Kunzwa mutoro kwakanyatsojeka kunoshandisa load cell ne analog front-end chain kubata huremu pasina kukanganisa kukuru. Kudzora display ndiko kugadzirisa, kusefa, uye presentation layer inoshandura zviyero izvozvo kuita ma values anoverengwa. Pamwe chete, zvinoisa kururama uye kuvimbika kwema weight systems emazuva ano. Functional weighting indicators chete imusika weUSD 197.0 miriyoni muna 2025, ne 5.89% CAGR inotarisirwa kusvika 2033, saka sarudzo dzebhodhi dzine huremu chaihwo. Zvikanganiso zvinopinda musignal chain pa bridge, amplifier, reference, uye marongerwo. Mainjiniya anofanira kutonga component tolerance, grounding, filtering, uye manufacturing trade-offs pavanotsanangura, kubatanidza, kana kugadzirisa weighting system. Kukurukurirana uku kunobva pa analog front end kuburikidza ne precision metrics, display ne EMC, uye pakupedzisira DFM guidance.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Tanga ne analog front end yakachena kuti uwane masaini ehuremu akarurama.
Shandisa ratiometric referencing kudzima ruzha uye kudonha kwechiratidzo chekufadza.
Wana nhamba dzinoshandiswa kubva muruzha rwaunoyera, kwete kubva pakadzika kweADC bit.
Shandisai tembiricha kuti muyere kuti kuverenga kurambe kwakadzikama mumamiriro akasiyana.
Dhizaini yeEMC neDFM kuchengetedza kunyatsojeka kubva pakugadzirwa kuenda kumunda.
Kumberi Kwekuona Mutoro Nemazvo
Kumberi kunoisa muganho wezvese zvinotevera. Bhiriji rakachena, sosi inosimudzira kugadzikana, uye chinoshandura-analog-to-digital chakanyatsotsanangurwa zvinosarudza kuti chiratidzo chaicho chinosvika papi pafirmware. Kunzwa kwemutoro kwakanyatsojeka kunotanga pano, uye hapana huwandu hwekusefa kwedhijitari hunogona kudzosa ruzivo rwusina kumbobatwa neketani yeanalog.
Bhiriji reMota Yekutakura uye Kufara
Sero remuchina wekusimbisa simba rinoshandisa bhiriji reWheatstone. Maoko mana efoil resistive anobatanidzwa kune flexure. Huremu hwakashandiswa hunotambanudza maoko maviri uye hunodzvanya mamwe maviri. Kuchinja kwekudzivirira kudiki, kazhinji kacho chikamu che ohm, uye bhiriji rinoita kuti rive voltage diki yakasiyana. Voltage iyoyo inoyera zvakananga ne excitation: output inoenzana ne excitation voltage inopetwa ne fractional resistance change yakakamurwa ne mana, kune quarter-bridge pasi pe strain small. Ne excitation ye 2.5 V uye gauge factor ye 2.0, 1000 microstrain input inopa inenge 1.25 mV chete. Ndokusaka amplification uye low-noise reference inokosha zvikuru.
Sarudzo yekuwedzera simba inochinja kunzwisisika kwesimba remagetsi risingadziyiwi nekudziyisa kwega. Voltage yakakwira inowedzera simba remagetsi uye inovandudza chiyero chesignal-to-noise, asi inodziisawo magauge uye inobvisa zero point. Kudzivirira bhiriji nezwi rimwe chete kunoita kuti pave nekuchinjana uku:
Nominal Resistance | Chaizvoizvo Kushandisa | Key Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
120 Ω | Kuyerwa kwechinangwa chakajairika | Chiratidzo chekubuda chakakura; njodzi yakakura yekuzvidziyisa |
350 Ω | Kuedza kwakaringana uye kwenguva refu | Kudziisa kwega kwega kwevoltage yekufadza yakapihwa |
1000 Ω | Mashandisirwo e transducer akanyatsorurama | Inozvidziisa yakaderera; inoda kuwedzera ruzha zvishoma |
Kana iri simbi, simba remagetsi rinokurudzirwa kuva pakati pe2 kusvika ku5 W/in². Kuti uwane simba rakanakisisa rekusimudzira, usaise mutoro uye wedzera voltage uchitarisa zero richiverengwa. Kana zero yave isina kugadzikana, deredza simba rekusimudzira kusvika simba radzoka. Edza bvunzo iyi patembiricha yepamusoro inotarisirwa kuyerwa. Kudzivirira kwakanyanya kunoratidza simba rakaderera panzvimbo imwe neimwe uye kunobvumira nzvimbo yakawanda yekusimudzira.
