ziviso

Tinokugamuchirai kudzidziso iyi yakazara yeAltium Designer PCB. Gwaro iri rinopa mirairo yakakwana yekushandura dhizaini yako yakagadzirwa kuita bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi, rakagadzirira kugadzirwa. Ungave uri kugadzira PCB yako yekutanga kana kunatsiridza hunyanzvi hwako, dzidziso iyi inofukidza nhanho yega yega yakakosha nemienzaniso inoshanda.

Altium Designer isoftware yekugadzira PCB inoshandiswa muindasitiri inovimbwa nezviuru zvemainjiniya nemakambani pasi rese. Zvinhu zvayo zvine simba zvinoita kuti dhizaini ishande zvakanaka kubva pamabhodhi ari nyore ane zvidimbu zviviri kusvika kumasystem akaomarara ane zvidimbu zvakawanda. Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa pane nzira inoshanda uchishandisa purojekiti chaiyo yekutonga magetsi, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti unonzwisisa maitiro uye chikonzero chesarudzo yega yega.

Zvauchadzidza

Nekupedzisa chidzidzo ichi, uchazogona:

• Kuenderera mberi kwePCB kuronga kubva pakugadzira mafaira kusvika pakugadzira mafaira
• Kupinza maschematics muPCB editor uchishandisa Engineering Change Orders (ECO)
• Kuiswa kwechikamu chehurongwa hwekugadzirisa nzira uye kuvimbika kwechiratidzo
• Kugadzika kwemitemo yekugadzira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogadzirwa zvakanaka
• Matekiniki ekushandisa nzira nemaoko uye nekudyidzana
• Kugadzirwa kwendege yepasi uye manejimendi yekudurura mhangura
• Kuongororwa kweDhizaini yeKuongorora Mutemo (DRC) uye kugadziriswa kwekutyorwa kwemitemo
• Kuona kwe3D uye kugadzirira kwekupedzisira kwefaira rekugadzira

Zvinotarisirwa

Usati watanga chidzidzo ichi, iva nechokwadi chekuti une:

• Altium Designer yakaiswa (vhezheni 20 kana kuti gare gare inokurudzirwa)
• Kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwema electronic schematics nezviratidzo zvezvikamu
• Dhizaini yakagadzirwa yakagadzirira kurongeka kwePCB
• Kuzivana neAltium Designer interface (inobatsira asi haidiwi)
• Magadzirirwo emugadziri wePCB (upamhi hwekutevera, clearance, kuburikidza nehukuru)

Muenzaniso wePurojekiti

Chidzidzo ichi chinoshandisa muenzaniso unoshanda: dunhu rekugadzirisa magetsi reLM7805 riri nyore asi rakakwana. Chirongwa ichi chinoratidza pfungwa dzese dzePCB dzakakosha dzichiri nyore kushandiswa nevanotanga. Dunhu iri rinoshandura voltage yakakwira yeDC (7-35V) kuita 5V output yakagadzikana, chinhu chinodiwa mumapurojekiti mazhinji emagetsi. Zvakare gwara renhanho nenhanho rekuti ungashandisa sei uye unoshanda sei software yeAltium Designer rakagadzirwa. Mabasa akasiyana uye maficha anokurukurwa.

Madimikira eprojekiti:

• Dunhu: LM7805 linear voltage regulator ine input/output filtering
• Zvikamu: Zvinenge zvikamu gumi kusvika gumi nezvishanu zvinosanganisira IC, ma capacitor, ma resistors, ma LED
• Saizi yeBhodhi: 50mm × 40mm (dhizaini diki yakakodzera kugadzirwa)
• Kuwanda kwezvikamu: Dhizaini yezvikamu zviviri (zvikamu zvemhangura zvepamusoro nepazasi)
• Kuomarara: Kunoshamwaridzana nevanotanga kudzidza uku uchiratidza hunyanzvi hwebasa

Kugadzira Gwaro Idzva rePCB

Danho rekutanga mukugadzirwa kwePCB nderekugadzira gwaro idzva rePCB mukati mepurojekiti yako yeAltium Designer iripo. Gwaro iri rePCB richabatanidzwa nechirongwa chako, zvichibvumira kuwiriranisa otomatiki kwezvikamu nekubatana kuburikidza nehurongwa hweEngineering Change Order. Purojekiti itsva inogona kugadzirwa mukati meAltium Designer uchishandisa dialog yeCreate Project (File » New » Project).

Kuwedzera PCB kuPurojekiti Iripo

Mupanera reProjects (rinowanzo kuwanikwa kuruboshwe rweAltium interface), uchaona chimiro cheprojekti yako kusanganisira faira rechirongwa. Kuti uwedzere gwaro idzva rePCB, tinya kurudyi pazita reprojekti yako pamusoro pepanera. Kubva pane menyu yezvinyorwa inoonekwa, enda ku'Wedzera Chitsva kuProjekti' uye sarudza 'PCB'. Altium ichagadzira gwaro rebhodhi redunhu risina chinhu uye ichariwedzera kuchimiro cheprojekti yako.

