Unoona ma "integrated circuits" mumidziyo yese yemagetsi. Mhando dzakajairika idigital IC, analog IC, mixed-signal IC, uye application-specific IC.
Rudzi rweIntegrated Circuit |
|---|
Digital IC |
Analogi IC |
Mixed-Signal IC |
Application-Specific IC (ASIC) |
Unogona kuronga macircuit akabatanidzwa zvichienderana nebasa, tekinoroji, kuomarara, kana magadzirirwo. Kuronga uku kunonzi Integrated Circuits Classification. Kunokubatsira kusarudza zvikamu zvakakodzera zvekugadzira masisitimu emagetsi, dhizaini yecircuit , uye bvunzo yecircuit yakabatanidzwa. Kana mazinga ekubatanidza achinja kubva kuSSI kuenda kuULSI, kuyedza machip kunonyanya kukosha.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Maseketi akabatanidzwa ane mhando huru ina : digital, analog, mixed-signal, uye application-specific. Kuziva mhando idzi kunokubatsira kusarudza circuit yakakodzera purojekiti yako.
Iwe unogona kuunganidza maseketi akasanganiswa nebasa, tekinoroji, kuoma, kana dhizaini. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza chip chaiyo. Inokubatsira kuenzanisa chip kune zvaunoda system yako.
Maseketi edhijitari akabatanidzwa akakosha kune zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano . Anoshandisa simba pazvinhu zvakaita semakombiyuta nemafoni. Anoshandisa masaini ebhinari uye anonyanya kugadzirwa nesilicon.
Analogi akabatanidza maseketi anoshanda ane masaini akatsetseka. Izvo zvakakosha kune maodhiyo masisitimu uye masensa. Vanoshandisa zvikamu zvakaita seamplifiers uye mafirita kudzora aya masaini.
Mixed-signal ICs ane zvose analog uye digital mabasa pane imwe chip. Iwo akanakira zvishandiso zvinoda ese marudzi ezviratidzo, senge ma smartphones nemidziyo yekurapa.
Integrated Circuits Classification
Kupatsanura macircuit akabatanidzwa kunobatsira kuti uunganidze uye uenzanise machips. Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa macircuit aya. Nzira imwe neimwe inotarisa chinhu chakakosha kana mashandisirwo acho. Izvi zvinoita kuti kusarudza chip yakakodzera purojekiti yako kuve nyore.
By Basa
Unogona kuronga macircuit akabatanidzwa zvichienderana nezvaanoita. Mamwe anoshanda nemasignal anochinja-chinja zvakanaka. Mamwe anoshandisa masignal anochinja-chinja pakati pemastates maviri. Heino tafura ine mhando huru :
Mhando yeIC | tsananguro | Applications |
|---|---|---|
Analog Integrated Circuits | Shanda nezviratidzo zvinoshanduka zvakanaka. | Audio masisitimu, maredhiyo, masensa |
Digital Integrated Circuits | Shandisa zviratidzo zvinobatidzwa kana kudzima (0 kana 1). | Microprocessors, memory chips, logic magedhi |
Mixed-Signal ICs | Sanganisa analog uye zvikamu zvedhijitari pane imwe chip. | Vanoshandura data, masisitimu ekutaurirana |
Iyi nzira yekuronga inokubatsira kuenzanisa chip kune yako system.
NeTekinoroji
Unogona zvakare kuronga macircuit akabatanidzwa uchishandisa tekinoroji. Tekinoroji inoreva kuti chip inogadzirwa sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Heino tafura ine mamwe marudzi akajairika :
Rudzi rweTekinoroji | tsananguro | Performance Impact |
|---|---|---|
doping | Inowedzera maatomu akakosha kune chip zvinhu. | Inoita machipisi nekukurumidza uye akavimbika. |
Mutete-firimu deposition | Inoisa zvidimbu zvitete pane chip uchishandisa michina yakakosha. | Inovandudza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kushanda. |
Lithography | Inodhirowa mapatani madiki pane chip pamusoro. | Inodzora kuti machipisi madiki uye anokurumidza sei. |
Kubvisa maitiro | Inobvisa zvikamu zve chip zvinhu kuti zvigadzire. | Inobatsira kugadzira iyo chaiyo chip chimiro. |
Kuronga nehunyanzvi kunoratidza kuti kugadzira machipisi kunokanganisa kunaka kwavo.