Kune 100g load cell, non-linearity, hysteresis, uye repeatable zvinodzorwa kusvika ≤±0.05% RO, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekukanganisa hwe ±0.05g.
Dhizaini yeRatiometric ADC neAmplifier
Chiyero chechiyero chinotora referensi yeADC kubva kuburikidzo rekuwedzera kwebhiriji. Kuyerwa kunobva kwaenderana nechiyero cheburikidzo rinobuda nekuwedzeredza, kwete pahuwandu hwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera. Ruzha nekudonha kwemhepo mutsime rekuwedzera zvinodzima. Sarudzo imwe chete iyi yedhizaini inobvisa mhando yese yezvikanganiso zvekudonha kwemhepo zvinopisa uye inoita kuti magetsi ave nyore.
Kusarudzwa kweGain kunofanirwa kutarisirwa zvakaenzana. Amplifier yezvishandiso inowedzera chiratidzo chebhiriji repamusoro pe millivolt kusvika padanho rekupinda remushanduri. Kukanganisa kweGain uye kudonha kweGain kunowedzera zvakananga kumhedzisiro yese, uye danho rekuwedzera gain rakasimbiswa rinowedzera ruzha rwunodziviswa neamplifier yekuwedzera yemukati inogadziriswa yemushanduri. Ruzha rwunodzoserwa neInput runodonha sezvo gain inokwira mukati memushanduri, saka magadzirirwo mazhinji anoendesa bhiriji zvakananga muADC's internal PGA.
MaIC ekushandura akatsaurirwa, akadai seHX711 class, bundle excitation, amplification, uye conversion mupakeji imwe chete. Anokodzera magadzirirwo anonyanya kudhura. Kuti masero ekutakura ashande zvakanaka, ma converters emhando yepamusoro kana emhando yepamusoro ane ratiometric reference anopa resolution iri nani isina ruzha. Kuverengwa kwezvikamu zvinosvika 20,000 zvisina ruzha kunodiwa kuti usvike 1 g resolution pamasero ekutakura ane 20 kg. Ne 2 mV/V sensitivity uye 10 kg load cell, resolution iri nani pane 1 g inogoneka uchishandisa marongero anokurudzirwa. Saka sarudzo yemasero ekutakura nesarudzo yekushandura ndeyesarudzo imwe chete, kwete dzakasiyana.
Kururama uye Kunyatsorongeka muMasisitimu Ekuyera
Mainjiniya vanowanzo funga kuti kururama nekunyatsojeka zvinoreva chinhu chimwe chete. Zvechokwadi zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye sisitimu yekuyera inogona kuva neimwe isina imwe. Kururama kunotsanangura kuti kuverenga kuri pedyo sei nehuremu hwechokwadi. Kudzokororwa kunotsanangura kuti kuverenga kwakasimba kunowirirana sei. Kugadziriswa kunotsanangura nhanho diki inogona kuratidzwa nechiratidziro. Chikero chinogona kudzokorora zvakakwana asi chichiri kuverenga zvisirizvo, uye chikero chinogona kuratidza manhamba akawanda asi chichiri kufamba-famba. Masisitimu ekuyera emazuva ano eindasitiri anoda zvese zvitatu, uye dhizaini yebhodhi inosarudza kuti ungachengeta yakawanda sei pane imwe neimwe.
Kuwanda kwemhinduro kana kuti kusaita ruzha
Chisarudzo chekushandura chisina kujeka chinongova nhamba iri papepa redata. 24-bit ADC inopa izwi rinobuda re24-bit, uye izwi iroro ndiro denga. Chisarudzo chinoshanda chakaderera, nekuti ruzha rwunogara mumabhiti akaderera. Kuverengwa kweruzha kunotsanangura chikamu chakagadzikana, chisina kupenya cherange, uye ichi ndicho chifananidzo chakakosha kune sisitimu yekuyera.
