Unosangana nematambudziko akakosha paunenge uchishanda neRF PCB. Mitemo yakasimba yekurongeka kweRF inokubatsira kuti uwane mashandiro akanakisa mune chero dhizaini yeRF PCB . Zviratidzo zveRF zvinoshanda zvakasiyana nezviratidzo zvakajairika. Kana usingatevedzere mitemo iyi yekurongeka kweRF, unogona kurasikirwa nehunhu hwechiratidzo uye kuvimba. Sarudzo dzekugadzira dzakangwarira uye kutevedzera mitemo yakajeka zvinoita kuti maseketi ako eRF agare akasimba uye ashande zvakanaka. Gwaro iri rinokupa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa dambudziko rega rega reRF nekuvimba.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Ita shuwa kuti matrace ako ane impedance yakakodzera. Izvi zvinochengetedza maRF signals akasimba uye zvinomisa kurasikirwa kwesignali. Shandisa matrace mapfupi uye akatwasuka. Shandisa ma solid ground planes kuderedza ruzha uye kuchengetedza matrace ari pachena. Sarudza zvinhu zvePCB zvine low dielectric constant uye loss tangent. Izvi zvinobatsira high-frequency signals kushanda zvirinani. Ronga PCB stackup yako ne layer order yakanaka uye grounding. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzora kupindira. Chengetedza analog, digital, uye RF signals dziri kure. Shandisa shielding kana uchida kudzivirira ruzha.
RF PCB Dhizaini Basics
Nheyo Dzakakosha
Paunoshanda neRF PCB layout , unofanirwa kushandisa mitemo yakakosha. Masaini epamusoro-soro anogona kushanda nenzira dzausingatarisiri. Masaini aya anogona kushaya simba kana kusimudza ruzha kana ukasatevedzera gwara rekugadzira maPCB. Unofanira kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemasaini mudhizaini yega yega yeRF PCB. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masaini ako anofanira kuramba akajeka paanenge achifamba nePCB.
Zano: Ronga dhizaini yako yeRF PCB usati watanga. Kuronga kwakanaka kunokubatsira kumisa matambudziko asati atanga.
Heano mimwe mitemo yakakosha yeese rf pcb marongero:
Impedans Matching:
Iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa iyo impedance yematehwe ako kune sosi uye mutoro. Izvi zvinochengeta ratidziro dzakaderera uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika chakakwira. Kana iwe usingaenderane ne impedance, ako epamusoro-frequency masaini anogona kudzoka kumashure uye kukonzera kukanganisa.Mapfupi uye akananga Traces:
Ita kuti maronda ako ave mapfupi uye akatwasuka. Marefu kana akamonyoroka maronda anogona kuita senge antennas. Ivo vanogona kutora masaini ausingade uye kukuvadza rf yako dhizaini yedunhu.Solid Ground Planes:
Isa ndege yepasi yakasimba pasi pechikamu chako chepamusoro-frequency rf. Izvi zvinopa masaini ako nzira yakajeka yekudzoka. Zvinobatsirawo yakaderera ruzha uye anochengeta pcb yako marongerwo akatsiga.Deredza Crosstalk:
Chengetedza zvironda zviri kure kana uchikwanisa. Kana maronda ari pedyo, masaini anogona kusvetuka kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe. Iyi crosstalk inogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwako kwechiratidzo.Kudzivirira uye Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe:
Chengetedza nzvimbo dzako dze rf kure nedhijitari kana magetsi maseketi. Shandisa shielding kana uchiida. Izvi zvinochengeta yako rf masaini akachena uye inovharira kunze ruzha.
Principle | Nei Zvichikosha muRF PCB Layout |
|---|---|
Impedans Matching | Inochengeta zviratidzo zviri pasi |
Short Traces | Inoderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kukanganisa |
Solid Ground Planes | Inovandudza kudzoka kwechiratidzo uye kugadzikana |
Deredza Crosstalk | Inodzivirira kutendeseka kwechiratidzo |
Kudzivirira/Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe | Inovhara kunze ruzha uye kukanganisa |
Unofanira kugara uchitarisa rf yako pcb marongerwo nemitemo iyi. Kungwarira dhizaini sarudzo dzinokubatsira iwe kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika murf wedunhu dhizaini.
