Sisitimu yekunzwa magasi akawanda uye yekuyambira ipuratifomu yehardware ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekunzwa. Inoramba ichitarisa magasi akawanda uye inoisa maalamu pamiganhu yakatarwa. Funga nezvegadziriro yemagasi mana inotevedza nzira idzi:
Okisijeni (O₂), ine okisijeni shoma iri pasi pe19.5%
Zvinobvira (LEL), zvine alarm yakaderera pa20% LEL uye alarm yakakwira pa50% LEL
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), ine muganho wedenga re10 ppm
Carbon monoxide (CO), ine muganho wekusvibiswa kwe35 ppm
Chinoongorora gasi rimwe chete chinokanganwa njodzi dzakawanda idzi. Zvishandiso zvakagadziriswa uye zvinotakurika zvinoongorora gasi rakawanda zvine matambudziko akafanana. Unofanira kuva nyanzvi yehunyanzvi hwekuona, cheni yezviratidzo, logic yealarm, uye kutengeserana kwekugadzira kuti ugadzire masisitimu ekuona gasi akavimbika uye alarm.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Sisitimu ine magasi akawanda ine zvikamu zvikuru zvina : masensa, signal conditioning, microcontroller, uye alarm output. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kushanda zvakanaka kuti sisitimu ive yakavimbika.
Sarudza sensor yakakodzera yega yega gasi. Masensa emagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka pamagasi ane chepfu. Masensa eCatalytic anoshanda zvakanaka pamagasi anobvira. Masensa eNDIR haashandise makemikari.
Gadzirisa nguva nenguva uye gadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro. Izvi zvinoderedza maalamu enhema uye zvinoita kuti kuverenga kuve kwakarurama.
Isa maaramu anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza. Wedzera hysteresis uye kuvharika kuti alarm isataure uye ita shuwa kuti alarm dzakakosha dzagamuchirwa.
Kune magadzirirwo anoshandisa bhatiri, enzanisa nguva yebasa uye nguva yekupindura. Hwindo pfupi rinochengetedza simba, asi rinofanira kunge rakareba kupfuura nguva yekupisa yesensor.
Magadzirirwo eSisitimu Yekuona Magasi Akawanda
Sisitimu yega yega ye multi-gas sensor yakavakirwa pamabhuroko mana makuru. Sensor array inobata nzira dzakasiyana. Danho rekugadziridza rinoshandura ma sensor currents madiki kuita ma voltage aunogona kushandisa. MCU inoshandura ma voltage iwayo kuita gas concentrations uye inoita alarm logic. Danho rekubuda rinotyaira buzzers, relay, uye status LEDs. Unofanira kutevedzera block yega yega secheni, nekuti imwe chete isina simba chero kupi inoganhurira platform yese ye multi-gas sensing.
Sensor Array uye Signal Conditioning
Masero emagetsi ari mu multi-gas sensor output currents mu pA-to-µA range. Transimpedance amplifier inoshandura current iyoyo kuita voltage, uye gain stage inoikwidza kusvika kune input range ye MCU. Chengeta feedback resistor iri pedyo ne amplifier uye chengetedza ma input traces kuti asadonhe. Bias uye warm-up sequencing zvine basa rakafanana. Biased sensors inoda maawa matanhatu kana kupfuura e warm-up mushure mekuiswa, kusvika baseline yagadzikana zvakakwana kuti igadziriswe. Counter electrode potential inodonha ne electrolyte, tembiricha, humidity, uye storage, saka ion equilibrium inotora maawa akati wandei.