Mukana wacho wakakura. Chinoshandura mabhiti makumi maviri nemana chinoshanda nekuwedzera kwe128 chinopa mabhiti angangoita 19.1 e resolution inoshanda ne 70 nV rms noise pamusoro pe ±39.1 mV input range uye 2.5 V reference. Pakuwedzera kwe1, resolution inoshanda inosvika mabhiti angangoita 21.6 ne 1.53 µV rms noise pamusoro pe ±2.5 V. Resolution inoshanda inomhanya mabhiti angangoita 2.7 zviri nani pane resolution isina ruzha kunze kwekunge data-output word ichiiganhurira. Pakuverenga, nhamba iyoyo ye19.1-bit inosvika kuhuwandu hunosvika 489,178 husina ruzha. Zviyero zvekuyera zvinowanzoda kuverengwa kwe50,000 kusina ruzha, saka headroom iripo, asi chete kana marongero nekusefa zvichidzivirira.
pfuma | Zvahunoyera | Muganho Wakajairika |
|---|---|---|
kunyatsoita | Kuswedera pedyo nevanhu vazhinji | Yakagadzirirwa ne calibration uye drift |
Kudzokorora | Kupararira kwekuverenga kwakadzokororwa | Yakagadzirirwa neruzha uye makanika |
Resolution | Danho diki pane ose anoratidzwa | Yakagadzirirwa nenhamba dzisina ruzha |
Usaite saizi yechikero chakanyatsojeka kubva paADC bit count chete. Wana nhamba dzinoshandiswa kubva paruzha rwakayerwa pakutsvaga kwedata uye pakusefa.
Muripo weKupisa uye Zero Tracking
Tembiricha inofambisa zvese zviri zviviri point zero uye span. Masisitimu esimbi ekare ekuyera strain gauge anotsvedza kubva pa0.01% kusvika pa0.05% yechiyero chakazara pa °C. Magadzirirwo epamusoro ane muripo wekupisa anochengeta pasi pe0.002% yechiyero chakazara pa °C. Sero remutoro risina muripo rinotarisana nekukwira kwe10 °C rinogona kuchinja kubuda kwaro kusvika pa ±0.05% yechiyero chakazara. Kuchinja ikoko kukanganisa chaiko pachiratidziro, kwete chinhu chinotenderera.
Muripo Nzira | simba | mutengo |
|---|---|---|
Kugadziriswa kwekufadza kwakavakirwa paThermistor | Inogadzirisa otomatiki voltage yebhiriji | Kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo kushoma, kupindura kunononoka |
Muripo wemidziyo yemagetsi | Kugadzirisa nekukurumidza panguva chaiyo | Mutengo wepamusoro |
Software muripo | Flexible uye inodhura-inoshanda | Zvinoenderana nedata rekugadzirisa |
Muripo usingashandiswi | Zviri nyore, zvinoshandiswa pakuvaka | Nzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati chete |
Active muripo | Inogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvisiri zvemutsara | Inoda masensa ne processor |
Maitiro ekutevera asina kuteererwa uye maitiro etare anofanirwa kushandiswa mufirmware, uye anoshanda pamwe chete neanalog chain. Maitiro ekutevera asina kuteererwa anofanirwa kushanda chete kana load cell yakagadzikana uye isina kuburitswa. Kutevera zvine hukasha kunovanza kuyerera zvishoma nezvishoma uye kunodzivirira bhiriji risingashande. Isa hwindo rekutevera kubva pasi peruzha rwakayerwa, uye nyora zviitiko zvetare kuitira kuti mainjiniya emunda vagone kuzviongorora.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa uye Miganhu Inoshanda
Kugadzirisa kunovhara denderedzwa riri pakati pemagumo e-analog nechidzitiro. Shandisa seti yekutarisa inotevedzana inovhara nzvimbo yekushanda, uye nyora ma coefficients e zero ne span pakupisa kunopfuura kumwe chete kana application ichibvumira. Chengeta ma coefficients mundangariro isingachinjiki ne checksum. Tafura yekuenzanisa yakakanganisika inoita kuti kuverenga kuve kwakasimba, kusina kunaka, uye hapana firita inogona kuibata.