By Kuoma kunzwisisa
Kuronga nekuomarara kunotarisa kuti zvikamu zvingani zviri mukati mechip. Heano mapoka makuru :
SSI (Small Scale Integration): 3-30 magedhi pa chip
MSI (Medium Scale Integration): 30-300 magedhi pa chip
LSI (Yakakura Scale Kubatanidzwa): 300-3,000 magedhi pa chip
VLSI (Yakanyanya Kukura Scale Kubatanidzwa): Anopfuura zviuru zvitatu magedhi pa chip
Machipisi ane mamwe masuwo anogona kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinokubatsira kutora chip inokodzera chirongwa chako.
By Architecture
Unogona zvakare kuronga machipisi nehurongwa hwekuvaka. Hurongwa hwekuvaka hunoreva kuti chip inovakwa sei uye kuti zvikamu zvayo zvinobatana sei. Heino tafura ine nzira mbiri huru :
Architectural Approach | tsananguro | Kufurira paKushanda |
|---|---|---|
Digital IC Dhizaini | Inoshandisa logic blocks kumabasa akaita sekombuta. | Inowedzera kukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka mubasa redhijitari. |
Analog IC Dhizaini | Inoshandisa amplifiers uye mafirita ekudzora chiratidzo. | Inovandudza ruzha uye chiratidzo chemhando. |
Kuronga nekuvaka kunoratidza kuti marongerwo echip anochinja sei zvaanogona kuita.
Zano: Kushandisa akasanganiswa maseketi kupatsanura kunobatsira iwe kuenzanisa machipisi nekukurumidza uye sarudza yakanakisa yepurojekiti yako.
IC Mhando
Digital Integrated Circuits
Maseketi edhijitari akabatanidzwa akakosha zvikuru mumagetsi nhasi. Anoshanda nemasaini ebhinari, ayo ari panze kana kuti ari panze. Maseketi aya anoshandisa mageti elogic akadai se AND, OR, uye NOT . Mageti elogic anobatsira kugadzira maseketi anoita masvomhu akareruka uye sarudzo. Maseketi ekubatanidza anoshandisa chete input yazvino kusarudza kubuda. Maseketi akatevedzana ane zvikamu zvekurangarira zvinochengeta nekuchinja data nekufamba kwenguva.
Unogona kuwana macircuit edhijitari akabatanidzwa mumidziyo yakawanda. Ari mukati memaTV akangwara, mabhokisi eset-top, uye maconsole emitambo . Midziyo inopfekwa senge smartwatches inoishandisa pazvinhu zvakaita sekutarisa kurova kwemoyo. Makamera anoshandisa macircuit aya kugadzirisa mifananidzo. Mumota, anodzora mainjini nemasystem evaraidzo. Zvishandiso zvekurapa nemichina yefekitori zvinoshandisawo.
Maseketi edhijitari akabatanidzwa anonyanya kugadzirwa nesilicon. CMOS ndiyo nzira huru inoshandiswa kugadzira iwo . Maitiro aya anopa mashandiro akanaka uye haashandise simba rakawanda. Kugadzira machipisi aya kunosanganisira matanho akadai sekugadzirira wafer, kuisa maion, uye photolithography. Kurongedza ndiro danho rekupedzisira. Makambani anogadzira machipisi akawanda panguva imwe chete kuchengetedza mari.
Technology/Maitiro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
zvinhu | Kunyanya silicon, asi dzimwe nguva maGaAs uye SiGe anoshandiswa zvakare. |
Dominant Process | CMOS ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira dhijitari logic chips. |
Logic Gate Architectures | Inosanganisira static CMOS, ine simba CMOS, uye pfuura transistor logic CMOS. |
IC Kugadzira Matanho | 1. Wafer Prep 2. Ion Implantation 3. Diffusion 4. Photolithography 5. Oxidation 6. Chemical-Vapor Deposition 7. Metallization 8. Packaging |
Kugadzira Strategy | Machipisi mazhinji anogadzirwa kamwechete pane imwe wafer kuderedza mutengo. |
Maseketi edhijitari akabatanidzwa anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mhando dzacho :
Mhando yeIC | Transistor Count | tsananguro |
|---|---|---|
Diki Scale Integration (SSI) | 1 kuna 100 | Inoshandiswa kune zvakakosha zvikamu senge logic gedhi uye flip-flops. |
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) | 100 kuna 1,000 | Inoshandiswa kumakaunda uye madiki microprocessors. |
Large Scale Integration (LSI) | 1,000 kuna 10,000 | Inoshandiswa kune 8-bit microprocessors mumakomputa nemitambo. |
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) | Mamiriyoni maviri kusvika kumatatu | Inoshandiswa kune 32-bit microprocessors mune ane simba CPUs uye memory chips. |
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) | 1 miriyoni kusvika 10 miriyoni | Inoshandiswa kune advanced microprocessors mumakomputa emazuva ano. |
Giant Scale Integration (GSI) | Kupfuura 10 mamirioni | Inoshandiswa kune yakaoma masisitimu seSoCs muAI uye inokurumidza zvishandiso. |
Zano: Gara uchitarisa chiyero chekubatanidza uye chaunoda usati watora dhijitari yakabatanidzwa sedunhu.
