Masisitimu emvura anoda magetsi anokwanisa kubata hunyoro, makemikari, uye ruzha rwemagetsi. Bhodhi rinofanira kuyera huwandu hwemakemikari uye kushandisa mapombi nemavharuvhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma aya. Nzvimbo yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yebhodhi yekutarisa hunhu hwemvura uye kudzora mavharuvhu epombi inoita kuti sisitimu yekuvhara ikwanise. Sisitimu iyoyo inodzivirira mvura nekupindura panguva chaiyo.
Gwaro iri rinotarisa pakugadzira zvishandiso zvemagetsi uye kugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi. Haritauri nezvekushanda kwemagetsi. Kuisa ma "sensing ends" ekunzwa, ma "actuator drivers", uye "control logic" paPCB imwe ndiyo hwaro. Iyi setup inotsigira kuyerwa kwakasimba uye kunoramba kuripo kwemhando yemvura uye mhinduro ye "otomatiki" ye "valve" ne "pombi". Vagadziri vanobata bhodhi se "system" imwe chete vanowana kuverenga kwakasimba uye kushanda kwakavimbika. Zvikamu zviri mberi zvinotarisa zvakanyanya kusimba kwekuona, kushanda, kutonga, uye kutengeserana kwekugadzira.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Batanidza chipikiri chega chega chemvura necheni yaro yechiratidzo kuti uwane kuverenga kwakadzikama.
Shandisa ma solid-state relay ekudzora pombi nemavharuvhu ayo anobatidza nekudzima nguva nenguva.
Gadzira nzira yekubatsira vanhu kuti vagadzirise matambudziko avo kuitira kuti hurongwa hwemvura hushande nekukurumidza kana paine shanduko mumhando yemvura.
Shandisa conformal coating uye sealed enclosures kudzivirira mapuranga.
Tarisa ma probes nenguva yakatarwa kuitira kuti data rirambe rakavimbika.
Mamiriro eSisitimu yeKugadzira Hardware
MaSensor, Actuators, uye Kudzora
Sisitimu yega yega yemvura inoenderana nezvikamu zvitatu. Masensa anounganidza ruzivo nezvemvura. MaActuator, ayo ari mapombi nemavharuvhu, anopindura ruzivo irworwo. Chigadziko chekudzora chinosunga zviviri izvi pamwe chete. Bhodhi rinogara pakati pechitenderedzo ichi, uye rinofanira kuverenga probe uye kuchinja mutoro nechivimbo chakafanana.
Mapaneru ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura anoongorora chlorine, turbidity, pH, conductivity, pressure, uye tembiricha. Kuverenga kwega kwega kunobatanidza kune yayo board-level interface. Electrochemical probes inoda high-impedance analog front ends. Turbidity sensors inowanzo tumira optical signal inoda gain uye filtering. Pressure netembiricha transducers zvinowanzo gadzira bhiriji kana digital bus. Vagadziri vanofanira kubata chiteshi chega chega sechiratidzo chavo pachinzvimbo chekusundidzira probe yega yega kuburikidza nechikamu chimwe chete chekupinda.
Basa reSCADA Systems
Masisitimu eSCADA anozviita otomatiki uye anopa vashandisi maonero akajeka. Zita racho rinomiririra kutonga kwevatariri uye kutora data, uye gadziriro yacho inopatsanurwa kuita zvikamu. Midziyo yemumunda inobata kuyerwa uye kushanda. PLCs inoshandisa logic yemuno. Masisitimu eSCADA anounganidza data, anomutsa maalarm, uye ma log trends. PCB ndiyo chinobatanidza munda nechikamu chepamusoro ichocho.
Masisitimu eSCADA ekurapa mvura haawanzo batana nemasensa asina kugadzirwa zvakananga. Anovimba nebhodhi kuti agadzirise masaini, aparadzanise nzvimbo, uye anopa hunhu hwakachena pamusoro peModbus, 4-20 mA, kana digital I/O. Kurapa mvura Masisitimu eSCADA anodawo nzira dzakavimbika dzealamu, saka kuchengetedzwa kwezviteshi zvemvura zveSCADA kunotanga nemidziyo inotaura zvikanganiso zvechokwadi. Masisitimu ekutonga eSCADA ezviteshi zvepombi ane zvinodiwa zvakafanana.