Tarisira miganhu inoshanda. Kunyatsorongeka uye kunyatsojeka munzvimbo chaiyo zvinoenderana nekuiswa kwemuchina, kurongeka kwetambo, uye nguva yekudziya sezvinoita pakushandura. Kushanda zvakanaka pakuyera kunobva pakubata load cell, bhodhi, uye firmware secheni imwe chete yekuyera. Sangana nezvinodiwa zvekururama zveapplication ne margin, wobva wasimbisa margin iyoyo payuniti yakapedzwa.
Kudzora Kuratidzwa Kwemasisitimu Emazuva Ano Ekuyera Maindasitiri
Dhizaini yeChiratidzo Chekuyera Kwedhijitari
Chiratidzo chekuyera dhijitari ndipo panoungana masaini ekugadzirisa, kusefa, uye kubuda. Chiratidzo chinotora chinobuda che converter, chinoisa firita yedhijitari, uye chinotyaira chiratidziro. Simba refirita rinoita kuti pave nekuchinjana kwakananga. Kusefa kwakasimba kunopa chiratidziro chakasimba asi kunononotsa mwero wekuvandudzwa. Chiratidzo chekuyera dhijitari chekuyera tangi rakamira chinogona kusefa zvakanyanya, nepo chiratidzo chekuyera dhijitari chichida mhinduro nekukurumidza.
Kupatsanurwa kwezviratidziro kunoumbawo zvinoonekwa nemushandi. Chiratidzo chinotenderera kuita zvikamu zvakakura kupfuura resolution yeADC, uye kutenderera uku kunovanza kudzima kubva muruzha rwemagetsi uye kudedera kudiki. Mwero wemuenzaniso unoisa denga rezvigadziriso zvinoshandiswa. Kuyera kwakasimba kunomhanya pakuchinja kwechiuru kana kupfuura pasekondi, uye kuyera kwetangi kana silo kunomhanya pa10 kusvika ku50. Mainjiniya anofanira kufananidza mwero wemuenzaniso nefirita neapplication vasati vagadzirisa display.
Interface, Refresh Rate, uye EMC
Kusarudzwa kwedhiraivha yekuratidza kunotevera panel, kwete zvinopesana. Madhiraivha ezvikamu anokodzera kuverenga kwenhamba yakajeka, uye madhiraivha emifananidzo anotsigira mamenyu nemakiyi akapfava. Mwero wekuvandudza unofanirwa kugara wakakwira zvakakwana kudzivirira kupenya kunooneka. Keypad uye touch interfaces zvinoda kubviswa mufirmware, uye chiratidzo chinofanira kuramba kudonha kwekubatana chisati chanyoresa kiyi.
Masisitimu ekuyera eindasitiri anoda EMC inyanzvi padanho rebhodhi . Gadzira magumo e analog akaparadzana ne display wobva wadzosa mutyairi. Vhara tambo dze load cell, sefa excitation supply, uye wedzera dziviriro yenguva pfupi pane yega yega connector yekunze. Nzvimbo dzekutaurirana dzakadai se serial uye fieldbus ports dzinotakura transients mu enclosure, saka dzidzivirire panzvimbo yekupinda. Chiratidzo chekuyera chedhijitari chinopona pakuedzwa kwekukwira kwemhepo chinodzivirira basa rega rega rekuyera shure kwaro.
Zano: Kuratidzwa kwenzira uye magetsi ekudzoka anochinja magetsi kubva panzvimbo yepasi yeanalog. Nzira dzinoshandiswa kudzoka dzinoisa ruzha zvakananga muchiratidzo chebhiriji.
Zviratidzo zvekuyera zvedhijitari zvinotsigirawo masisitimu ekuyera emazuva ano eindasitiri. Chiratidzo ichi chinoshandisa mafirita, chinochengeta calibration, uye chinoshuma zvikanganiso. Chiratidzo chekuyera chedhijitari chakagadzirwa zvakanaka chinoramba chichiyera data kubva pabhiriji kuenda papaneru.