Sevha faira idzva rePCB nekukurumidza nezita rinotsanangura rinoenderana neprojekti yako. Semuenzaniso, kana purojekiti yako iri 'Voltage_Regulator', tumidza faira rePCB kuti 'Voltage_Regulator_PCB.PcbDoc'. Richengetedze mudhairekitori rimwechete nechirongwa chako kuti mafaira epurojekiti arambe akarongeka. Iyi tsika yemazita inobatsira kuchengetedza kujeka pakugadzirisa mafaira akawanda ekugadzira.

Kunzwisisa PCB Editor Interface

Kana PCB editor yatanga, uchaona nzvimbo nhema yekushanda (ruvara rwekumashure rwekare, runogona kugadziriswa mune zvaunofarira). Iyo interface ine zvinhu zvakakosha zvakati wandei: nzvimbo huru yekushanda iri pakati pauchagadzira PCB yako, panel yeProjects kuruboshwe inoratidza chimiro cheprojekti yako, panel yePCB (kazhinji kurudyi) inopa mukana wekukurumidza kune layers nezvinhu, panel yeProperties yekuona nekugadzirisa zvinhu zveobject, uye panel yeMessages iri pasi yekuratidza yambiro nezvikanganiso.

Chishandiso chekushandisa chiri pamusoro chine mirairo inoshandiswa kakawanda yekuisa, kuronga, uye kuona. Ziva ma tab e layer ari pasi penzvimbo yebasa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuchinja nekukurumidza pakati pe copper layers, silkscreen, solder mask, uye mamwe ma printed circuit board layers. Status bar iri pasi chaipo inoratidza cursor coordinates uye current active layer, ruzivo rwakakosha panguva yekushanda kwe layout.

Kupinza Schematic muPCB Layout

Sisitimu yeEngineering Change Order (ECO) muAltium Designer inosimbisa kuwiriraniswa kwakarurama pakati pechirongwa chako nePCB. Maitiro aya anoshandura zvikamu zvese, zvinobatanidzwa (mambure), mitemo yekugadzira, uye rumwe ruzivo rwechirongwa munzvimbo yePCB, zvichichengetedza kuvimbika kwechirongwa mukati mehupenyu hwese hwepurojekiti.

Dhizaini → Tumira Shanduko kubva kuSchematic

Kana gwaro rako rePCB richiri kushanda (tinya pa tab yaro kana magwaro akawanda akavhurika), enda kumenyu yeDesign iri pamusoro pebar yemenyu. Sarudza 'Import Changes kubva ku [YourProjectName].PrjPcb'. Zita reprojekiti richaenderana neprojekiti yako chaiyo. Chiito ichi chinotanga maitiro eECO, kuenzanisa schematic yako nemamiriro ePCB aripo uye kuona zvinoda kuwedzerwa, kubviswa, kana kugadziriswa.

Chinyorwa cheEngineering Change Order chichaonekwa, chichiratidza runyorwa rwakakwana rwekuchinja kwese kuchashandiswa paPCB yako. Iyi inhanho yakakosha yekuongorora - tora nguva yekunzwisisa zvakaonekwa naAltium usati waenderera mberi nekuita.

Kudzokorora Mutemo weKuchinja kweUinjiniya (ECO)

ECO dialog inoratidza shanduko mufomati yakarongeka. Chikamu che'Wedzera Chikamu' chinoratidza chikamu chega chega kubva pachirongwa chako chichawedzerwa kuPCB - simbisa kuti zvikamu zvese zvinotarisirwa zviripo (maIC, ma resistors, ma capacitor, ma connectors, nezvimwewo). Tarisa ma component designators (U1, R1, C1, nezvimwewo) kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana chiri kushaikwa.

Chikamu che'Wedzera Net' chinoratidza zvese zvinobatanidzwa nemagetsi kubva pachirongwa chako. Zita rega rega renet rinoenderana nekubatana mudunhu rako (VCC, GND, mazita echiratidzo, nezvimwewo). Nyevero dzinoonekwa dziri yero - idzi dzinowanzo ratidza matambudziko madiki senge mapini asina kubatana. Zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa dziri mutsvuku uye zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa usati waenderera mberi. Nyevero dzakajairika dzinosanganisira mapini emagetsi asina kubatana paIC, izvo zvingave zvichiitwa nemaune mukugadzira kwako.

Usati waita shanduko, tinya bhatani rekuti 'Validate Changes' riri pasi pebhokisi remashoko. Izvi zvinoita cheki yekupedzisira yezvese zvingatadzisa kupinza zvakanaka. Zviratidzo zvegirini zvinoratidza kuti vimbiso yapasiswa. Kana zvikanganiso zvikaonekwa, dzokera kuchirongwa chako kuti ugadzirise matambudziko acho, wobva watangazve maitiro ekutumira.