Kutarisa hakugumiri papurazi rekuchenesa. Mvura nemapurazi ekuchenesa mvura yakasviba zvinowedzera kuisa ma node akapararira kune network. PLC uye masisitimu emvura eSCADA mumagadzirirwo aya anofanira kubata mawaya marefu etambo uye malink anodonha. Saka ma node ari kure anoda kusimba, magadzirirwo emabhodhi ane simba shomaKunyatsotarisa mashandiro emagetsi uye maitiro ekurara kunoita kuti mabhatiri ashande kwemakore. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumafekitori ekuchenesa mvura ehukuru hwese.
Kutarisa Hunhu hweMvura Kumberi Kwemagumo
MaProbe Interfaces uye Signal Conditioning
Rudzi rwese rweprobe rune hunhu hwarwo hwemagetsi, saka magumo ekumberi anofanira kuenderana nerimwe nerimwe. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza sarudzo dzakajairika dzeinterface dzema parameter mashanu makuru.
Probe | Sarudzo Dzakajairika dzeInterface | Notes |
|---|---|---|
pH | RS485/Modbus (IP68 field units); analog yeindasitiri; Gravity | RS485 inoshanda zvakanaka kune masisitimu ekunze ane maparameter akawanda; analog inoshanda pakutarisa nguva dzose; Gravity inoshanda pakugadzira maprototyping |
ORP | Analogi yemuindasitiri; IP68 RS485/Modbus | RS485 inotsigira kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa mumunda |
Kufambisa kwemhepo (EC) | RS485 (K=1, K=10); analogi yemhando yelabhoritari; analogi yeindasitiri | K=1 yemvura yose; K=10 yemvura ine simba guru rekufambisa mvura yakaita semvura yakasviba uye concentrates |
Yakanyungudutswa Oxygen | RS485 (yakavakirwa pa fluorescence) | Mvura yakachena nemvura yegungwa iripo |
Turbidity | RS485 (yemaindasitiri) | Inoshanda ne pH, EC, uye DO munzvimbo dzakaparadzirwa |
RS485/Modbus ndiyo sarudzo yakanakisisa yekushandisa tambo refu uye kupatsanurana. Nzira dzeanalog dzichiri nemusoro kana mugadziri achida kudzora zvakanyanya pakusefa nekuwedzera. 16-bit ADC kana zviri nani inochengetedza resolution mushure mekuwedzerwa. Kubhadharwa kwetembiricha ndekwebhodhi rimwe chete, nekuti pH, conductivity, uye DO readings zvese zvinochinja netembiricha. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kubatanidza analog channel yega yega neNTC thermistor kana digital temperature sensor uye kushandisa real-time correction.
Dhizaini uye Kuzviparadzanisa Kwemhando Yepamusoro
Maelectrode epH neORP anoshanda semasource emagetsi asina simba. Kupindirana kwawo kwemagetsi kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinogona kuitwa nemaop-amps akajairwa. Saka dhizaini yemberi inotanga nekusarudza op-amp. Mhando dzeJFET kana CMOS dzekupinda dzine femtoampere-level input bias current dzinodzivirira sensor current kuti isapinde muamplifier.
Kuchengetedza kunoshandura pfungwa iyoyo kuita mutemo wekuronga. Ringi yemuchengeti inokomberedza node yega yega ine high-impedance uye inobatanidza nenzvimbo ine low-impedance ine simba rakafanana, kazhinji op-amp output. Muchengeti anonwisa mvura inobuda kubva pamitsetse iri pedyo. Chengeta guard iri mukati me1 mV kubva pa node ine guarded kuti ichengetedze kudonha kuri pasi pe1 pA ine 1000-MΩ leakage resistance. Ma op-amps emazuva ano ane low-offset anosangana nehwindo iroro. Isa ma guard kumativi ese ePCB ezvikamu zvine maburi uye uzvisone nema vias akati wandei. Gadzira ma guard kubva pakutanga, sezvo asingazowedzerwi gare gare.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsigira dzinopedzisa chikamu chekutanga:
Sarudza machira epurasitiki ane CTI pamusoro pe400 V, uye sarudza zvinhu zvisina hunyoro hwakanyanya zvakaita sepolyimide, PTFE, kana FR4 yepamusoro.
Isa chifukidziro chakafanana ne epoxy, silicone, kana parylene kuti usimbise kuputira pamusoro.
Shandisa star grounding kuti uchengetedze analog ground yakasiyana nedigital uye power ground.
Wedzera zvivharo zvakachengetedzwa panzvimbo dzinonzwisisika dzeanalog.
Ipa nzvimbo dzekuyedza kuti uone kana kudzivirira kuputira uye kuti kudzivirira kuputira pamusoro pechinhu kunoratidza sei.