Kuchinjana kweDFM neImplementation
Nhungamiro dzeKugadzira Bhodhi-Level
Sarudzo dzinoitwa panguva yekugadzira dzinosarudza kana schematic yakanaka ichibudirira mukugadzirwa. Kushivirirana kwezvikamu ndiko kutanga kwekutengeserana. Resistor ye0.1% inodhura kupfuura chikamu che1%, uye network yekuwana inogadzirisa zvakananga kukanganisa kwespan. Shandisa bhajeti yako yekutsungirira pane chiratidzo chidiki, uye gamuchira zvikamu zvakasununguka padhijitari. Kugona kuyedzwa kunokoshawo. Wedzera mapoinzi ekuyedza pabridge excitation, reference, uye analog-to-digital converter input kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kugone kutarisa nhanho yega yega pasina kuongorora fine-pitch pads.
Kurongeka kwemagetsi kunotakura huremu hwakaenzana. Simba rakasimba, rakachena rinochengetedza ruzha rwekuyera rwakaderera, saka shandisa ma linear regulators echikamu che analog uye switching regulators ezvikamu zvedhijitari. Isa star grounding, nzira pfupi dzekudzoka, uye dracoupling capacitors dzakaiswa pedyo nepini yega yega yemagetsi yeIC. Chengetedza mablocks eanalog needhijitari akaparadzana munzira yechiratidzo, uye fambisa masaini pazvikamu zviri pedyo pamakona ekurudyi kuti ucheke crosstalk. Dzivisa kupindana kwemagetsi eanalog needhijitari.
Mukugadzirwa kwe mixed-signal load cell signal conditioner, kupatsanurwa kwakakodzera pakati pe analog ne digital circuitry chinhu chakakosha kuti pave nekushanda kwakavimbika.
Sarudzo yeDFM
Tengesa
Guidance
Resistor kushivirira
Kukanganisa kwemutengo uchienzaniswa nespan
Simbisa chete mu network yekuwana mari
Rudzi rwemutongi
Kushanda zvakanaka kana tichienzanisa neruzha
Linear yeanalog, kuchinja kune digital
Layer count
Mutengo uchienzaniswa neEMI containment
Magadzirirwo ezviratidzo zvesandwich zvepasi nendege dzemagetsi
Kuedzwa kwekuedzwa
Nzvimbo yebhodhi ichienzaniswa nekumhanya kwekugadzirisa dambudziko
Wedzera mapoinzi ekuyedza padanho rega rega reanalog
Kuongorora Matambudziko Ekururama
Tanga kuferefeta kwese nekuparadzanisa hardware. Bvisa load cell wotyaira chiratidzo uchishandisa signal simulator. Chiratidzo chakachena chakaedzwa chinonongedzera ku sensor kana waya. Chimwe chakakanganisika chinonongedzera kubhodhi. Danho iri rinoparadzanisa kukanganisa kwedigital weighing indicator kubva kune mechanical usati wabata calibration.
Wobva waongorora zvikonzero zvakajairika. Kuvhunduka kwechiratidzo kunobva muruzha rwemagetsi, kudedera kwemuchina, uye zvinhu zvisina kugadzikana. Gadzirisa nesimba risingatsvedzereki, kudzika kwakakodzera, kudzivirirwa kwetambo, uye kusefa kwedhijitari. Kudonha kunowanzoreva kuti hunyoro hwapinda, saka tarisa kuramba kwekudzivirira pakati pemaleads nemuviri we sensor. Ruzha rwunoenderana nekushanda kwemuchina runoratidza EMI kubva kumadhiraivha kana michina yekuwelding. Dzorera tambo kure netambo dzemagetsi uye tarisa kana paine zvimiro zvepasi. Kune kuverenga kunoramba kwakafanana asi kusina kunaka, tarisa kuramba kwebhiriji; sensor ine hutano ye350Ω inoverenga 350Ω ± 3Ω pakati pemaleads echiratidzo. Simbisa kusarudzwa kwemasero ekutakura kunokodzera huwandu, uye simbisa kuti zvinodiwa zvekururama zvinoenderana nehuremu hwekugadzirisa hwaunoshandisa. Kugadzirisa nguva dzose nehuremu hunoteverwa kunodzivirira kururama kwekuyera, uye kugadzirisa zvakare kunofanirwa kutevera kugadziriswa chero kupi. Kuongorora nekungwarira kunodzorera kururama nekukurumidza kupfuura kuchinjana zvikamu, uye zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinodzokera kumashure kune zvinyorwa zvepasi, hunyoro, kana calibration.