kudiwa | Kukosha kwakajairika kana nhungamiro |
|---|---|
Kudziisa mushure mekuiswa | Maawa angangoita matanhatu kana kupfuura, kusvika nguva yekutanga yagadzikana |
Bias voltage | Ipa kukosha kwakakodzera kwesensa yega yega |
Rusaruro kana rwadzimwa | Chengeta ichishandiswa kudzivirira kudziya usati washandisa imwe neimwe |
Voltage yepamusoro yerusarura | Zvinoda nguva yakareba yekudzikamisa |
Cheni yeChiratidzo cheSisitimu yeSensor yeGasi Rakawanda
Sensor yemagasi akawanda ine gasi ina inosanganisa okisijeni, zvinobatidza moto, hydrogen sulfide, uye nzira dzecarbon monoxide. Sisitimu yekuona magasi matatu inodonhedza chiteshi chimwe chete, kazhinji okisijeni. Sisitimu yekuona magasi akawanda inotakurika kana kuti isina gasi yakasiyana zvakanyanya mubhajeti yemagetsi uye nzvimbo yakavharirwa. Chinotakurwa chinotakurwa chinoona magasi akawanda chinoshanda pabhatiri uye masampuli mumabasa. Sisitimu yekuchengetedza magasi akawanda inoshanda nguva dzose kubva pamagetsi makuru. Dzese dzine cheni imwe chete yechiratidzo, saka unogona kushandisa zvakare dhizaini yekutonhodza uye yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Tekinoroji yeSensor yeGasi uye Kubatanidzwa
Sensor yaunosarudza inoumba bhodhi rako kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu. Tekinoroji yega yega ine huwandu hwayo hwezvinobuda, zvinodiwa ne bias, nguva yekudziya, uye cross-sensitivity profile. Kutanga batanidza sensor negasi raunoda, wobva wagadzira conditioner uye enclosure yakaipoteredza.
Sensors dzeElectrochemical, Catalytic, uye MOS
Masero emagetsi anoshanda zvakanaka pamagasi ane chepfu akadai secarbon monoxide nehydrogen sulfide. Anoburitsa mafungu madiki, anoda biasure yakasimba, uye anotora nguva yakareba achidziya asati adzikama. Masero eCatalytic bead anoyera magasi anobvira sechikamu cheLEL. Anomhanya achipisa, anoshandisa simba rakawanda, uye anoda bead reference kuti awane tembiricha. Masero eMOS akachipa uye anonzwa, asi anotsvedza uye anopindura kumagasi akawanda panguva imwe chete. Masero eNDIR anoverenga mamorekuru kuburikidza nekunyudzwa kweinfrared uye anodzivisa kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvachose.
Technology | goho | Kusarura kunodiwa | Dziisa | Kunzwa kwemuchinjikwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Electrochemical | pA–µA current | Ehe | Maawa | eresera |
Catalytic bead | Kuchinja kwekuramba | Aihwa | maminitsi | Inopindura kune zvinobvira zvakawanda |
MOS | Kuchinja kwekuramba | Kupa hita | maminitsi | High |
NDIR | Kusimba kwemaziso | Aihwa | pfupi | Low |
Kunzwa kwemagetsi akasiyana-siyana ndiyo njodzi huru mune chero sisitimu yemagetsi ine gasi rakawanda. Gasi risiri iro rinogona kutyaira electrode uye kukonzera kuverenga kwenhema. Ma sensor eCO eindasitiri akajairwa anoita zvinoenderana nehydrogen: 100 ppm yeH2 inogona kukonzera kuverenga kwenhema kweCO ye40 ppm. Munzvimbo dzinochaja mabhatiri, huwandu hwehydrogen hunosvika mazana akati wandei ppm uye hunogona kukonzera maalamu enhema kana pasina carbon monoxide.
Kunzwa kwemuchina wemagetsi (cross-sensitivity) kunoitika kana gasi risiri gasi riri kutariswa richigona kukanganisa kuverenga kunopiwa ne electrochemical sensor, zvichiita kuti electrode iite chimwe chinhu kunyangwe gasi raunoda risavapo, kana kuti riite kuti pave nekuverengwa kusina kururama uye/kana kuti alarm.
Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti izvi zvinosvika papi. Sensor yeCO inoratidza mhinduro ye20% kuH2 uye mhinduro ye1% kuH2S. Sensor yeH2S inoratidza mhinduro ye5% kuCO, mhinduro ye20% kuH2, uye mhinduro ye300% kuHCl. Sarudza masensor ane mhinduro shoma yemusanganiswa waunotarisira, uye wedzera kusefa mufirmware.
Dhizaini yeSisitimu yeSensor yeMid-Infrared Multi-Gas
Sisitimu yekunzwa magasi akawanda yepakati peinfrared inoshandisa kunyudzwa kwakasimba kwemamorekuru madiki ari munzvimbo yeminwe yepakati peIR. Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy inopa mitsetse yakasimba kupfuura near-IR overtone bands, saka unogona kuona magasi kusvika pamazinga eppm-ppb. Kubatanidza masource epakati peIR akamanikana nemasero akawanda kunoita kuti munhu asarudze zviri pasi pe10 ppb kunyangwe mumamatrices akaomarara. Nzira iyi inotsigira CO, CO2 neCH4 sensing pabhenji rimwe chete re optical.