Analog ICs
MaAnalog IC anokubatsira kushanda nemasaini anochinja zvakanaka, senge ruzha kana kupisa. Dhizaini yavo inoshandisa maamplifiers, mafirita, uye ma voltage regulators. Ma operating amplifiers, anonzi ma op-amps , akakosha zvikuru muma analog circuits. Vagadziri vanoshandisa manomano akakosha kuchengetedza ma amplifiers akagadzikana. Vanoedzawo kuderedza input-offset voltage uye vanoona kuti circuit inoshanda zvakanaka kunyangwe nzira yainoitwa nayo ichichinja.
Key Design Principle | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Operational Amplifier Dhizaini | Inotarisa pamaitiro ekugadzira op-amps, kunyanya maviri-nhanho CMOS opamps. |
Muripo Techniques | Inoshandiswa kuchengetedza amplifiers kugadzikana kana uchishanda mu loop. |
Yakarongeka Input-Offset Voltage | Ita shuwa kuti hapana voltage isingadiwe pakuiswa. |
Maitiro-Isinganzwisisi Mutungamiri Muripo | Inoita kuti dunhu rishande zvakanaka kunyangwe maitiro ekugadzira akachinja. |
High Output Impedance | Opamp inogadzirwa kuti ive yakakwira kuburitsa impedance kuti iwane zvirinani uye yakaderera simba rekushandisa. |
Low-Voltage Applications | Maviri-nhanho opamp anoshanda nemazvo kune yakaderera-voltage kushandiswa pasina kuda mamwe ekuwedzera ekubuda. |
Zvakakwana-Musiyano Opamps | Inotsanangura kuti chii chakasiyana-siyana maopamp uye kuti anoshandiswa sei. |
Iwe unoshandisa analog ICs munzvimbo dzakawanda. Ivo vanosimudzira uye kubata masaini mumaredhiyo, maodhiyo masisitimu, uye masensa. Iwo zvakare ari muchikamu-akakiyiwa zvishwe, ADCs, uye maDACs. Analog ICs anobatsira kushandura masaini kubva kuma sensors kana antennas kuita chimwe chinhu chinogona kushandiswa nemidziyo.
MaAnalog IC anoshandisa zvinhu zvakaita se op-amps , voltage regulators, oscillators, uye active filters. Izvi zvakakosha mumagetsi epamba nepabasa.
Mamwe ma analog IC anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya :
LM741: Inobatsira op-amp kune akawanda maseketi.
AD620: Amplifier chaiyo yekuyera.
LM7805: A voltage regulator inopa yakatsiga 5V kubuda.
AD574: ADC chaiyo yekuunganidza data.
DAC0800: A DAC yekushandura masaini edhijitari kuita analogi muodhiyo uye vhidhiyo.
Mixed-Signal ICs
MaIC ane masaini akasiyana-siyana ane macircuit eanalog needhijitari pachip imwe chete. Unoshandisa aya kana uchida kubata marudzi ese ezviratidzo mumudziyo mumwe chete. Kugadzira maIC ane masaini akasiyana-siyana kunoda kurongwa kwakanyatsonaka. Unofanira kuchengetedza masaini eanalog needhijitari akasiyana kuti umise ruzha nematambudziko. Kuisa pasi zvakanaka, routing, uye magetsi zvinobatsira kuti circuit ishande zvakanaka.