RF vs. Standard PCB
Unogona kushamisika kuti rf pcb dhizaini yakasiyana sei neyakajairwa pcb dhizaini. Mhinduro iri pamusoro pekuti masaini akakwira-frequency anoita sei. Mune yakajairwa pcb marongero, unogona kusvetuka zvimwe zvidiki. Mune rf pcb dhizaini, zvese zvese zvakakosha.
High-Frequency Effects:
High-frequency signals inogona kudonhedza simba mumhepo. Vanogonawo kutora ruzha kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzePCB. Iwe unofanirwa kudzora izvi mhedzisiro nekungwarira rf pcb marongero.Impedance Control:
Mune yakajairwa pcb dhizaini, ungasanetseka nezve impedance. Mune rf pcb dhizaini, iwe unofanirwa kudzora impedance kune yega trace. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiratidzo chako chirambe chakasimba.Chiratidzo Kutendeseka:
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza masaini ako kubva pakurasikirwa, ruzha, uye kukanganisa. High-frequency zviratidzo zvinonyanya kufunga nezvematambudziko aya. Unofanira kushandisa zvakasimba pcb dhizaini nhungamiro kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvako zvakachena.PCB Stackup:
Iwe unowanzo shandisa yakakosha stackups mu rf pcb. Iwe unogona kuwedzera mamwe mazinga epasi kana kushandisa zvakakosha zvinhu. Izvi zvinokubatsira kudzora impedance uye kuderedza kupindira.
Cherechedza: Gara uchinyatsoongorora murwere wako nekungwarira. Zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru.
Heino kuenzanisa nekukurumidza:
mamiriro | Standard PCB | RF PCB (Yakakwirira-Frequency) |
|---|---|---|
Chiratidzo Kakawanda | Yakaderera kusvika pakuenzanisa | Yakakwira-frequency |
Impedans Matching | Kwete nguva dzose inodiwa | Nguva dzose inodiwa |
Chiratidzo Kuperera | Zvishoma kutsoropodza | Kutsoropodza zvakanyanya |
Marongerwo emitemo | Basic | Zvakaomarara uye zvakadzama |
Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu | Standard FR-4 | Special yakaderera-kurasikirwa zvinhu |
Iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera yakasimba pcb dhizaini nhungamiro kune yega rf pcb marongero. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviratidzo zvako zvepamusoro-frequency zvirambe zvakasimba uye yako rf pcb ichishanda zvakanaka. Paunoshandisa aya nhungamiro, unovaka akavimbika uye anoshanda rf maseketi.
Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu
Dielectric Zvivakwa
Paunenge uchigadzira yakakwirira-frequency pcb, unofanirwa kutarisa dielectric ehupfumi hwepcb substrate zvinhu. Iyo dielectric constant (Dk) uye kurasikirwa tangent (Df) inhamba mbiri dzakakosha. Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza mafambiro anoita masaini uye kuti anorasikirwa nesimba rakawanda sei. Kana iyo pcb substrate zvinhu ine yakakwira Dk, masaini anofamba zvishoma. Kana iyo Df yakakwira, zviratidzo zvinorasikirwa nesimba rakawanda sekupisa.
High-frequency zviratidzo zvinoshanda zvakanakisisa ne pcb substrate zvinhu ine yakaderera Dk uye yakaderera Df. Izvi zvinoita kuti masaini arambe achifamba nekukurumidza uye nesimba. Kana iwe ukasateerera kune izvi zvivakwa, yako yakakwirira-frequency masaini anogona kupera simba kana kusanganiswa. Unoda pcb wako kubatsira zviratidzo kufamba zvakajeka uye rakavimbika.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa padheti redata kuti uone hunhu hwe dielectric usati wasarudza chinhu chepcb substrate chekugadzira magadzirirwo e high-frequency.
Common Materials
Iwe unogona kutora kubva kune akawanda pcb substrate zvinhu zvepamusoro-frequency anoshandisa. Chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chine mapoinzi akanaka neakaipa. Hezvino zvimwe zvakajairika sarudzo:
FR-4: Chishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa mumagadzirirwo akawanda epcb. Chakanakira maseketi ane frequency yakaderera, asi kwete ane frequency yakakwirira.