Kupatsanurwa kweGalvanic kunopwanya zvishwe zvepasi pakati pemaprobe nebhodhi rekudzora. Inodzivirirawo magetsi anonzwa kubva kumafungu emagetsi munzvimbo dzakanyorova. Zvidziviriro zvedhijitari kana maamplifiers ekudzivirira ari pachiteshi chega chega cheprobe zvinodzivirira kukanganisa kwepasi kamwe chete kuti kusakanganisa kuverenga kwega kwega.
Masensa emagetsi anoda kugadziriswa asati apa data rakavimbika. Maelectrode epH neORP anoda nguva yekupolarization mushure mekugadziriswa, uye firmware inofanira kuregeredza kuverenga kusvika electrode yagadzikana. Mapurobhu eoxygen akanyungudutswa akavakirwa pa fluorescence anodawo kudzokororwa kwekudziya.
Manodhi ari kure haakwanise kuyedza ari nesimba rakazara nguva dzese. Purogiramu inodzokororwa nebasa inomutsa ADC, inotora kuverenga kwakawanda, uye inodzokera kurara. Nzira iyi inotsigira kuyerwa kwehunhu hwemvura nguva dzose panguva yakareba ukuwo ichichengetedza avhareji yemagetsi ari pasi. Kunyatsotarisa magetsi ekurara nenguva yekudziya kwemasensa zvinosarudza hupenyu hwebhatiri. Matimu anogadzirisa ese anowana kutariswa kwakarurama uye kunoramba kuripo mumwaka wese.
Mapombi Ekutyaira uye Mavharuvhu ESolenoid
Kugadziriswa kweRelay vs. MOSFET
Mutyairi we actuator ndiye anosarudza kuti bhodhi rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei mumunda. Electromechanical relay dzinodhura zvishoma payuniti imwe neimwe uye dzinoshanda zvakanaka pakuchinja kuri nyore, kusingawanzoitiki. Kubatana kwadzo kunopera nekuda kwekukweva kwemhepo nekukukurwa kwemhepo, uye hunyoro, guruva, uye ngura zvinodzipwanya nekufamba kwenguva. Solid-state relay dzakavakirwa paMOSFET hadzina zvikamu zvinofamba. Dzinochinja chinyararire, dzinomhanya nekukurumidza, uye dzinomira zvakanaka kana kudengenyeka, guruva, uye hunyoro.
Magadzirirwo eSSR akavakirwa paMOSFET anosanganisira macircuit ekudzivirira kupisa akavakirwa mukati uye anopindura zvikanganiso ega, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hwekushanda huwedzere zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nemagetsi ekare. Nzira dzekuyedza dzinosanganisira kuyedza kudzivirirwa kwesimba remagetsi kusvika ku8kV uye kuyedza kudzivirirwa kwesimba remagetsi pa10–2000 Hz, nehupenyu hwemazuva ano hunopfuura mamiriyoni zana ekushanda—zvichiratidza hupenyu hwekushanda hwakareba ka10 pane dzimwe nzira dzemagetsi.
Paunhu
Electromagnetic Relays
MaSolid-State Relays (akavakirwa paMOSFET)
Avhareji yehupenyu hwemunhu (mashandiro)
~100,000 yemagetsi / ~1,000,000 yemakanika
100,000,000 +
Kuongororwa kwekuvimbika
Dzakaderera nekuda kwekupfekwa kwemakanika
Yakakwira nekuda kwekusava nezvikamu zvinofamba
Ruzha / kudedera / EMI
Ruzha runonzwika; runogona kupfekwa nyore nyore; runogona kuburitsa EMI kubva kuma coils/sparks
Kunyarara; kuvimbika kwekutenderera kwakanyanya; EMI shoma
Mutengo wepamberi
Mutengo wakaderera wekutenga
Mari yekutanga yakakwira
Kukodzera kwakaoma kwezvakatipoteredza
Yakasimba asi inodonha nekuda kwehunyoro, guruva, uye ngura
Kuramba kuri nani kukundwa nekudengenyeka, guruva, uye hunyoro
MaSSR anowedzera kupisa uye anowanzoda ma heat sinks, izvo zvinoita kuti zvivharo zvidiki zviome kuvaka. Mugadziri wekuenzanisa mapombi anofanirwa kufananidza sarudzo ne duty cycle. Kuiswa kwema cycle akawanda, kugadzirisa kushoma kunotsigira mutengo wakakwira wekutanga weSSR. Mapurojekiti asina bhajeti rakawanda uye anoshandiswa zvishoma achiri kukodzera mechanical relay.