Kuita Shanduko

Kana kusimbiswa kwapera zvakanaka, tinya bhatani rekuti 'Execute Changes'. Altium inogadzirisa shanduko yega yega, ichiwedzera zvikamu nemambure kuPCB yako. Uchaona zviratidzo zvekufambira mberi sezvo kupinza kwapera. Kana zvapera, zvikamu zvese kubva muchirongwa chako zvinoonekwa munzvimbo yebasa yePCB, pakutanga zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete muchimiro che rectangular chinonzi 'Room'.

Mitsetse mitete, michena kana grey inobatanidza mapedhi ezvikamu inoonekwa, ichimiririra kubatana kwemagetsi kubva pachirongwa chako. Mitsetse iyi inoratidza kuti mapedhi api anofanira kubatanidzwa nemhangura panguva yekufambisa. Ratsnest inoshanda segwara rinoonekwa mukati mehurongwa hwese hwekugadzira, ichinyangarika paunopedzisa kubatana kwega kwega.

Chimiro cheBhodhi uye Kugadzika

Kutsanangura chimiro chebhodhi chairo uye kugadzirisa maparamita ebhodhi rekutanga ndiko kunoita kuti pave nehwaro hwePCB yako. Chimiro chebhodhi chinosarudza miganhu chaiyo iyo zvikamu zvese uye nzira inofanira kukodzera, nepo hunhu hwebhodhi huchikanganisa kugona kwekugadzira uye mashandiro emagetsi.

Rondedzero yeBhodhi

Mutsetse webhodhi unoratidza chimiro chemuviri nehukuru hwePCB yako yapera. Pachidzidzo chino, tichagadzira bhodhi rakareruka re rectangular rinoyera 50mm × 40mm. Enda kumenyu yeDesign wobva wasarudza 'Board Shape', wobva wa'Define kubva pazvinhu zvakasarudzwa'. Neimwe nzira, unogona kudhirowa mutserendende nemaoko uchishandisa Place → Line, uchiva nechokwadi chekuti wasarudza Board Layer (inonziwo Keep-Out Layer) kubva pane layer dropdown.

Kuti udhirowe denderedzwa remadziro nemaoko, tinya pakona yekutanga yechimiro chebhodhi chaunoda, enda pakona yechipiri wodzvanya, wobva waenderera mberi uchitenderedza denderedzwa, uchidzvanya kaviri pakona yekupedzisira kuti uvhare chimiro. Altium inoziva muganhu uyu wakavharwa semucheto webhodhi rako. Muganho wacho unoonekwa semutsetse wakakora une chitarisiko chakakosha, chakasiyana nematanho akajairwa. Muganho uyu unogadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetedza inodzivirira zvikamu nematanho kuti zvisaiswe kunze kwenzvimbo yebhodhi.

Kugadzwa kweBhodhi uye Zvivakwa

Wana magadzirirwo chaiwo ebhodhi uchishandisa Dhizaini → Sarudzo dzeBhodhi. Iyi dialog inopa kutonga kwakazara kwehukuru hwebhodhi, marongero egridi, uye zvaunofarira pakuratidzwa. Gadza zviyero zvebhodhi nemazvo kana wakadhirowa mutsetse nemaoko kana kuti uchida kugadzirisa mutsetse uripo. Papurojekiti yedu, iva nechokwadi chekuti zviyero zvacho zvakafara 50mm × 40mm kukwirira.

Kugadziriswa kwegrid kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuiswa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira. Grid inokurudzirwa yekushanda kwePCB i25 mil (0.635mm) kana 50 mil (1.27mm). Mapedhi ezvikamu anowanzo kuve panzvimbo dze50 mil kana 100 mil, saka kushandisa grid values ​​dzinoenderana kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuronga. Gadza mayuniti aunofarira (mamilimita) zvichienderana neraibhurari yako yezvikamu uye zvaunoda iwe pachako. Madhizaini mazhinji emazuva ano anoshandisa saizi yemetric (mm).

Bvumira 'Svika paGrid' kuti nzvimbo yezvikamu uye nzira yekufambisa zvinhu ive yakadzorwa uye yehunyanzvi. Unogona kubvisa grid snapping kwenguva pfupi nekubata kiyi yeCtrl paunenge uchiisa kana kufambisa zvinhu kana zvichidikanwa.

Maneja weLayer Stack

Chigadziko chezvikamu chinotsanangura kuvakwa kwePCB yako, kusanganisira huwandu hwezvikamu zvemhangura, ukobvu hwazvo, uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupararira kwemagetsi pakati pazvo. Wana iyi gadziriro yakakosha kuburikidza neDesign → Layer Stack Manager. Kune bhodhi redu rine zvikamu zviviri, chikamu chacho chine chikamu chepamusoro chemhangura, chinhu chikuru chemagetsi (kazhinji FR-4 fiberglass), uye chikamu chemhangura chepasi.