Rogers (RO4000, RO3000) : Iyi pcb substrate midziyo ine kurasikirwa kushoma uye ine hunhu hwakagadzikana hwe dielectric. Inowanzo shandiswa kuma circuits ane frequency yakakwira.
PTFE (Teflon): Chinhu ichi chine kurasikirwa kushoma uye dhisiki yakasimba. Chakanakira magadzirirwo epcb ane frequency yakakwira.
Zvinhu zvakazadzwa neCeramic: Zvinhu izvi zvinopa kudzora kupisa kuri nani uye kurasikirwa kushoma pazvinenge zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya.
Material Type | Dielectric Constant (Dk) | Kurasika Tangent (Df) | High-Frequency Kukodzera |
|---|---|---|---|
FR-4 | 4.2 - 4.7 | 0.02 | Low |
Rogers RO4000 | 3.38 | 0.0027 | High |
PTFE (Teflon) | 2.1 | 0.0002 | Pamusoro soro |
Ceramic-yakazadzwa | 3.0 - 10 | 0.001 - 0.005 | High |
Paunotora pcb substrate zvinhu, funga nezvenyu yepamusoro-frequency zvinodiwa, mutengo, uye kuti zviri nyore sei kugadzira iyo pcb. Nguva dzose sarudza chinhu chinokodzera zvaunoda chiratidzo.
RF PCB Stackup
Layer Arrangement
Unofanira kuronga pcb stackup yako usati watanga dhizaini yako. Maitiro aunoita ma layers ari mupcb yako anokanganisa kufamba kwemasaini uye kuti unowana ruzha rwakadini. Stackup yakanaka inokubatsira kudzora impedance uye kuderedza kupindira. Unogona kushandisa pcb yakapfava ine layers mbiri, asi madhizaini mazhinji eRF anoshanda zvirinani ne layers ina kana kupfuura.
Yakajairwa stackup yerf pcb inoshandisa aya maseru:
Top layer: Signal
Chikamu chechipiri: Ndege yepasi
Chechitatu: Simba kana chiratidzo
Pazasi musara: Pasi pasi kana chiratidzo
Iwe unofanirwa kuisa zvikwangwani zvako padyo nendege yepasi. Izvi zvinoita kuti impedance irambe yakasimba uye inobatsira masaini ako kuti agare akachena. Kana iwe ukashandisa mamwe akaturikidzana, unogona kuwedzera mamwe epasi ndege kuti atoite zvirinani kuita.
Zano: Gara uchichengetedza zviratidzo zvako zviri pedyo nepasi pevhu sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinokubatsira kudzivirira ruzha rusingadiwe.
Signal uye Ground Layers
Iyo ndege yepasi ndechimwe chezvakakosha zvikamu zve rf pcb yako. Iwe unoda yakasimba pasi ndege pasi pezviratidzo zvako. Izvi zvinopa masaini ako nzira yakajeka yekudzoka uye inoderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa. Kana iwe ukaputsa ndege yepasi, unogona kukonzera matambudziko echiratidzo.
Iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza ndege yako yepasi neakawanda vias. Izvi zvinoita kuti ndege yepasi irambe yakasimba uye zvinobatsira kumisa ruzha kubva pakupararira. Iwe unogona kushandisa tafura kuti uone kuti yakanaka stackup inotaridzika sei:
Layer Number | Rukoko Rudzi | Notes |
|---|---|---|
1 | Chiratidzo | Isa pedyo nendege yepasi |
2 | Ndege yepasi | Yakasimba, hapana mabreak |
3 | Simba/Chiratidzo | Ramba kure ne rf zviratidzo |
4 | Ndege yepasi | Yakawedzera nzira yekudzoka |
Unofanira kugara uchitarisa pcb stackup yako usati wagadzira bhodhi rako. Nzvimbo yakasimba yepasi uye kurongeka kwakangwara kwelayer kunokubatsira kuti uwane rf performance yakanakisa.