EMI uye Kudzvinyirirwa Kwenguva Pfupi
Inductive loads inochengeta simba mumunda wemagineti. Kana switch yavhurwa, munda unodonha unotumira reverse-polarity spike kuenda kumutyairi. Flyback diode iri pamusoro pe coil inopa simba iroro nzira yekuramba yakaderera. Diode iyi inosunga voltage ye coil kusvika yadonha mberi, uye simba rakachengetwa rinopera sekupisa kuri mu winding. Isa diode iri pamusoro pe coil, reverse-biased kune supply, pedyo ne inductor sezvaunokwanisa. Schottky uye fast-recovery types dzinoshanda kune low-voltage kana fast-switching cases.
Dziviriro yekudzoka kwemhepo chete haidziviriri kukanganiswa kwese. Mota nema solenoids zvinotumira ruzha mumhepo uye kuburikidza newaya mumigwagwa yemagetsi neyemagetsi. Matanho anoshanda ekudzivirira anosanganisira:
Kugadzika kwenzvimbo imwe chete, nzvimbo dzakawanda, kana kuti hybrid kunosarudzwa zvichienderana nekushanda kwenguva refu.
Zvipingamupinyi zvesimbi zvinodzivirira kubatana kwemwaranzi.
Kusefa pamagetsi, masaini, uye mitsetse yekudzora.
Capacitor yeceramic ine simba re100 pF kusvika 100 nF pamusoro pematerminal emota, yakaiswa pedyo nemota.
Zvinodzvinyirira kukwira kwesimba panzvimbo inoiswa zvinhu zvinofambiswa nekubatana kwakasimba.
Kunzwa kwehuwandu hwemvura kunovhara actuation loop. Maswichi ekuyangarara, ma capacitive probes, uye ma pressure transducers anopa logic imwecheteyo inotyaira pombi. Firmware inofanira kuburitsa pachena ma level inputs uye kusimbisa nguva shoma yekuzorora pakati pekutanga, izvo zvinoderedza inrush current uye zvinodzivirira mashandiro epombi.
Kubatanidzwa kweKutonga uye Kutaurirana
Mhinduro yeBhodhi yeLoop Yakavharika
Nzira yekubatsira inoshandura kuverenga kuita basa pasina kumirira munhu ari kure. Nzira yekutonga inotarisa kukosha kwesensa yega yega zvichienderana nemuganhu wakatarwa. Kana kuverenga kwepH kukaderera, kunokonzera dose kubva kuma chemical feed systems. Kudonha kwemazinga ekupinda kunotanga pombi. Bhodhi rinomhanyisa nzira iyi mu firmware, saka nguva yekupindura inotevera kutenderera kwesampuru, kwete network.
Kuverengwa kwemuchina wekufambisa mvura nemunyu zvinoda nzvimbo dzazvo dzekuenda nadzo. Kana muchina wekufambisa mvura ukapfuura muganho wakatarwa, bhodhi rinoridza alarm kana kuvhara vharuvhu kuti riparadzanise chikamu chakakanganiswa. Vashandi vanobva vatanga kuona matambudziko emhando yemvura, uye kutarisa hunhu hwemvura kunoenderera mberi panguva yese yechiitiko ichi. Pfungwa imwecheteyo inotsigira kudzora kudya kwemakemikari, uko kuyera kunotevera kudiwa kwakayerwa.
Kubatana neSCADA Systems
Bhodhi rinoshuma kumusoro kune masisitimu eSCADA uye rinobvuma mirairo kubva kwavari. Ma interfaces akajairwa anofukidza mawebhusaiti mazhinji.
Protocol / Interface | chikamu |
|---|---|
0/4–20 mA analog output | Chinotenderera chemazuva ano cheanalog |
Ethernet/IP | Industrial Ethernet |
Modbus | Nzira yeSerial/fieldbus |
PROFIBUS | fieldbus |
PROFINET | Industrial Ethernet |
Mapombi maviri akazvimiririra e4-20 mA anobuda anotendera kudzora kwakaringana kwemapombi ekuyera kana mavharuvhu ane mota. Modbus RTU neModbus pamusoro peEthernet link HMIs uye loop hardware. ASCII serial neProfibus zvinoonekwa pamamodule ekunyora data. Sarudzo idzi dzinobvumira panel kubatana nechero masisitimu escada ekurapa mvura.