Isa ukobvu hwemhangura kusvika pa 1 oz (35 micrometers), inova ndiyo yakajairika kune vazhinji vagadziri vePCB uye inopa kugona kwakanaka kwekutakura magetsi kumaseketi akajairika. Ukobvu hwe dielectric hwebhodhi rine 2-layer hunowanzova 1.6mm ukobvu hwebhodhi, neFR-4 core ichiumba chikamu chikuru chehukuru uhwu. Zvinhu zveFR-4 zvine dielectric constant (Er) inosvika 4.5 pa1 MHz, zvakakosha kumagadzirirwo e high-frequency asi zvisinganyanyi kukosha kune voltage regulator yedu.

Ongorora zvinodiwa nemugadziri wePCB yako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti stackup yako inoenderana nezvavanokwanisa. Vamwe vagadziri vane huremu hwemhangura hushoma (hutete pane 1 oz) kana kuti ukobvu hwepamusoro hwavanogona kugadzira. Kugadzirisa stackup yako nemazvo kubva pakutanga kunodzivirira kugadzira patsva kunodhura gare gare.

Kugadza Mitemo Yekugadzira

Mitemo yekugadzira ndiyo hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwePCB uye mashandiro emagetsi. Mitemo iyi inotsanangura zvipingamupinyi zvehupamhi hwetrace, nzvimbo pakati pezvinhu, kuburikidza nehukuru, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Kurongeka kwemitemo yekugadzira kwakakodzera kunodzivirira matambudziko ekugadzira uye kunoita kuti bhodhi rako rigone kugadzirwa zvakavimbika. Sisitimu yemitemo yekugadzira yeAltium inoshandisa hierarchy yepakutanga mitemo yakatarwa inodarika mitemo yakajairika kana paine kusawirirana.

Kuvhura Mitemo Yekugadzira Nhaurirano

Wana hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yekugadzira kuburikidza Dhizaini → Mitemo. Bhokisi reMirairo Yekugadzira rinovhurwa, richiratidza zvikamu zvemitemo muchimiro chemuti kuruboshwe. Zvikamu zvinosanganisira Electrical (yekusimbisa masaini), Routing (yekutevera masaini nemavhiya), Manufacturing (yezvirambidzo zvekugadzira), High Speed ​​(yekudzora impedance), Placement (yenzvimbo yezvikamu), uye Signal Integrity (yekutevedzera kwepamusoro).

Mutemo wega wega une kukosha kwakakosha - mitemo yekukosha kwepamusoro inotangira kana mitemo yakawanda ichigona kushanda kune chinhu chimwe chete. Huwandu uhwu hunokutendera kuti uise general defaults (kukoshesa kwakaderera) uye zvimwe zvakasarudzika (kukoshesa kwakanyanya) zvemanet kana makirasi ezvikamu.

Mitemo Yakakosha Yekugadzirisa

Mitemo yakati wandei inoda kugadziriswa usati watanga basa rekugadzira. Mitemo inonyanya kukosha inokanganisa kugadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi. Mugadziri wega wega wePCB anoburitsa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira - shandisa izvi kuti uise mitemo yako nemazvo.

A. Kurambidzwa kweKubhadhara Mari

Clearance inotsanangura nzvimbo shoma pakati pezvinhu zvemhangura - matrace, mapedhi, mapolygons, nezvimwewo. Enda kuRouting → Clearance mumuti wemitemo. Isa kukosha kwekubvisa kushoma zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwemugadziri wako, kazhinji 0.2mm (8 mil) yekugadzira yakajairwa kana 0.15mm (6 mil) yemaitiro epamusoro. Kubvisa uku kunodzivirira mashoti emagetsi panguva yekugadzira nekushanda.

Funga nezvekugadzira mitemo yakasiyana yekudzima magetsi yemazinga akasiyana emagetsi. Maseketi ane voltage yakawanda (anopfuura 50V) anoda nzvimbo dzakakura dzekubvisa magetsi kuti adzivise kutenderera kwemagetsi. Unogona kugadzira mitemo chaiyo yemagetsi nekutsanangura makirasi emagetsi (semuenzaniso, 'Power Nets' kusanganisira VCC neVIN) uye kushandisa makodhi akasiyana ekudzima magetsi kumakirasi aya. Kune 5V regulator yedu, nzvimbo yakajairwa yekudzima magetsi yakakwana kumambure ese.

B. Kudziviswa kweUpamhi

Mitemo yehupamhi hwetrace inotsanangura zviyero zvinogamuchirwa zvetrace yenzira. Enda kuRouting → Upamhi. Kune trace yezviratidzo, isa upamhi hushoma kusvika ku0.15mm (6 mil), upamhi hunodiwa kusvika ku0.25mm (10 mil), uye upamhi hwepamusoro kusvika ku2mm. Upamhi hunodiwa ndihwo hunoshandiswa neAltium nekusingaperi panguva yeinteractive routing - kusarudza 0.25mm kunopa chiyero chakanaka pakati pesimba rekutakura magetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo.