Inosanganisa analogi uye zvikamu zvedhijitari pamwechete
Inoda kunyatsoronga marongerwo
Inochengeta zviratidzo zvakasiyana kudzivirira matambudziko
Inoshandisa nzira dzakanakisa dzekuchengeta masaini akajeka
Inoda kuparadzaniswa kwakanaka, kugadzikwa, uye nzira
Magetsi anofanirwa kubatwa zvakanaka
Inomisa ruzha uye kukanganisa mukugadzirisa
MaIC ane masaini akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda . Mota dzinoashandisa kubata masensa uye kutaura nezvimwe zvikamu. Midziyo yekurapa inoashandisa pabasa redata chairo. Masisitimu asina waya anoashandisa kutumira masaini. Mafoni nematablet anoashandisa kudzora ruzha nemagetsi.
Technology | tsananguro |
|---|---|
CMOS | Yakanakira basa redhijitari uye inoita kuti iwe uwedzere zvikamu zvedhijitari zviri nyore. |
BiCMOS | Inosanganisa CMOS uye bipolar transistors kuitira nani analogi uye basa redhijitari. |
CMOS SOI | Inoshandisa yakakosha layer kugadzira machipisi nekukurumidza uye kuderedza zvisingadiwe mhedzisiro. |
SiGe | Inoita kuti machipisi akurumidze kumabasa epamusoro-soro. |
Mixed-signal ICs inowanzova neADCs neDACs kuti ichinje zviratidzo pakati peanalogi nedhijitari.
Memory ICs
MaMemory IC anochengetedza data rezvishandiso zvemagetsi. Unoshandisa iwo mumakomputa, mafoni, nezvimwewo. Kugadzira mamemory IC kunotanga nekuvaka zvikamu zvakaita sematransistors nema capacitor . Chidziro chinodzivirira hutachiona chinobatanidza zvikamu izvi. Mitsetse mitete yesimbi inobvumira data kufamba-famba. Chidziro chinofukidza chipu. Unoisa machipu aya pamapuranga kuti uabatanidze kune zvimwe zvikamu.
Memory ICs inoshandisa marudzi akasiyana. DRAM ndeyekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi mumakomputa nemidziyo. NAND flash inochengetedza data mumafoni uye SSDs. 3D NAND inopa kumwe kuchengetedza uye zvirinani kumhanya. ReRAM rudzi rutsva rwekuyeuka kwekushandisa kutsva.
Memory Memory | tsananguro | Applications |
|---|---|---|
DRAM | Inoshandiswa kuchengetedza data kwenguva pfupi. | Makomputa uye zvemagetsi. |
NAND Flash Ndangariro | Inochengeta data yakachengeteka kunyangwe magetsi akadzimwa. | Mafoni, USB madhiraivha, SSDs. |
3D NAND Technology | Inopa kumwe kuchengetedza uye kukurumidza kurinani. | Zvigadzirwa zviduku, zvinochengetedza simba. |
ReRAM | Rudzi rutsva rwendangariro runochengetedza data. | Inoshandiswa mumidziyo mitsva yemagetsi. |
Dzimwe ndangariro ICs dzaungaziva kuti DDR SDRAM, iyo inokurumidza kumabasa makuru, uye RDRAM, iyo inotokurumidza asi inodhura yakawanda.
Memory Chip Type | tsananguro |
|---|---|
DDR-SDRAM | Inoshandisa mipendero yewachi kumhanyisa kaviri, yakanakira mabasa anokurumidza. |
RDRAM | Inomhanya nekumhanya kwepamusoro kwekukurumidza kufamba kwedata, yakanaka kumabasa akaoma asi inodhura yakawanda. |
Microprocessors
A microprocessor yakafanana neuropi hwekombuta yako kana mudziyo wakangwara. Iwe unoshandisa microprocessors kumhanya zvirongwa uye kutonga sisitimu. Iyo dhizaini ine akawanda macores uye anonyengera logic maseketi. Vagadziri vanoshandisa ISA kutaura izvo microprocessor inogona kuita. Iyo dhizaini zvakare ine masvomhu uye ekudzora zvikamu zvekukurumidza kushanda.
Ma microprocessor ane ma cores akawanda uye ma circuit akaoma kuti akurumidze zviri nani.
Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwakawanda uye zvinoda maturusi ekuyera chaiwo.
ISA inotaurira kuti ndeipi mirairo iyo microprocessor inogona kumhanya.
Logic uye control units inobatsira kugadzirisa mirairo nekukurumidza.