Miganhu yekuona ma detector eCO, CO2 neCH4 inoenderana nemaitiro ekushanda. Kushanda kwe static kunosvika 2.96 ppmv yeCO, 4.54 ppmv yeCO2, uye 2.84 ppmv yeCH4. Kushanda kwe dynamic kunoita kuti izvi zvisanyanya kuomarara kusvika pa8.83, 8.69, uye 10.29 ppmv. Dhizaini yekuskena inopedzisa kuonekwa kweCO, CO2 neCH4 mumasekonzi gumi, pamasekondi maviri pagasi. Madhizaini eNDIR ebhodhi anodhonza angangoita 30 mW uye anopindura mumasekonzi angangoita gumi kusvika gumi nemana, pasi pe350 kusvika 400 mW yeMEMS yekare nemayuniti maviri. Simba diki iroro rinoita kuti kuonekwa kwegasi rakawanda kushande pamabhodhi anoshandisa bhatiri.
Kubatanidzwa kuchiri kukuganhurira. Chengeta masokisi e sensor kure nezvinodziya uye avhare guruva. Nzira dzekufema dzinofanira kutendera gasi kusvika kune yega sero pasina kupinza mvura. Dzorera mugomba re optical re multi-gas sensor kure nekugonya kana kudedera.
Kugadziriswa kweSignali muMasisitimu Ekuona Gasi Rakawanda
Voltage ye sensor isina kugadzirwa hairevi chinhu kusvika firmware yachinja kuita concentration. Unoshandura channel yega yega ne calibration curve , wobva wagadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro, wobva waenzanisa mhedzisiro ne alarm limits. Danho rino rinosarudza kana multi-gas sensor yako ichitaura chokwadi.
Kuenzanisa uye Kubhadharisa Kunzwa Kwemusana
Tanga nekuyera zero mumhepo yakachena kuti ugadzire hwaro hwekutanga. Wobva wabatanidza chivharo chekugadzirisa woisa span gas padanho rekuyerera kwemugadziri (kazhinji 0.5–1.0 L/min). Gadzirisa kuverenga kusvika pakuwanda kunozivikanwa. Span gas inowanzova pa25–50% yehuwandu hwakazara. Nyora pasi chiitiko chega chega: zuva, detector ID, rudzi rwegasi nenhamba yelot, zero nekuverenga span, pass/fail, technician, uye zuva rinotevera rekupedzisira. Kuyedzwa kwebump ndekwezuva rega rega risati rashandiswa, nekuyera zvizere kanenge mwedzi gumi nemiviri yega yega. Chengeta zvinyorwa zvinoteverwa neOSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 uye EPA Traceability Protocol.
Tembiricha nehunyoro zvinoshandura kubuda kwesensa yega yega. Gadzira modhi yekutsiva inotora chiratidzo chisina kujeka pamwe nekuverenga tembiricha uye inodzosera kukosha kwakakodzera. Tafura yekutsvaga ine mapoinzi akasanganiswa inoshanda zvakanaka, uye polynomial yakagadziridzwa inokodzera macurve akatsetseka. Macurve akajairwa haana kukwana - zvinoenderana netembiricha zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemodhi, gasi rakatarwa, batch, uye kukwegura.
Kuonekwa | Electrochemical sensors | MOS sensors |
|---|---|---|
Temperature effect | Mwero wekuita kwemuviri unochinja; galvanic O2 cell inodonha ne10% kubva pa +20°C kusvika -20°C, H2 sensor inenge 80% | Kufamba kwemvura kunowanzo pfuura ±30%, zvichiita kuti kunyatsoita zvinhu zvakanyanya kuve kusingabviri |
Muripo nzira | Equation yequadratic kana cubic iri pa normalized temperature coefficient | Equation yequadratic kana tafura yekutsvaga, zvakanaka payuniti imwe neimwe |
Kuganhurirwa | Kazhinji zvinobudirira | Kupararira kweyuniti-ku-yuniti kunokunda fomura yakabatana |
Bata hunyoro zvakasiyana. Zvinokanganisa kuenzana kwemvura ye electrolyte uye kuumbwa kwayo, kwete reaction kinetics. Modhi ine mativi akawanda inoshandisa chiratidzo chisina kujeka, tembiricha, uye hunyoro inobata kudyidzana kwacho zvakanakisisa.