Madonhwe emagetsi anoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Gadzira mutemo wakasiyana wehupamhi hwemambure emagetsi (VCC, VIN, VOUT, GND kana usingashandise copper pour). Isa hushoma hwe 0.5mm, sarudza 0.8mm kusvika 1mm, uye hurefu hwepamusoro hwe 2mm kana kupfuura. Madonhwe akafara anoderedza kuramba uye kudonha kwevoltage, zvakakosha pakugoverwa kwemagetsi. Kuverenga upamhi hwetrace hunodiwa zvichibva pane zvinotarisirwa magetsi uchishandisa IPC-2221 standards kana online trace width calculator.

C. Kutungamira Nenzira

MaVias anobatanidza maronda pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemhangura. Enda kuRouting → Routing Via Style kuti ugadzire uchishandisa maparameter. Isa kuburikidza nedhayamita (pedhi remhangura rakatenderedza gomba) kusvika ku0.6mm uye kuburikidza nehukuru hwegomba (gomba rakaboorwa kuburikidza nebhodhi) kusvika ku0.3mm. Kugadziriswa uku kunopa 0.15mm annular ring (mhangura inosara yakatenderedza gomba mushure mekuboorwa), ichisangana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvishoma zvemugadziri.

Mavhaira makuru (0.8mm dhayamita / 0.4mm buri) anopa kuvimbika kuri nani uye kugona kwekutakura magetsi asi anoshandisa nzvimbo yakawanda yebhodhi. Mavhaira madiki (0.4mm dhayamita / 0.2mm buri) anochengetedza nzvimbo asi anogona kuwedzera mari yekugadzira. Kune bhodhi redu riri nyore rine zvidimbu zviviri, mavhaira e0.6mm/0.3mm anopa chiyero chakanaka.

D. Mitemo Yekugadzira

Mitemo yekugadzira inosimbisa kuti dhizaini yako inogona kugadzirwa nenzira yakavimbika. Isa Minimum Annular Ring kusvika 0.15mm (Kugadzira → Ring shoma yeAnnular)Izvi zvinoita kuti mhangura yakakwana igare yakakomberedza makomba akaboorwa mushure mekubvumidzwa kwekugadzira. (Kugadzira → Saizi yeHole) ine huremu hushoma hwe 0.2mm uye hurefu hwepamusoro hwe 6mm kuti ienderane nekwakajairika kwekuboorera bit.

Isa Kubvisa Buri Kubva Paburi (Kugadzira → Kubvisa gomba kubva pagomba kuenda pagomba) kusvika pa 0.5mm. Kureba uku kunodzivirira kutyoka kwe drill bit panguva yekugadzira uye kunoita kuti bhodhi rive rakasimba zvakakwana. Nguva dzose tarisa magadzirirwo ePCB emugadziri wawakasarudza uye isa mitemo inoenderana kana kupfuura zvinodiwa.

Component Placement Strategy

Kuiswa kwezvikamu chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zvekugadzirwa kwebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa. Kuiswa zvisina kunaka kunokanganisa kufambiswa kwenzira kwakaoma kana kusakwanisika uye kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kupindirana kwemagetsi, uye matambudziko ekupisa. Kuiswa zvakanaka kunoita kuti kufambiswa kwenzira kuve nyore uye kunovandudza mashandiro ebhodhi. Tora nguva yekuronga kuiswa kwacho nokungwarira usati watanga chero kufambiswa kwenzira. Izvi zviri nyore kwazvo kufambisa zvikamu izvozvi pane mushure mekunge kufambiswa kwenzira kwatanga.

Zvinhu Zvinoronga (Imba)

Mushure mekupinza kubva muchirongwa, zvikamu zvese zvinoonekwa zvakarongwa muchimiro che'Room' chakaita serectangular. Chinja kuenda ku2D Layout mode kana isati yatoshanda (Ona → Chinja ku2D Layout kana kudzvanya bhatani rekuti '2'). Chinhu cheRoom chinochengetedza zvinhu zvakaunzwa pamwe chete pakutanga. Kuti utange kuisa, uchafanirwa kuparadzira zvinhu kuti zvive nyore kuwana.

shandisa Zvishandiso → Kuiswa kweChikamu → Kuronga Zvikamu zvinoparadzira zvikamu otomatiki panzvimbo yebasa. Altium inoparadzira zvikamu muchimiro chegrid kunze kwebhodhi rako. Izvi zvinokupa kuoneka kwakajeka kwezvikamu zvese uye zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubata nekumisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Neimwe nzira, dhonza zvikamu kubva mukamuri nemaoko chimwe nechimwe.

Zvikamu Zvinofamba Uye Zvinotenderera

Kuti ufambe chikamu, ingodzvanya pachiri wochidhonza kuenda panzvimbo yaunoda. Zvikamu zvinopinda pagrid nedefault, zvichiita kuti kurongeka kuve nyore. Paunenge uchidhonza chikamu, tinya bhatani rekuti SPACE bar kuitenderedza mukuwedzera kwemadigirii makumi mapfumbamweRamba uchidzvanya SPACE kusvika kurongeka kwechikamu kwaenderana nezvaunoda. Zvikamu zvakawanda zve rectangular zvakaita seICs zvinofanirwa kuenderana nemipendero yebhodhi, nepo zvikamu zvakaita se capacitors zvinogona kutenderedzwa kuti zvigadzire routing.