Trace Dhizaini
Controlled Impedans
Unofanira kudzora impedance mune yega yega rf pcb layout. Controlled impedance inochengetedza masaini ako eRF akasimba uye akajeka. Kana usingaenderane ne impedance, ma rf traces ako anogona kukonzera reflections. Izvi reflections zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemasaini. Unofanira kushandisa upamhi hwakakodzera uye nzvimbo yakakwana ye rf trace yega yega. Zvinhu zve pcb ne stackup zvinoshandurawo impedance. Gara uchitarisa rf pcb layout yako uchishandisa calculator kana simulation tool.
Zano: Shandisa upamhi hwakaenzana kune ese ma rf traces ane rudzi rumwe rwe rf signal. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuchengetedza impedance yakadzikama mu rf pcb layout yako.
Microstrip uye Stripline
Iwe unowanzo shandisa microstrip kana stripline zvimiro mune rf pcb marongero dhizaini. Microstrip traces inogara pamusoro peiyo pcb ine ndege yepasi pazasi. Stripline traces inomhanya pakati pendege mbiri dzepasi mukati mePCB. Imwe neimwe mhando ine yayo yekushandisa mune rf pcb trace dhizaini.
mamiriro | Nzvimbo paPCB | Shielding Level | Chaizvoizvo Kushandisa |
|---|---|---|---|
Microstrip | Nzvimbo yepamusoro | nzira | Rakareruka rf routing |
Stripline | Rwomukati | High | Sensitive rf kutapurirana mitsara |
Microstrip iri nyore kugadzira uye kuongorora. Stripline inopa kudzivirira kurinani kune yako rf traces. Iwe unofanirwa kutora iyo yakakodzera mhando kune yako rf pcb marongero.
Routing Guidelines
Iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera yakakosha mitemo ye rf routing. Chengetedza rf yako ipfupi uye yakatwasuka sezvinobvira. Dzivisa makona akapinza. Shandisa mabhendi akapfava pane kudaro. Izvi zvinomisa kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye inochengeta yako rf masaini akachena. Usayambuka rf traces pamusoro pekutsemuka mundege yepasi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera ruzha uye matambudziko echiratidzo.
Isa rf inoteedzera kure kubva kune ine ruzha mitsetse yedhijitari.
Shandisa kuburikidza nekusona kubatanidza ndege dzepasi pedyo nerf transmission tambo.
Chengetedza nzvimbo iri pakati pe rf traces yakafara kudzikisa crosstalk.
Rangarira: Kungwarira rf pcb dhizaini uye yakangwara rf routing inokubatsira kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kukanganisa.
Unofanira kugara uchiongorora marongerwo eRF PCB yako usati wapedza. Dhizaini yakanaka yeRF PCB inoita kuti maRF circuits ako ashande zviri nani uye agare kwenguva refu.
Impedance Dhizaini
Theoretical Foundations
Kupindirana kwesimba kwakakosha zvikuru mukugadzira RF PCB . Unofanira kudzora kupindirana kwesimba kuti zviratidzo zvirambe zvakajeka. Kupindirana kwesimba kwakafanana nekudzivisa zviratidzo zviri kufamba pane trace. MuRF , zviratidzo zvinofamba nekukurumidza. Kana kupindirana kwesimba kuchichinja, zviratidzo zvinogona kudzoka. Kupindirana uku kunoita ruzha uye kunetesa zviratidzo zvako zveRF . Unofanira kuenzanisa kupindirana kwesimba resimba nekwakabva uye mutoro. Izvi zvinochengetedza dhizaini yako yeRF circuit yakadzikama uye zvinomisa kurasikirwa kwesimba resimba.
Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinokanganisa Impedance
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuchinja impedance muRF PCB yako . Unofanira kutarisa zvinhu izvi paunenge uchigadzira:
Upamhi hwetrace : Matrace akapamhamha ane impedance yakaderera. Matrace akamanikana anokwidza impedance.
Ukobvu hweDielectric : Nzvimbo kubva patrace kuenda pasi inochinja impedance.
Dielectric constant : Rudzi rwezvinhu zvepcb runoshandura kufamba kwemasaini.