Field plc dzinoshandisa logic yemuno, uye masisitimu escada anounganidza mafambiro ari pamusoro pawo. Mumasisitimu emvura eplc nescada, mabhodhi anoongorora waya uye hierarchy iyoyo. Zvivakwa zvekurapa mvura zvinoenderana ne stack imwe chete, uye SCADHA alarm management water plants kuvimba kunotanga nekutaura chokwadi nezvekukanganisa. Vashandi vanoisa starts, stops, uye setpoints pakati, nepo kudzora michina kuchiramba kuri munharaunda. Kutarisa maitiro, kutarisa nguva chaiyo, uye kutarisa nguva dzose kwehunhu hwemvura zvese zvinoenderana nedata rakachena. Masisitimu ekutonga eScada ezviteshi zvepombi anoda mhinduro yekukurumidza yevharuvhu uye network dzakakamurwa. MaPlc anobata interlocks, uye masisitimu escada anonyora zviitiko panguva imwe chete yakagovaniswa. Kutarisa kwechipiri masisitimu emvura eplc nescada kunoratidza maitiro akafanana: masisitimu escada anosundidzira zviziviso, uye puratifomu inochengetedza nzira yekuongorora.
Kugadzira uye Kuvimbika
Dziviriro yeKuora uye Makomba
Hunyoro, mhute yemunyu, uye mushonga wekupfapfaidza zvinotanga kurwisa bhodhi pazuva rekutanga mumunda. Kuputira kwakabatana kunodzivirira PCB pachayo, uye chivharo chakavharwa chinodzivirira mudziyo wese. Vagadziri vanofanira kushandisa zvese kana mamiriro ekunze akaoma. Sarudzo yekuputira inoenderana nemakemikari enzvimbo yacho.
Coating Type | Dziviriro yeHunyoro/Kuora | Kiyi Simba | Kubvumirana Kwakafanana | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Acrylic | eresera | Zviri nyore kushandisa uye kushanda zvakare | Kudzika kwemakemikari kushorwa | Dziviriro yezvinangwa zvakajairika |
silicone | Kugona | Inochinjika uye inobata tembiricha | Inogona kuungana pamwe chete pamhando dzakaoma | Magungano ekupisa kwakanyanya |
Urethane | Kugona | Inodzivirira makemikari uye kukwesha | Zvakaoma kugadzirisa patsva | Nzvimbo dzine makemikari anotyisa |
Epoxy | High | Inogara kwenguva refu uye inodzivirira makemikari | Yakaoma uye yakaoma kubvisa | High-stress environments |
Parylene | Excellent | Kufukidzwa kwakatetepa zvikuru, kusina maburi | Inoda kuiswa kwemhepo | Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvidiki uye zvakavimbika zvakanyanya |
Kuyera kwenzvimbo dzakavharirwa ndiko kunodzivirira kwechipiri. Imba yeIP66 inochengetedza guruva nemajeti emvura akasimba. Imba yeIP67 inorarama kwenguva pfupi iri pasi pemvura kusvika mita imwe. Imba yeIP68 inoshanda kwenguva refu yekunyudzwa mumvura yakadzika. Zvisungo zvakavharwa zvinofanirwa kuenderana nechiyero cheimba, kana kuti mvura inopinda nepagedhi retambo.
Zvipingamupinyi zveDFM uye Kuchinjana
Bhodhi rine zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana rine zviratidzo zve analog zvine impedance yakakwira padivi pemadhiraivha emagetsi ane simba guru. Vagadziri vemagetsi vanoda nzvimbo yakakura yekuzviparadzanisa pakati penzvimbo idzodzo. Mitemo yekubvisa magetsi inokura kana mutyairi achichinja pombi pamagetsi makuru. Kurerutswa kwemafuta emutyairi kunoshandisawo nzvimbo yemhangura iyo chikamu che analog chaizoda.
Kuongororwa kunowedzera kuoma kana nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzichigovana substrate imwe chete. Migumo yekumberi kweprobe inoda nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzekuyedza uye nzira yekutarisa kudzivirira kudziya mushure mekupetwa. Vatyairi vanoda maprobe aripo uye macoupon ekupisa. Mapoka anofanira kuchengetedza ma test pads asati aita chando, nekuti pendi nemidziyo yekubikira zvinovanza gare gare.