Kuti uwane nzvimbo chaiyo, dzvanya TAB uku uchidhonza chikamu kuti uvhure panel yezvivakwa zvayo. Pano unogona kuisa ma coordinates chaiwo eX neY, woisa kutenderera kune chero kona (kwete kungowedzera madhigirii 90 chete), uye wogadzirisa mamwe ma parameter. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira pakuisa zvikamu zvakaenzana kana padaro rakatarwa.

shandisa Maonero → Magridi → Snap kuGrid kuti uchinje grid snapping. Dzima snapping kwenguva pfupi kana uchida fractional positioning, wobva waigonesa zvakare pabasa rekuisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Gadzirisa zvikamu zvakawanda zvakatwasuka kana kuti zvakamira uchishandisa Rongedza → Rongedza → Rongedza Kuruboshwe/Kurudyi/Kumusoro/Pasi mushure mekusarudza zvikamu zvacho uchibata Shift.

Mugadziri uye Kugadziriswa kweSilkscreen

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine dhizaini (R1, C1, U1, nezvimwewo) inoonekwa pa silkscreen layer. Aya mavara ekunyora akakosha pakuungana kwebhodhi nekugadzirisa matambudziko asi anogona kukanganisa marongerwo ako kana asina kuiswa zvakanaka. Dzvanya uye dhonza madhizaini kuti uafambise wega kubva kuzvikamu zvawo. Isa madhizaini munzvimbo dzaanogona kuverengwa asi asingapindirane nemapedhi, traces, kana zvimwe zvikamu.

Zvigadziriso ndezvechikamu cheTop Overlay (kana kuti Bottom Overlay yezvikamu zviri pasi). Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvigadziriso zvese zvinoonekwa uye zvakanangana zvakanaka - rugwaro rwakatambanuka rwuri nyore kuverenga. Kana nzvimbo yebhodhi ikanyanya kuzara, funga nezvekufambisa zvimwe zvigadziriso kuenda kuchikamu chepasi chesilkscreen, kunyange izvi zvichiita kuti kusimbiswa kwegadziriro kuve kwakaoma zvishoma.

Tarisa saizi yefonti yemugadziri (kazhinji 1mm kusvika 1.5mm kureba) kuti iverengeke zvakanaka. Rugwaro rudiki kwazvo (riri pasi pe 0.8mm) runogona kuoma kudhinda zvakajeka. Rugwaro rukuru kwazvo runotambisa nzvimbo yebhodhi. Shandisa View → Show → Designators kuti uchinje kuoneka kwemugadziri kana uchida kuona marongerwo ako zvakanaka.

Kurongeka Kwekupedzisira Kwezvikamu

Kune yedu voltage regulator circuit, optimized placement inoisa LM7805 IC pakati pebhodhi kuti igoverwe nekupisa. Ma input capacitors (C1, C2) anoiswa pedyo ne IC's input pin (pin 1), zvichideredza high-frequency current loop. Ma output capacitors (C3, C4) akaiswa pedyo ne IC's output pin (pin 3) nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete.

Chinobatanidza chinopinza (J1) chiri kumucheto webhodhi rekuruboshwe, chinobatanidza chinoburitsa (J2) chiri kumucheto wekurudyi. Zvikamu zve LED zvinoratidza (LED1, R1) zviri pedyo nechikamu chinoburitsa. Kubatana kwepasi kwezvikamu zvese kunoumba nzira yekudzoka yechisikigo, yatichabatanidza tichishandisa mapuraneti epasi pane maronda ega ega muzvikamu zvinotevera.

Usati waenderera mberi nekushandisa nzira yekufambisa zvinhu, ongorora zvinotevera: Zvikamu zvese zviri mukati mehurongwa hwebhodhi; zvikamu zvine chekuita nekushanda zvakarongwa mumapoka; kufamba kwechiratidzo kune musoro; mitsetse ye ratsnest inoratidza kuyambuka kushoma; madhizaini ese anoverengwa uye akaiswa panzvimbo yakakodzera. Kuchinja nzvimbo mushure mekushandisa nzira yekufambisa zvinhu kunotora nguva uye kunonetsa kuisa mari ikozvino mukuisa zvinhu zvakanaka.

Kuronga PCB - Zvikamu Zvinobatanidza

Kuronga mafambiro emhepo kunogadzira maronda emhangura anobatanidza mapedhi emagetsi zvichienderana nehurongwa hwako. Apa ndipo panobva dhizaini yedunhu rako. Altium inopa maturusi ane simba ekubatanidza mafambiro emhepo anoenzanisa kudzora nemaoko nerubatsiro rwehungwaru.

Kunzwisisa Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Nzira

Bhodhi redu rine zvidimbu zviviri rine zvidimbu zviviri zvemhangura zvinoti: Top Layer (inowanzoonekwa mutsvuku) uye Bottom Layer (inowanzoonekwa mubhuruu). Dzvanya kiyi + panguva yekufambisa kuti uchinje kubva kuTop layer kuenda kuBottom; tinya - kuti uchinje kubva kuBottom kuenda kuTop. Altium inoisa via otomatiki panzvimbo yekuchinja.