Ukobvu hwemhangura : Mhangura yakakora inochinja impedance muma rf traces ako.
Kugadziriswa kwePCB : Maitiro aunoronga ma layers muRF PCB yako anochinja impedance.
Gara uchitarisa zvinhu izvi usati wapedza dhizaini yako yeRF . Kuchinja kudiki kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwechiratidzo.
Impedance Kuverenga Nzira
Unogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana impedance yakakodzera ye rf traces . Mainjiniya mazhinji anoshandisa ma calculator epamhepo kana software yakakosha. Unogona zvakare kushandisa mafomula e microstrip kana stripline traces. Heino fomura iri nyore ye microstrip impedance:
Z = (87 / sqrt(Dk + 1.41)) * ln(5.98 * H / (0.8 * W + T))
Where:
Z = kusagadzikana (ohms)
Dk = dielectric nguva dzose
H = kureba kubva kune imwe nzira kusvika kune pasi
W = tsvaga hupamhi
T = kutsvaga ukobvu
Unofanira kugara uchitarisa mhinduro yako uchishandisa chishandiso kana simulation. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti masaini arambe akasimba muRF PCB yako.
Inoshanda Dhizaini Workflow
Unogona kutevera matanho aya kudzora impedance mu rf pcb design yako :
Sarudza yako pcb zvinhu uye stackup.
Isa chinangwa chako chekupindira pane imwe neimwe rf trace.
Shandisa karukureta kana chishandiso kuti uwane hupamhi hwekutsvaga.
Dhirowa ma rf traces ako nehupamhi nenzvimbo chaiyo.
Tarisa marongero ako nemudziyo wekutevedzera.
Ongorora dhizaini yako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unosangana nezvose zvinodiwa neRF uye masaini.
Kuronga zvakanaka kunokubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko uye kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvako zveRF zvakasimba.
Grounding Techniques
Ground Planes
Iwe unoda yakasimba yekumisa hurongwa kune yega yega rf dhizaini. Ndege yakasimba yepasi inopa yako rf masaini nzira yakajeka. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuderedza ruzha uye kuchengetedza masaini ako akachena. Isa ndege yepasi pasi pemaitiro ako erf. Izvi zvinoita kuti kugadzika kwako kuve nani uye kunobatsira nekudzoka kwechiratidzo. Kana iwe ukaputsa ndege yepasi, unogona kukonzera matambudziko munharaunda yako yerf. Nguva dzose chengetedza ndege yepasi yakakura uye isina kuputsika sezvinobvira.
Zano: Shandisa purani yakazara pasi pechikamu chako cheRF. Danho iri riri nyore repasi rinogona kumisa matambudziko mazhinji echiratidzo.
Iyo yakanaka yepasi zano inoshandisa imwechete pasi ndege kune ese rf zvikamu. Izvi zvinoita kuti masaini ako erf arambe akatsiga uye zvinokubatsira kudzivirira kukanganisa.
Via Stitching
Kuburikidza nekusonanidza kunobatanidza akasiyana pasi akaturikidzana mune yako rf pcb. Iwe unoisa akawanda madiki vias pamucheto werf yako yepasi ndege. Aya vias anobatanidza ndege dzepamusoro uye dzepasi pasi. Iyi nzira yekumisa nayo inomisa ruzha kubva kupararira. Iwe zvakare unoshandisa kuburikidza nekusona kuchengetedza yako rf masaini mukati meiyo nzvimbo chaiyo.
Isa vias padhuze pamwe chete kuti pave nekudzika kuri nani.
Shandisa kuburikidza nekusona kutenderedza rf traces uye padyo nenhengo dzakasimba.
Tafura inogona kukubatsira kuona kwekushandisa kuburikidza nekusona:
nharaunda | Via Stitching Inodiwa? |
|---|---|
RF trace edges | Ehe |
Zvikamu zvakadzivirirwa | Ehe |
Digital zvikamu | dzimwe nguva |
Dzokera Nzira
Iwe unofanirwa kupa yako rf masaini nzira yakajeka yekudzoka. Kugadzika kwakanaka kunoita kuti izvi zvive nyore. Kana nzira yekudzoka ikaputsika, masaini ako erf anogona kutora ruzha. Gara uchifambisa yako rf traces pamusoro peiyo yakasimba pasi ndege. Izvi zvinoita kuti nzira yekudzoka iite pfupi uye yakananga. Kana iwe ukaparadzanisa ndege yepasi, iwe unoita nzira yekudzoka kureba. Izvi zvinogona kukuvadza rf performance yako.