Zvikumbaridzo zveAlarm uye Output Drive
Isa miganhu kubva panjodzi, kwete kubva pakugona kwesensa. Kune zvinobvira moto, shandisa 20% LEL sealamu yakaderera yefactory uye 50% LEL senzvimbo yakakwirira, uchichengetedza mukana wakakura usati wabatidzwa. Maaramu eokisijeni pa19.5% uye 23.5% nevhoriyamu. Maaramu ecarbon monoxide pa35 ppm yakaderera uye 70 ppm yakakwirira, ne35 ppm TWA uye 200 ppm STEL. Maaramu ehydrogen sulfide pa10 ppm yakaderera uye 20 ppm yakakwirira, ne10 ppm TWA uye 15 ppm STEL.
Wedzera hysteresis kune ese maburi kuitira kuti kuverenga kuri pamuganhu kusaite ruzha rwebuzzer. Bata maalarm akakosha kusvika mushandi aaziva. Dhonza buzzer kuburikidza ne transistor ine flyback diode, uye dhiraivha relay nenzira imwecheteyo. Tarisa coil current zvichienderana nerating yemutyairi usati waisa bhodhi.
Kufunga Nezvekugadzira Kutarisa Magasi Akawanda
Simba, Kutevedzera Mutemo, uye Zvipingamupinyi zveDFM
Magadzirirwo anoshandisa bhatiri anobudirira kana kuti anokundikana zvichienderana nehurongwa hwesampuli. Avhareji yesimba inotevera kutenderera kwebasa zvakananga. Figaro TGS 26XX yeceramic inomhanya ne0.8% yekushanda mumaminitsi gumi inodhonza avhareji yemagetsi mashoma kwazvo. Chinonyanya kukosha ichikamu chinoshanda. Inofanira kunge yakareba kupfuura nguva yekupisa yeheater, inenge masekondi matatu ezvikamu zveceramic, saka hwindo rinoshanda remasekondi mashanu rinoshanda. Zvikamu zveMEMS zvakaita seMiCS-5525 zvinobata 20–60% yekushanda kwemabasa ne 0.5–1.5 s periods, uye 30% pa 0.5 s inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Kana ukasundira nguva kubva pa 0.5 s kusvika 1.5 s, muganho wekuona unokwira.
Kutenderera kwebasa / nguva | Sensor mhando | Simba remagetsi | Mhedzisiro yenguva yekupindura |
|---|---|---|---|
0.8% mumaminitsi gumi (~ masekondi mashanu ari kushanda) | Ceramic TGS 26XX | Simba repakati rakaderera kwazvo | Chikamu chekushanda chinofanira kudarika ~ 3 s nguva yekupisa isingachinji |
20–60%, 0.5–1.5 s nguva (30% pa 0.5 s yakanakisisa) | MEMS MiCS-5525 | Basa repamusoro, simba repakati nepakati rakakwirira | Muganho wekuona wakawedzerwa kwenguva yakareba |
10% mumaminitsi gumi | MOX (kufanotaura kweCO) | Simba rakachengetedzwa kusvika ku90% | Kukanganisa kwakakwira kusvika pa2 |
Kubvira | MOX (kufanotaura kweCO) | Simba rakaderera | Kukanganisa kwakawedzera ne5× |
Pazvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa bhatiri, "simba shoma" rinofanira kutongwa nehurongwa hwese hwekushanda—kwete nenhamba imwe chete yeheater. Duty cycle, warm-up strategy uye sampling interval zvese zvine basa.
Kutevedzera mitemo kunogadzirawo bhodhi . EN 50291:2010 inovhara midziyo yemagetsi yekuona carbon monoxide mudzimba. UL 2034 inovhara maalarm ecarbon monoxide emunzvimbo imwe chete kana akawanda. Mayunitsi akanyorwa anofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa panguva yekupindura pamazinga akasiyana eCO2 uye kudzivirira maalarm anonetsa kubva kumhepo dzisiri dzeCO2. Gadzira firmware yako yekuona gasi uye firita zvichienderana nemiganhu iyi nekukurumidza, kwete mushure mekurongwa.
Kuvimbika uye Kubatanidzwa kweSisitimu
Kufefetera kunoita kuti sensor yako ine gasi rakawanda ione gasi zvachose. Rongedza maburi enzvimbo dzakavharirwa zvakananga nenzvimbo dze sensor, tarisa chiteshi chega chega chekunzwa uchienda kumaburi, uye chengeta nzvimbo yakatenderedza sero rega rega. Kuyerera kwemhepo kwakavharika kunoderedza kupindura uye kururama. Isa masensa ehunyoro muchikamu chechitatu chezasi chenzvimbo dzakavharirwa, nekuti mhepo ine hunyoro inogara pedyo nepasi uye zvikamu zvakaiswa pamusoro zvinogona kuverenga 10–15% RH yakaderera. Zvichengetedze kure nezvinodziya uye pedyo netambo dzemagetsi, uko hunyoro hunopinda pakutanga.