Nheyo dzeKufambisa Manual

Kufambisa nzira yekutaurirana kunowanikwa kuburikidza neRoute → Interactive Routing kana nekudzvanya Ctrl+W. Dzvanya pane chero padhi isina nzira kuti utange routing kubva ipapo. Dzvanya SPACE panguva ye routing kuti utenderere kuburikidza nenzira dze routing: 90-degree angles, 45-degree angles, uye chero-angle routing. Kune mabhodhi ehunyanzvi, shandisa 45-degree routing chete.

Simba reKufambisa uye Nzira Dzepasi

Madonhwe emagetsi anofambisa magetsi anotakura magetsi akakwira uye anoda madonhwe akafara. Tanga neaya, uchishandisa upamhi hwemadonhwe hunobva pa0.8mm kusvika pa1.0mm. Dzvanya TAB paunenge uchifambisa magetsi kuti uvhure zvinhu uye uchinje kukosha kwehupamhi.

Kugadzira Ndege Yepasi (Copper Pour)

Nzvimbo yepasi inzvimbo yakakura yemhangura yakabatana nepasi, ichipa nzira yekudzosa ine impedance shoma uye ichideredza EMI. Pane kutungamira maronda epasi ega ega, tinogadzira copper pour inobatanidza otomatiki ma ground pads ese.

Kutsanangura Ground Polygon

Pinda mu polygon pour nePlace → Polygon Pour kana kudzvanya P wobva wadzvanya G. Dzvanya kutenderedza bhodhi rako kuti uone nzvimbo yekuzadza. Dzvanya kaviri kuti upedzise polygon wovhura dialog yeproperties.

Kugadzirisa Zvivakwa zvePolygon

Isa Net ku 'GND' kuti uise polygon iyi pasi. Isa Layer ku 'Top Layer'. Sarudza 'Relief Connect' yeConnection Style kuti ugadzire thermal relief connections dzakakosha pakunamira. Isa Clearance pa 0.2mm.

Kudurura Mhangura

Dzvanya kurudyi pamutsetse wepolygon wobva wasarudza Mabasa ePolygon → Repour All. Nzvimbo yepasi inozadza nzvimbo yebhodhi iripo, ichidzivirira zvinhu zvisingaenderane nayo ichibatanidza kune ese ma ground pads.

Kubatanidza Ndege Dzepasi neVias

Isa ma-vias ekusona kuti ubatanidze pasi pepamusoro nepasi nemagetsi. Isa ma-vias panguva imwe chete (10-20mm yega yega) akatenderedza bhodhi, kunyanya pedyo nema-IC ground pins.

Kuongorora Mutemo weDhizaini (DRC) uye Kusimbiswa

Kuongororwa kweMutemo weKugadzira kunoratidza kutyorwa kwemitemo usati wagadzira. Usambofa wakatumira bhodhi kukambani yekugadzira pasina kuita zvikanganiso zveDRC.

Kuongorora Mutemo weKugadzira Magadzirirwo

Pinda muDRC kuburikidza neZvishandiso → Kutarisa Mutemo Wekugadzira. Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvese zvavhurwa. Dzvanya 'Run Design Rule Check' kuti utange kusimbiswa.

Kuongorora Kutyorwa Kwemitemo muDRC

Panera reMessages rinoratidza kutyorwa kwemutemo kwese. Dzvanya pane chero kutyorwa kwemutemo kuti uswededze nzvimbo yedambudziko nezviratidzo zvakaratidzwa.

Kugadzirisa Kutyorwa Kwemitemo Kwakajairika

Gadzirisa kutyorwa kwemutemo wekubvisa zvinhu nekufambisa maronda. Gadzirisa kutyorwa kwemutemo wehupamhi nekugadzirisa hunhu hwemaronda. Pedzisa zvese zvisina nzira yekubatanidza. Gadzirisa kuburikidza nekuisa zvinhu kuti zvigadziriswe kuburikidza nekutyorwa kwemutemo.

Kuzadzisa Zvikanganiso zveDRC Zvisina Kukwana

Gara uchigadzirisa kutyorwa kwemitemo uye dzokorora DRC kusvika panel yeMessages yaratidza kusakwana. Tarisa kuti mambure ese aendeswa pasina mitsetse yemakonzo yasara.

Kuwedzera Matongero Ekupedzisira uye Zvinyorwa

Kuwedzera Makomba Ekukwira

Isa maburi ekuisira pamakona ebhodhi uchishandisa Place → Pad. Pamasikuruu eM3, shandisa dhayamita yegomba re3.2mm. Isa maburi ari pakati pe3-5mm nemativi ebhodhi.