Ma microprocessor akakura kupfuura mamwe machipisi ekushanda nekukurumidza.
Iwe unowana microprocessors mune zvakawanda zvinhu. Iwo ari mumakomputa, malaptop, uye maseva. Mafoni, mahwendefa, uye mitambo yemitambo inoashandisa zvakare. Mumotokari, microprocessors inodzora injini uye akangwara maficha. Midziyo yekurapa neyefekitori inovashandisa kutonga uye data basa.
Ma microprocessor anoshandisa nzira itsva dzekugadzira machipisi, akadai se5nm ne3nm , kuti akwane zvikamu zvakawanda uye ashandise simba shoma. Mamwe ane mayuniti eAI emabasa akangwara. Machipisi akakosha akadai seGPUs, FPGAs, uye ASICs anoshandiswa kumitambo, AI, uye kudzidza. Vagadziri vanoedza kuchengetedza simba uye vanoshandisa zvinhu zvakasvibira.
mhando | unhu | Representative Chips |
|---|---|---|
General-Purpose High-Performance Microprocessor (x86) | Inoshandiswa mumakomputa nemalaptops, inokurumidza uye izere nezvinhu | Intel Core i9 / AMD Ryzen 9 |
Embedded Microprocessor (ARM) | Inochengetedza simba, rinoshandiswa mumafoni uye IoT | Qualcomm Snapdragon / Apple A14 Bionic |
Digital Signal processor (DSP) | Yakagadzirirwa kubata masaini edhijitari, anoshandiswa mukurira uye vhidhiyo | Texas Zviridzwa TMS320C6713 |
Microcontroller | Inoshandiswa muzvirongwa zviduku, inochengetedza nzvimbo uye simba | Atmel ATmega328P / Microchip PIC18F4550 |
Simba PC | Inoshandiswa mumaseva, network, uye mutambo consoles | IBM POWER9 / Nintendo GameCube Gekko |
MIPI | Inoshandiswa mune network gear uye maTV | MIPS R3000 / MIPS32 M4K |
SPARC | Inoshandiswa mumaseva uye nzvimbo dzekushanda | Oracle SPRC T7 / Fujitsu SPARC64 XIfx |
System-on-a-Chip (SoC) | Iine zvikamu zvakawanda mune imwe chip, inoshandiswa mumafoni uye IoT | Apple A14 Bionic / Qualcomm Snapdragon |
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) | Yakagadzirirwa mifananidzo uye nekukurumidza math | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 / AMD Radeon RX 6800 |
Microcontroller
Microcontrollers madiki makomputa pane imwe chip. Unoashandisa mumasisitimu madiki kuita mamwe mabasa. Iyo dhizaini ine processor, ndangariro, uye yekupinza / kubuda madoko. Microcontrollers inogadzirwa kushandisa simba shoma uye kuita mabasa akareruka. Unozviwana mumidziyo yemumba, matoyi, uye muchina wefekitari.
Microcontrollers inoshandisa tech yakafanana se microprocessors asi isa zvese pane imwe chip. Ivo vanowanzo shandisa CMOS yekumhanyisa zvirinani uye simba shoma. Microcontrollers inodiwa kumabasa anoda kudzikama, real-time control.
Iwe unoona mamicrocontrollers mumachina ekuwachisa, ma microwaves, uye maremote. Ivo zvakare vanomhanyisa marobhoti, masisitimu emota, uye smart home gadget. Mamwe anoshandiswa mumidziyo yekurapa uye inopfeka tekinoroji.
Kukurukurirana ICs
Kukurukurirana ICs kunobatsira kutumira uye kutora data mumagetsi. Iwe unoashandisa mumagetsi asina waya, network gear, uye mafoni. Dhizaini yavo inotarisa kubata masaini, kushandura masaini, uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso. Aya maIC anofanira kushanda nekukurumidza uye kuchengetedza dunhu rakasimba.
Kukurukurirana ICs inoshandisa tekinoroji nyowani seRF CMOS, BiCMOS, uye SiGe yebasa rinomhanya-mhanya. Ivo kazhinji vane ese analog uye edhijitari zvikamu, senge zvakasanganiswa-signal ICs. Kukurukurirana ICs kwakakosha kune Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, uye maseru network.
Iwe unowana kutaurirana ICs mumafoni, mahwendefa, uye malaptop. Ivo zvakare vari mumambure emotokari, masisitimu efekitori, uye masatellite. ASICs anowanzo shandiswa mukutaurirana ICs kune akakosha mabasa.