Dzorera tambo dze analog sensor kure nemaconductor emagetsi uye shandisa ma run akachengetedzwa, akadzika pasi kuti udzivise EMI pickup. Wedzera ma sensor asina kushandiswa panzvimbo dzakaoma kuitira kuti kukundikana kamwe chete kusasiye nzvimbo isina kujeka. Enzanisa zvinotarisirwa nekushandiswa: ma sensor ekupisa pa 1-5 s anoteedzera thermal mass, nepo ma sensor ehunyoro achifanira kupindura mukati memasekondi angangoita makumi matatu. Chinoongorora gasi rakawanda chakagadzirwa nenzira iyi chinotsigira kutarisa kuchengetedzeka kwegasi nguva dzose pasina kushamisika mumunda.
Puratifomu yako yekunzwa magasi akawanda inotevera nzira imwe chete: masensa anoshandura gasi kuita magetsi, conditioning inoshandura magetsi iwayo kuita voltage yakachena, MCU inoverenga huwandu, uye danho realamu rinoita zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro. Kusarudzwa kwemasensa, nzira yekuenzanisa, logic yealamu, uye sarudzo dzekugadzira dzebhodhi pamwe chete zvinosarudza mashandiro ekuchengetedza epasirese. Kuyerera kwetembiricha nehunyoro zvinogona kusundira kuverenga kubva pakutanga, saka zvidzore uye unobvisa maalamu ekusagadzikana mukuona magasi akawanda. Bata sensor yemagetsi akawanda sechikamu chekuchengetedza, kwete chekuyeresa. Simbisa dhizaini yega yega yekuona gasi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwako. Sisitimu yekuchengetedza yakavakwa zvakanaka ine magasi akawanda inowana kuvimba kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kunodzokororwa uye maitiro ealamu echokwadi.
FAQ
Unofanira kudziya sensor kwenguva yakareba sei usati waigadzirisa?
Mirira kusvika chigadziko chagadzikana. Masero emagetsi akasarudzika anowanzo da maawa matanhatu kana kupfuura mushure mekuiswa. Chengeta chidimbu chacho kana bhodhi radzimwa. Kana usingadaro, kudziya kunotanga kushanda nguva dzese usati washandisa.
Ndeapi magasi anofanirwa kushandiswa muchimiro chegasi mana?
Shandisa okisijeni, zvinobatidza moto (LEL), hydrogen sulfide, uye carbon monoxide. Seti iyi inovhara njodzi dzine chepfu nedzinobvira. Chigadziko chemugero mumwe chete chingasawana dzakawanda dzacho. Enzanisa chiteshi chimwe nechimwe netekinoroji ye sensor inoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwezvinobuda uye zvinodiwa ne bias.
Unofanira kugadzirisa kangani mudziyo unoona gasi rakawanda?
Ita bvunzo yebump usati washandisa zuva rega rega. Ita calibration yakazara kanenge mwedzi gumi nemiviri yega yega. Isa span gas zvichienderana neflow rate yemugadziri, kazhinji 0.5–1.0 L/min, woisa span point pa25–50% ye full scale. Nyora pasi chiitiko chega chega uine ruzivo rwaunogona kutevera.
Chii chinokonzera maalamu enhema pakuona gasi?
Kunzwa kwemukati kunokonzera zvakawanda zvacho. Sero recarbon monoxide rinogona kupindura kuhydrogen, uye sero reH₂S rinogona kupindura kune mamwe mhute. Wedzera hysteresis uye kubatanidza kune alarm logic yako. Wobva wagadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro usati waenzanisa kuverenga nemiganhu.
Sei kutenderera kwebasa rekutora sampling kuchikosha kune monitor ine gasi rakawanda?
Avhareji yemagetsi anotevera basa zvakananga. Hwindo pfupi rinoshanda rinochengetedza simba, asi rinofanira kunge rakareba kupfuura nguva yekupisa yehita. Kana ukaita kuti nguva yekutora sampuli irebe, muganho wekuona unokwira. Bhajeti remagetsi rienzane nenguva yekupindura pakushandisa kwako.