Rangarira: Kudzika kwakanaka kunopa masaini erf yako nzira yakachengeteka yekudzokera. Izvi zvinoita kuti dunhu rako rive rakasimba uye rakavimbika.
Iwe unofanirwa kugara uchitarisa nzvimbo yako usati wapedza yako rf pcb. Chirongwa chakasimba chepasi chinobatsira yega yega rf dhizaini kushanda zvirinani.
Simba uye Decoupling
Power Routing
Unofanira kuronga nzira yemagetsi nekungwarira mukugadzira RF PCB . Macircuit ane frequency yakakwirira anoda simba rakachena uye rakatsiga. Kana ukasafambisa tambo dzemagetsi zvakanaka, ruzha runogona kuitika. Ruzha urwu runogona kuita kuti chiratidzo chako chiwedzere kuipa. Shandisa nzira dzemagetsi dzakafara kana mapurani kuti uwane mhedzisiro iri nani. Nzira dzakafara dzinoderedza resistance uye chengetedza voltage yakadzikama. Nzira dzemagetsi dzinobatsirawo kumisa ruzha kuti rusapararire.
Zano: Chengeta masaini emagetsi kure nemitsetse yeRF inonzwisisika . Izvi zvinobatsira kumisa kubatana kusingadiwe uye kupindira.
Heano matanho ekugadzirisa zvirinani magetsi:
Edza kushandisa ndege yemagetsi yakatsaurirwa.
Chengetedza magetsi mapfupi uye akananga.
Usashandise makona akapinza mumitsara yemagetsi.
Isa simba nendege dzepasi pedyo pamwe chete mu stackup.
Iyi tafura inoratidza yakanaka uye yakaipa nzira yemagetsi:
Simba Routing Practice | Mhedzisiro paRF PCB |
|---|---|
Wide traces/ndege | Ruzha rwepasi, simba rakagadzikana |
Yakareba, mitsetse mitete | Ruzha rwepamusoro, kudonha kwevoltage |
Pedyo nendege yepasi | Better noise control |
Decoupling Placement
Ma capacitor ekubvisa ruzha anobatsira kudzivirira ruzha kubva kumagetsi. Isa ma capacitor aya pedyo neRF chip yega yega kana chikamu. Kana ukaaisa kure, haakwanise kudzivirira ruzha rwepamusoro-soro zvakanaka. Shandisa ma capacitor ane low equivalent series resistance (ESR) kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Isa capacitor ine simba diki, yakaita se0.01 µF, pedyo nepini yega yega yeRF IC power. Wedzera capacitor hombe, yakaita se1 µF, iri pedyo kuti usefetere zvishoma.
Shandisa iyi cheki yekutarisa pakubvisa kubatanidza kuiswa:
Isa ma capacitor padhuze nepaunogona napo kuti usimbise mapini.
Shandisa inodarika kukosha imwe yekuvhara ma frequency akawanda.
Batanidza ma capacitor kundege yepasi nematanho mapfupi.
Kubatanidza zvakanaka kunoita kuti masaini eRF ako agare akachena uye dunhu rako rirambe rakagadzikana. Gara uchitarisa marongerwo ako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti une kusanganisa kwakakwana pedyo nechikamu chega chega cheRF.
Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye Kudzivirira
Kuparadzaniswa kwechiratidzo
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengeta masaini akasiyana ari parutivi paRF PCB yako. Paunoparadzanisa masaini, unomisa ruzha rusingadiwe kubva pakufamba pakati pawo. Isa analog uye masaini edhijitari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzebhodhi rako. Izvi zvinobatsira chiratidzo chega chega kugara chakachena uye chakasimba. Iwe unofanirwawo kufambisa mitsetse yakakwira-frequency kure kubva kune yakaderera-frequency mitsetse. Kana ukayambuka nzira dzezviratidzo, zviite nekona chaiyo. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekupindira.
