PCB (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board) chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi chinoshanda sechitsigiro chezvikamu zvemagetsi uye mutakuri wekubatanidza magetsi. Inonzi "yakadhindwa" redunhu bhodhi nokuti inogadzirwa uchishandisa michina yekudhinda yemagetsi. PCB chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha muindasitiri yemagetsi. Zvinenge zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kubva pazvinhu zvidiki zvakaita sewachi dzedhijitari uye macalculator kune masisitimu mahombe semakomputa, magetsi ekutaurirana, uye masisitimu ezvombo zvehondo, anoshandisa akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi kubatanidza maseketi akabatanidzwa nezvimwe. zvinhu zvemagetsi nemagetsi.
Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine insulating substrate, waya dzekubatanidza, uye mapadhi ekuunganidza uye kutengesa zvinhu zvemagetsi, zvinoshanda zvese semafambisi nzira uye chigadziko chekudzivirira. Inogona kutsiva wiring yakaoma kuti iwane kubatanidza magetsi pakati pezvakasiyana zvikamu, kurerutsa kusangana uye kushambadzira maitiro, kudzikisa mutoro webasa wakabatana nemaitiro echinyakare nzira, uye zvakanyanya kuderera kushanda nesimba. Uyezve, PCB kubatsira kuderedza saizi yese yezvishandiso, kudzikisa mutengo wechigadzirwa, nekuvandudza kunaka uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Ivo vanopa yakanaka chigadzirwa kuenderana uye inogona kuenzaniswa mukugadzira, kufambisa mechanisation uye otomatiki mukugadzira. Uyezve, iyo yakazara yakaunganidzwa uye yakaedzwa yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi inogona kushanda seyakazvimiririra yakasununguka chikamu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsiva uye kuchengetedza zvakakwana zvigadzirwa.
Mapuranga edunhu akadhindwa akaitwa pakutanga kubva papepa-based copper-clad laminates. Kubva pakaunzwa semiconductor transistors muma1950, kudiwa kwemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa kwawedzera. Iko kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemaseketi akabatanidzwa kwakatungamira kumidziyo midiki yemagetsi ine kuwedzera kwedunhu uye kuomarara, zvichida kuenderera mberi hunyanzvi mumabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa. Parizvino, mhando dzePCB dzakashanduka kubva kumabhodhi ane mativi maviri kuenda kumapuranga ane mativi maviri, mabhodhi akawanda, uye mabhodhi anochinjika. Chimiro chavo uye hunhu hwave mberi kusvika kune-yakanyanya density, miniaturization, uye yakakwirira kuvimbika. Nzira itsva dzekugadzira, zvinhu, uye maitiro ekugadzira ari kuramba achibuda. Mumakore achangopfuura, dzakasiyana-siyana komputa-yaibatsira dhizaini (CAD) software yePCB yave kugamuchirwa zvakanyanya muindastiri, uye kugadzirwa kwemichina uye otomatiki kwave kutsiva zvachose manyorerwo maitiro mune akasarudzika PCB vagadziri.
Classification by Layer Count
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yezvikamu zvedunhu, PCB inogona kukamurwa kuita rimwe-sided board, mapuranga ane mativi maviri, uye multilayer mapuranga. Mabhodhi akawanda akajairwa anowanzo ane mana kana matanhatu akaturikidzana, nepo mamwe mabhodhi akaomarara anogona kuve nematanho akawanda. Iwo matatu makuru marudzi ePCB kupatsanura ndeaya:
Mabhodhi eSingle-Sid
Mabhodhi e-Single-Sided Boards (Single-Sided Boards) ane zvikamu zvakanangana kune rimwe divi uye conductive traces kune yakatarisana divi (kana ese ari maviri maronda uye pamusoro-akamisikidzwa zvikamu kune rimwe divi, zvine kuburikidza-gomba zvikamu kune rimwe). Sezvo maronda achingoonekwa kune rimwe divi, rudzi urwu rwePCB runodaidzwa kuti single-sided. Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwakasimba pa dhizaini yedunhu (matanho haakwanise kuyambuka uye anofanirwa kutora nzira dzakaparadzana), mabhodhi ane divi rimwe chete anowanzo shandiswa mukutanga dhizaini dhizaini.