Kunyatsojeka kunotanga pabhiriji remaseru ekutakura zvinhu uye kumberi kweanalog. Kutarisa kweRatiometric, kuwana sarudzo yeamplifier, uye kusefa zvinochengetedza kunyatsojeka ikoko kana kurasikirwa nako. Kubhadharwa kwekupisa, kuyera, dhizaini yeEMC, uye kugadzirwa kunozivikanwa neDFM zvinodzivirira.
Sarudzo nhatu dzinonyanya kukosha. Chekutanga, tsvaga nhamba dzinoshandiswa kubva muruzha rwakayerwa, kwete kubva pakadzika kweADC bit. Chechipiri, batanidza referensi yekushandura kune bridge excitation. Chechitatu, shandisa grounding uye layout sechikamu checheni yekuyera.
Tekinoroji yekuyera zvinhu iri kufambira mberi ichienda kumasero edhijitari ane resolution yepamusoro uye masero edhijitari akangwara ane diagnostics dzakavakirwa mukati. Zviratidzo zvekuyera zvinhu zvedhijitari zvine network zvichabata zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa izvozvo. Danho rega rega rinoramba richisundira kururama uye kururama pedyo nesensor pachayo.
FAQ
Chikwata chinoongorora sei mutoro nemazvo chisati chaongororwa?
Muchina wekuratidza zviratidzo unotora nzvimbo ye load cell wotumira millivolt input inozivikanwa kumberi. Mhinduro yakachena inosimbisa kuti bhodhi rakanaka. Mhinduro isina kunaka inonongedzera kune analog chain. Matimu anofanira kutanga atarisa excitation, reference, uye converter input panzvimbo dzavo dzekuyedza. Kuona mutoro nemazvo kunoenderana nekusimbiswa kwedanho nedanho.
Sei chiratidziro chinoratidza huwandu hushoma hwakagadzikana pane zvinovimbiswa ne converter datasheet?
Kugadziriswa kwedatasheet kunongova denga chete. Ruzha runozadza mabhiti akaderera, saka kuverenga kusina ruzha kunogadzirisa huwandu hunoshandiswa. Chinoshandura mabhiti makumi maviri nemana pagain 128 chinopa mabhiti angangoita 19.1 ekugadzirisa kunoshanda. Matimu anofanira kuwana kuverenga kubva paruzha rwakayerwa pagain yakatarwa uye pasefa, kwete kubva pakuverenga mabhiti.
Chii chinokonzera kusvetuka kunopona pakugadziriswa?
Kupinda kwehunyoro, ma "thermal gradients", uye ma "ground loops" zvese zvinofambisa zero point. Kukwira kwe10 °C kunogona kushandura "load cell" isina muripo kusvika ku ±0.05% ye "full scale". Mapoka anofanira kutarisa kudzivirira kwe "insulation", kudziyisa "unit" kusvika pakupisa kwekushanda, uye kusimbisa "tare log" vasati vabata "calibration coefficients".
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinonyanya kukosha pakuisa zvinhu mumaindasitiri?
Dziviriro yekuwedzera kwesimba pakubatanidza kwekunze kwese inokosha kutanga. Ma interface ekutaurirana anotakura transients mu enclosure, saka adzivirire panzvimbo yekupinda. Chiratidzo chekuyera chedhijitari chinofanirawo kuchengetedza calibration ne checksum uye kushuma zvikanganiso. Chiratidzo chekuyera chedhijitari chinoramba chakachena kubva pabhiriji kuenda pane rimwe panel.