Zano: Shandisa mavara akajeka uye nzvimbo dzerudzi rwechiratidzo chega chega. Izvi zvinoita kuti marongerwo ako ave nyore kutarisa uye anochengetedza masaini akachengeteka.
Tafura iri nyore inogona kukubatsira kuronga kuparadzaniswa kwechiratidzo:
Chiratidzo Rudzi | Placement Advice |
|---|---|
Analog | Kure nemasaini edhijitari |
Digital | Kure kubva kuRF zvikamu |
RF | Isolated nendege yepasi |
Unogona kushandisa mapuraneti epasi sezvipingamupinyi pakati pemhando dzezviratidzo. Izvi zvinowedzera rumwe rutivi rwedziviriro.
EMI Kuderedza
Iwe unofanirwa kudzora emi kuchengetedza yako RF PCB ichishanda nemazvo. emi inomirira electromagnetic interference. Inogona kuita kuti zviratidzo zvako zvirasikirwe nemhando kana kutokundikana. Kudzivirira inzira yakasimba yekuvhara emi. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvidzitiro zvesimbi pamusoro pezvikamu zvakaoma. Nhoo idzi dzinomisa ruzha rwekunze kuti rusasvike maseketi ako.
Iwe unofanirwawo kushandisa kuburikidza nekusona kutenderedza nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti nhovo irambe yakabatana pasi uye ichivharira mamwe emi. Short traces uye yakasimba pasi ndege dzinobatsira kuderedza emi zvakare.
Isa nhovo pamusoro peRF machipisi uye antennas.
Shandisa pasi rinozadza pakati pemitsara yechiratidzo.
Chengetedza masaini ekumhanya-mhanya kure nemapendero ebhodhi.
Rangarira: Kudzivirira kwakanaka uye sarudzo dzakangwara dzemagadzirirwo chengetedza bhodhi rako kubva kune emi uye chengeta masaini ako akajeka.
Mazano ekugadzirisa eRF PCB
Component Placement
Unofanira kuronga marongerwo epcb yako usati watanga kuisa zvikamu. Kuiswa zvakanaka kunobatsira dhizaini yako kushanda zvakanaka. Isa maantenna pamucheto pebhodhi rako. Izvi zvinoadzivirira kure neruzha uye zvinoita kuti atumire uye agamuchire masaini zviri nani. Isa matransmitter nemareceiver pedyo neantenna. Mafambiro mapfupi anokubatsira kutevedzera nhungamiro yekugadzira pcb uye kuchengetedza masaini ako akasimba.
Shanduko uye zvimwe zvakakwirira-frequency zvikamu zvinofanirwa kugara padyo nenzira yechiratidzo. Kana iwe ukashanda neyakasanganiswa-chiratidzo pcb, chengeta analogi uye dijitari zvikamu zvakaparadzana. Izvi zvinomisa ruzha kufamba pakati pavo. Shandisa ndege yepasi kuparadzanisa nzvimbo idzi. Unogona kushandisa tafura kubatsira kuronga nzvimbo yako:
chikamu | Kuisa Zano |
|---|---|
kanyanga | Mucheto webhodhi, nzvimbo yakajeka |
Transmitter | Pedyo neantenna |
mugamuchiri | Pedyo neantenna |
chinja | Pedyo negwara rechiratidzo |
Kuderedza Parasitics
Zvipembenene migumisiro isingadiwe inogona kukanganisa dhizaini yePCB yako . Unofanira kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvipfupi uye zvakananga. Zviratidzo zvirefu zvinoshanda semaantenna uye zvinonzwa ruzha. Tevedzera gwara rekugadzira PCB kudzivirira makona akapinza. Shandisa makoni akatsetseka panzvimbo pezvo. Isa macapacitor ekuparadzanisa pedyo nemapini emagetsi. Izvi zvinobatsira dhizaini yako kudzivirira ruzha.