Cherechedza: ASICs dzakagadzirirwa basa rimwe rinokosha. Iwe unoshandisa maASIC kana iwe uchida yakanyanya kumhanya yerimwe basa, senge mukutaurirana ICs kana nekukurumidza data basa.
IC Features
Dhizaini Dhizaini
Unofanira kunzwisisa dhizaini yemacircuit akabatanidzwa kuti uashandise zvakanaka. Dhizaini yeIC inotanga nehurongwa hwakajeka. Unotarisa zvinofanirwa kuitwa necircuit. Unosarudza dhizaini yakakodzera basa racho. Unoshandisa ma logic gates, ma amplifiers, kana masero ekurangarira mudhizaini yako. Unodhirowa dhizaini pabepa kana pakombuta. Unotarisa dhizaini kuti uone zvikanganiso. Unoshandisa software kuyedza dhizaini usati wagadzira chip. Unoita shanduko padhizaini kana ukawana matambudziko. Unochengetedza dhizaini iri nyore kuitira kuti ishande zvirinani. Unoshandisa mabhuroko mudhizaini yako kuti zvive nyore kuchinja. Unofunga nezvekushandiswa kwesimba mudhizaini yako. Unoita shuwa kuti dhizaini inokodzera nzvimbo yauinayo. Unoshandisa layers mudhizaini yako kuchengetedza nzvimbo. Unoronga dhizaini kuti isanyanya kupisa. Unoshandisa maturusi akakosha kutarisa dhizaini. Unoshanda nechikwata kupedzisa dhizaini. Unoshandisa dhizaini kugadzira chip mufekitori. Unoedza chip kuti uone kana dhizaini yacho ichishanda. Unogadzirisa dhizaini kana chip isingashande. Unoshandisa dhizaini zvakare kune machips matsva.
Zano: Dhizaini yakanaka inoita kuti IC yako ishande zvirinani uye igare kwenguva refu.
Applications
Unoshandisa maIC munzvimbo dzakawanda . Unowana mumafoni, makomputa, nemota. Unoshandisa maIC muzvishandiso zvekurapa nemidziyo yepamba yakangwara. Unoona maIC mumarobhoti nematoyi. Unoshandisa maIC muTV nemaredhiyo. Unowana maIC mumichina yekuwachisa nemicrowave. Unoshandisa maIC mumarambi emugwagwa nemwenje yemumugwagwa. Unoona maIC mumafekitori nemapurazi. Unoshandisa maIC mumasateliti nemaroketi. Unowana maIC mumawachi nemabhandi ekurovedza muviri.
Technologies
Iwe unoshandisa akawanda matekinoroji kugadzira maIC. Iwe unoshandisa silicon kune akawanda maIC. Iwe unoshandisa CMOS tekinoroji kune yakaderera simba dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa BiCMOS kune yakasanganiswa-chiratidzo dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa SOI yekugadzira nekukurumidza. Iwe unoshandisa maGaAs epamusoro-kumhanya dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa photolithography kudhizaina dhizaini pane chip. Iwe unoshandisa doping kushandura kuti chip inoshanda sei. Iwe unoshandisa yakaonda-firimu dhizaini kune ari nani machipisi. Iwe unoshandisa 3D dhizaini kuti ikwane zvakanyanya pane chip. Iwe unoshandisa zvishandiso zvitsva zvekugadzira kugadzira machipisi ari nani. Iwe unoshandisa AI kubatsira kugadzira.
Technology | Shandisa Mukugadzira |
|---|---|
CMOS | Low power design |
BiCMOS | Yakasanganiswa-chiratidzo dhizaini |
SAKA INI | Fast design |
GaAs | High-speed design |
3D Kubatanidzwa | More dhizaini munzvimbo shoma |
Representative Chips
Iwe unoona akawanda machipisi anoratidza dhizaini yakanaka. Iwe unoshandisa 555 timer yekugadzira nguva. Iwe unoshandisa iyo LM741 yekugadzira amplifier. Iwe unoshandisa iyo 8051 ye microcontroller dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa iyo ATmega328 yeArduino dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa Intel Core i7 yekugadzira komputa. Iwe unoshandisa iyo ARM Cortex yekugadzira foni. Iwe unoshandisa iyo TMS320 yeDSP dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa iyo DDR4 yekugadzira ndangariro. Iwe unoshandisa ESP8266 yeWi-Fi dhizaini. Iwe unoshandisa iyo LM7805 yemagetsi dhizaini.