Rugwaro neRuzivo rweSilkscreen

Wedzera ruzivo rwekuzivikanwa uchishandisa Place → String on Top Overlay layer. Isa zita rebhodhi, revision, zuva, uye specifications. Ita shuwa kuti rugwaro runoverengwa (kureba kwe1mm) uye harupindi mapedhi.

Mabhodhi Emucheto uye Zviratidzo zveDimension

Wedzera zviratidzo zvehukuru uchishandisa Nzvimbo → Dimension → Linear Dimension paMechanical 1 layer. Izvi zvinobatsira kusimbisa saizi yebhodhi uye zvinobatsira dhizaini yenzvimbo yakavharirwa.

Kusimbisa Kubviswa kweSilkscreen

Tarisa kuti hapana mapedhi e silkscreen overlaps uchishandisa View → Connections → Ratidza mapedhi. Fambisa chero rugwaro rwunopesana kuenda kunzvimbo dzakachena.

Kuona uye Ongororo ye3D

Magadzirirwo Ekugadzirisa Maonero e3D

Maitiro ese ekuona e2D ne3D akarongwa muView Configuration panel. Kuti uratidze panel: tinya nzira pfupi yeL; shandisa bhatani rePanel riri pasi kurudyi rwesoftware; kana sarudza chinhu che "View » Panels » View Configuration menu"Kana ukachinja kuenda ku3D Layout mode, dzimwe sarudzo dzekudzora presentation yebhodhi mu3D dzinowanikwa paTab yeView Options yeView Configuration panel.

Kuchinja kuenda ku3D View

Dzvanya '3' kana kusarudza Ona → Chinja kuenda ku3D. Shandisa mbeva kutenderedza (dhonza nekudzvanya kuruboshwe), pani (dhonza nekudzvanya kurudyi), uye zoom (scroll wheel) kuti uongorore kubva chero kupi.

Kutarisa Kureba kweZvikamu uye Kubviswa Kwenzvimbo

Tarisa kuti zvikamu zvakacheneswa zvakadii mu3D view. Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvirefu hazvipindire. Tarisa kuti dhizaini yacho inokodzera nzvimbo yaunoda kuvharira nekuyera kukwirira kwebhodhi.

Sarudzo dzekutumira kunze kwe3D

Tumira kunze 3D model uchishandisa File → Export → STEP yesoftware yeCAD yemakanika. Mainjiniya emakanika vanoshandisa izvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kugadzira enclosure uye kuongorora kukwana kwayo.

Boka reExport Options, rinoonekwa nekudzvanya kaviri STEP export output yakawedzerwa kana kutanga murairo weFile » Export » STEP 3D, rinopa sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira sarudzo dzekusarudza kuti ndeapi mabhodhi achabatanidzwa mufaira rakagadzirwa.

Kuongorora Kwekupedzisira Usati Wagadzira

Rondedzero Yese Yekugadzira

Simbisa chinhu chimwe nechimwe usati wagadzira mafaira ekugadzira:

• Zvinhu zvose zvakaiswa zvine musoro
• Mambure ese akaendeswa, hapana nzvimbo ye ratsnest
• Mapurani epasi pamativi ese ari maviri ane mavhiya ekusona
• DRC yapasa isina zvikanganiso
• Zvigadziriso zvesilkscreen zvinoverengwa
• Makomba ekugadzika akaiswa zvakanaka
• Zviyero zvebhodhi zvakarurama
• Maonero e3D akasimbiswa

Kugadzira Mafaira Ekugadzira

Gadzira mafaira eGerber kuburikidza Faira → Zvinobuda Mukugadzira → Mafaira eGerber uye mafaira eNC Drill kuburikidza neFaira → Zvinobuda Mukugadzira → Mafaira eNC DrillBvunza mugadziri wako kuti uwane zvinodiwa.

Chirongwa Chekuchengetedza Nekuchengetedza

Sevha mafaira ese ne Ctrl+Shift+S. Gadzira dhairekitori yakazara yepurojekiti uchishandisa Project → Archive Project yekubatsira kuchengetedza kana kushanda pamwe chete.

mhedziso

Makorokoto nekupedza chidzidzo ichi chakakwana chekuronga maPCB! Madzidza mafambiro ese kubva mukupinza zvinhu kubva muhurongwa hwekugadzira zvinhu kuburikidza nekugadzirira kugadzira zvinhu. Unyanzvi uhwu hwekutanga, kuisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nehurongwa, kufambisa zvinhu nehunyanzvi, kushandisa nzira dzepasi, uye kusimbiswa kwakazara zvinoumba hwaro hwekugadzira maPCB nehunyanzvi. Rambai muchivandudza hunyanzvi hwenyu nekugadzira macircuit akasiyana-siyana. Dzidzai magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi, batanai nePCB communities, uye ongororai mabhodhi enyu akagadzirwa kuti mudzidze kubva mukubudirira nezvikanganiso.

Tatenda nekutevera dzidziso iyi. Danho rako rinotevera: gadzira bhodhi rako kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera, uchishandisa zvese zvawakadzidza. Rombo rakanaka nerwendo rwako rwekugadzira PCB!