Mabhodhi akaiswa pabasa anoda kugadzikiswa kwakasimba uye kuvimbika . Kugadzikiswa kweprobe ye multiparameter kunofanirwa kuitika kanenge kamwe chete pamavhiki maviri ega ega nemhinduro dzakajairwa dzinoteverwa. Kugadzikiswazve kunoitwa mwedzi miviri yega yega pasi pemitemo yekusimbisa hunhu. Kuongororwa kunoitika mushure memamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, biofouling yakanyanya, kana kudonha mu data. Kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira kunofukidza kuchenesa sensor, kutsiva membrane ne electrolyte, uye kuongororwa kweconnector. Maitiro akajairwa enguva yekudziya, kutarisa kugadzikana, uye magwaro ekugadzirisa anoramba achitarisa data richiteverwa mungarava dzese.
Mapango matatu ebhodhi anotsigira dhizaini yega yega sisitimu yemvura. Magumo ekumberi anonzwa akasimba anochengetedza pH, ORP, conductivity, uye turbidity readings zvakagadzikana. Vatyairi ve actuator vakavimbika vanochinja mapombi nemavharuvhu pasina kukundikana. Kubatanidzwa kwekutonga kwakanaka kunobatanidza kunzwa uye kushanda mudenderedzwa rimwe chete. Mapoka anobata mapingo aya sesisitimu imwe chete anowana mhedzisiro yakavimbika.
Kuchengetedza mvura kunotanga nemaPCB akagadzirwa zvakanaka. Bhodhi rakasimba rinobvumira kugara uchitarisa hunhu hwemvura uye kupindura nekukurumidza kwepombi nemavharuvhu. Rinotumirawo data rakachena kumasystem escada uye rinoita kuti kutonga kwenzvimbo kurambe kuri nekukurumidza.
Mapoka emidziyo yemagetsi anofanira kuyera mashandiro, kuvimbika, uye miganhu yeDFM . Kurongeka kwakanyatsogadzirwa, kupatsanurwa, uye kuputirwa kunoita kuti chizvarwa chinotevera chemhando yemvura uye chekutarisa magetsi chikwanise.
FAQ
Bhodhi rinochengetedza sei kuverenga kwepH neORP kwakagadzikana panguva yakareba?
Mugadziri anofanira kutanga neJFET kana CMOS op-amp ine femtoampere-level input bias current. Ring yeguard inofanira kutenderera node yega yega ine high-impedance uye igare mukati me1 mV kubva panode iyoyo. Kuvhara kwakabatana uye kudzika kwenyeredzi zvinozobatsira kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura. Firmware inofanirawo kusvetuka kuverenga kusvika electrode yapedza kupatsanurana mushure mekuiisa pamagetsi.
Chikwata chinofanira kusarudza rini MOSFET solid-state relay pane mechanical relay?
Chikwata chinofanira kusarudza solid-state relay panzvimbo dzinoshanda kwenguva refu uye dzisingagadziriswi zvakanyanya. Zvikamu izvi zvinoratidza hupenyu hwenguva dzinopfuura 100,000,000 mashandiro, kanenge kagumi kupfuura sarudzo yemakanika. Mechanical relay ichiri kushanda kumapurojekiti asina mari yakawanda uye asingashandiswi zvakanyanya. Chero zvazvingava, flyback diode inofanira kuyambuka coil kuti isunge inductive spike.
Ndezvipi zvinobatanidza bhodhi rekutarisa kune masisitimu eSCADA?
Nzvimbo zhinji dzinoshandisa ma "analog outputs" e4-20 mA, Modbus RTU, kana Modbus pamusoro peEthernet. Ma "outputs" maviri akazvimiririra e4-20 mA anobvumira kudzora kwakaringana kwema "metering pombi" nema "motorized valves". Sarudzo idzi dzinobvumira panel kubatana nechero system ye "scada" yekuchenesa mvura. Makambani emunharaunda anochengetedza ma "interlocks" nekukurumidza, uye ma "scada systems" anonyora zviitiko pamusoro pawo.
Kugadzirisa kupi kunoita kuti mabhodhi akashandiswa arambe akavimbika?
Mapoka anofanira kugadzirisa ma "multiparameter probes" kanenge kamwe chete pamavhiki maviri ega ega achishandisa nzira dzakajairwa dzinoteverwa. Kugadzirisazve kunoitika mwedzi miviri yega yega pasi pemitemo yekusimbisa hunhu. Kuongororwa kunoitwa nezviitiko kunotevera mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa kana kudonha kwedata. Basa rekudzivirira rinofukidza kuchenesa masensa, kutsiva membrane, uye kuongororwa kweconnector. Zvinyorwa zvekudziya uye kugadzikana zvinochengetedza data richiteverwa muzvikepe zvese.