Cherechedza: Chip imwe neimwe inoratidza dhizaini yakakosha yebasa rayo. Iwe unogona kudzidza kubva kune yega yega dhizaini kuti uite yako iri nani.
Paunenge uchiziva kugadzirisa chip yega yega, unowana rubatsiro rwakakura. Iyi hunyanzvi inokuita kuti usarudze yakanakisa chip yepurojekiti yako. Iwe unofananidza izvo chip inogadzirwa uye kuti inovakwa sei kune zvaunoda. Izvi zvinoita kuti chipboard yako ishande zvirinani uye igare kwenguva refu. Iwe unoronga kuti waya uye kupisa zvinopararira sei kune fast chips.
Iwe unoona mhando nyowani dzechip senge sub-2nm uye akaturikidzana machipisi.
Iwe unoona machipisi ane zvinhu zvinotonhorera seMBCFET neGAAFET.
Iwe unowana machipi anoshandisa yakakwira-k dielectric zvinhu zvebasa riri nani.
Iwe unoshandisa machipisi ane smart AI maturusi kubata akaomarara dhizaini.
Iwe unotora machipi emabasa emakore uye AI inochengetedza simba.
Iwe unotarisa machipisi ane 3D akaturikidzana ehutano uye epamba gadget.
Iwe unowana machipi anomisa kukanganisa uye kuderera mukugadzira.
Iwe unoshandisa machipisi senge maGPU, ASICs, FPGAs, uye neuromorphic machipi emabasa matsva.
Iwe unoona machipisi anobatsira kugadzira zvemagetsi nekukurumidza uye zvine hungwaru.
Ramba uchidzidza nezve machipisi matsva. Paunogara uchida kuziva, unoita sarudzo dzirinani dzemapurojekiti ako etekinoroji.
FAQ
Chii chinonzi dunhu rakasanganiswa uye nei uchiishandisa?
Dunhu rakasanganiswa rinoisa zvikamu zvakawanda zvemagetsi pachipu imwe chete. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvishandiso zvive zvidiki uye zvikurumidze. Dunhu rakasanganiswa rinobatsira kuchengetedza nzvimbo nesimba. Unowana mumafoni, makomputa, nemota. Rinoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano zvishande pamwe chete.
Chip dhizaini inokanganisa sei madivayiri edhijitari?
Dhizaini yeChip ndiyo inosarudza mashandiro anoita michina yedhijitari. Unosarudza logic uye marongerwo akakodzera. Dhizaini yakanaka yeChip inoreva kukurumidza kumhanya uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma. Zvishandiso zvedhijitari zvinoshanda zvirinani nedhizaini yakanaka. Dhizaini yeChip inokutendera kuti uwedzere zvimwe zvinhu kudunhu rako rakabatanidzwa.
Ndeapi matanho makuru mukugadzira chip?
Kugadzira chip kunotanga ne semiconductor wafer. Iwe unoshandisa photolithography, doping, uye etching kugadzira masekete. Matanho anowedzerwa pakubatanidza. Michina yepamberi inobatsira kugadzira machipisi. Iwe unoyedza iyo yakabatanidzwa yedunhu usati warongedza chip.
Nei chip kurongedza kwakakosha kune akasanganiswa maseketi?
Chip kurongedza inochengeta yako yakabatanidzwa yedunhu yakachengeteka kubva mukukuvadza. Inobatsira kubatanidza chip kune zvimwe zvikamu. Kurongedza kwakanaka kunoita kuti kupisa kuende kure uye kunovharira mvura. Kurongedza kwakasimba kunodiwa kudhijitari, analog, uye yakasanganiswa-chiratidzo machipisi. Chip kurongedza zvakare inobatsira tekinoroji kushanda pamwechete.
FPGA uye munda unorongwa gedhi arrays anobatsira sei mukubatanidza tekinoroji?
FPGA uye munda unorongwa gedhi arrays anobatsira kuyedza chip dhizaini nekukurumidza. Iwe unogona kushandura pfungwa mushure mekugadzira chip. FPGA inoita kuti uedze mazano matsva mumadhijitari masisitimu. Field programmable gedhi arrays anobatsira nesystem pane chip uye tekinoroji mapurojekiti.