Kana iwe ukashanda neakasanganiswa-signal maseketi, chengeta analogi uye dijitari traces zvakaparadzana. Usavayambuka kana uchikwanisa kuzvibatsira. Kana uchifanira kuyambuka, ita nekona yakarurama. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekufamba pakati pezviratidzo.
Zano: Nguva dzose tarisa pcb yako marongerwo ekuwedzera mhangura kana isina kushandiswa Mapedhi. Bvisa ivo kuderedza parasitics.
Manufacturing Factors
Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvekugadzira kana wapedza yako pcb marongerwo. Shandisa zvakajairwa kutevedza upamhi uye kupatsanurana kunogona kuitwa nefekitari yako. Tevera pcb dhizaini nhungamiro yegomba saizi uye pedhi maumbirwo. Kana iwe ukashandisa yakavhenganiswa-chiratidzo pcb, udza mugadziri wako nezve zvakakosha zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinovabatsira kuita kuti dhizaini yako ikwane.
Tarisa kuti bhodhi rako rinogona kuitwa pasina kukanganisa. Dzivisa makwapa madiki kana matete. Izvi zvinogona kuputsika panguva yekugadzirwa. Yakanaka pcb marongerwo anokubatsira kuwana bhodhi rinoshanda kekutanga.
Rangarira: Kungwarira kuronga uye kutevera pcb dhizaini nhungamiro kuita dhizaini yako nyore kuvaka uye bvunzo.
Iwe zvino wava negwara riri nyore kune rakanaka rf pcb dhizaini. Tevedza matanho aya kuti rf yese pcb ishande zvirinani. Ronga dhizaini yako usati watanga. Sarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvebhodhi rako. Gadzirisa nhengo dzako nehanya. Shandisa nheyo yakasimba uye chengeta zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinobatsira bhodhi rako kushanda zvakanaka. Tarisa basa rako kuti uwane zvikanganiso nekukurumidza. Gwaro iri rinokubatsira kuita zvaunogona. Kana yako rf pcb yakaoma, bvunza nyanzvi kana kutsvaga rumwe rubatsiro.
FAQ
Ndeupi mutemo wakanyanya kukosha muRF PCB dhizaini?
Unofanira kuenzana ne impedance ye traces yako. Izvi zvinoita kuti masaini ako arambe akasimba uye akajeka. Kuenzana kwe impedance kunomisa kuratidzwa uye kurasikirwa kwe signal. Nguva dzose tarisa hupamhi hwe trace yako nezvinhu kuti uwane impedance yakakodzera.
Iwe unoderedza sei ruzha muRF PCB?
Iwe unogona kushandisa yakasimba pasi ndege pasi peRF yako traces. Isa decoupling capacitors padyo nemapini emagetsi. Chengetedza masaini edhijitari neanalogi akaparadzana. Tsanangudzo pfupi dzinobatsira kudzikisa ruzha, zvakare.
Ndechipi chinyorwa chinoshanda zvakanyanya kune yakakwira-frequency RF PCBs?
PTFE (Teflon) inokupa iwe yakaderera kurasikirwa uye yakagadzikana masiginecha pane yakakwirira frequency. Rogers zvinhu zvinoshandawo nemazvo. FR-4 haina kunaka kune yakakwirira-frequency dhizaini.
zvinhu | High-Frequency Kushandisa |
|---|---|
PTFE | Excellent |
Rogers | Kugona chose |
FR-4 | murombo |
Nei uchifanira kuchengeta RF ipfupi uye yakatwasuka?
Mapfupi, akatwasanuka anochengeta masaini ako akasimba. Marefu kana akabhenda maronda anogona kuita senge antennas. Vanotora ruzha uye vanorasikirwa nemhando yechiratidzo. Gara uchironga marongero ako kune ipfupi nzira.
Iwe unoda here kudzivirira kune yega RF sekiti?
Haasi ese eRF sedunhu anoda kudzivirirwa. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa kudzivirira kana ukaona ruzha rwakawanda kana kupindira. Metal nhovo uye kuzadza pasi kunobatsira kuchengetedza nhengo dzakasimba. Nguva dzose edza bhodhi rako kuti usarudze kana kudzivirira kunobatsira.