Mabhodhi maviri-Maviri
Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri (Double-Sided Boards) anoisa wiring pamativi ese, achida kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi kwakakodzera pakati pemativi maviri. Izvi zvinongedzo, zvinozivikanwa se vias, maburi madiki akazadzwa kana akaputirwa nesimbi inobvumira maronda kubva kumativi ese kuti abatanidze. Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri, ane kaviri nzvimbo yemapuranga ane divi rimwe chete, anogadzirisa nyaya dzinopindirana dze madhizaini ane divi rimwe chete (kubvumidza kubatanidza kuti kuitwe kuburikidza vias). Izvo zvakanyanya kukodzera kumatunhu akaoma kupfuura ayo anowanzo batwa neamwe-sided board.
Flexible board, Rigid-flexible board
Multi-layer boards (Multi-Layer Boards) anowedzera nzvimbo inowanikwa wiring nekushandisa akawanda-sided-sided or double-sided boards. Semuyenzaniso, mana-layer PCB inogona kuva nekaviri-mativi bhodhi seyemukati layer, yakakomberedzwa nemapuranga maviri ane mativi ekunze sematanda ekunze, kana maviri-aviri-mativi mapuranga seyemukati akaturikidzana ane maviri-rimwe divi mapuranga sekunze kwekunze. Aya akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi anopindirana ne insulating adhesive zvinhu uye akabatana sepamwe dhizaini zvinodiwa. Nhamba yezvikamu hazvirevi kuti nhamba yezvigadziro zve wiring zvakazvimiririra; muzviitiko zvakakosha, zvidimbu zvisina chinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa kukudzora bhodhi ukobvu, nehuwandu hwemateya anowanzo kuve akaenzana uye kusanganisira ekunze maviri akaturikidzana. Mazhinji mamaboards ane 4 kusvika 8 akaturikidzana, kunyangwe nehunyanzvi, PCB inogona kuve nayo anenge 100 layers. Makomputa epamusoro-soro anowanzo shandisa mabhodhi emamai akaturikidzana, asi sezvikwata zvemakomputa akajairwa zvino anogona kutsiva masisitimu akadaro, mabhodhi e-ultra-multilayer ari kuita mashoma. Imwe neimwe nhanho muPCB yakanyatsobatanidzwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona iyo chaiyo nhamba yezvikamu, kunyangwe kunyatsotarisisa kwe Motherboard anogona kuburitsa ruzivo urwu.
Flexible board, Rigid-flexible board
Flexible boards, rigid-flex boards akakamurwa kuita rigid circuit boards uye flexible circuit board. Kazhinji, iyo PCB inoratidzwa pamufananidzo wekutanga inodaidzwa sePCB yakaoma, nepo iyo yero yekubatanidza mumufananidzo wechipiri inonzi inoshanduka PCB. Musiyano unonzwisisika ndewekuti inochinjika PCB inogona kukotama. Ukobvu hwakajairika hwePCB yakaoma hunosanganisira 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, uye 2.0mm. Ukobvu hwakajairika hwePCB inochinjika ndeye 0.2mm, iine matinji akakora akawedzerwa kuseri kwezvikamu zvekutengesa, izvo zvinogona kubva pa0.2mm kusvika 0.4mm. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunopa mainjiniya ezvimiro ane referensi yepakati panguva yekugadzira. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvePCB yakaoma zvinosanganisira phenolic bepa laminates, epoxy bepa laminates, polyester fiberglass laminates, uye epoxy fiberglass laminates; zvinhu zvakajairika zvePCB inochinjika zvinosanganisira polyester firimu, polyimide firimu, uye fluorinated ethylene propylene firimu.
