PCB (Printed Circuit Board) chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi chinoshanda sechitsigiro chezvikamu zvemagetsi uye chinotakura kubatanidza magetsi. Chinonzi bhodhi redunhu "rakadhindwa" nekuti rinogadzirwa uchishandisa matekiniki ekudhinda emagetsi. PCB chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha muindasitiri yemagetsi. Chinenge chishandiso chega chega chemagetsi, kubva pazvinhu zvidiki zvakaita semawachi edhijitari nemakarukureta kusvika kumasisitimu makuru akadai semakombiyuta, magetsi ekutaurirana, uye masisitimu ezvombo zvehondo, chinoshandisa mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa kubatanidza macircuit akabatanidzwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi nemagetsi.
Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine substrate inodziisa simba, waya dzinobatanidza, uye mapedhi ekubatanidza nekusungirira zvikamu zvemagetsi, zvichishanda senzira dzinofambisa simba uye sehwaro hunodziisa simba. Rinogona kutsiva waya dzakaoma kuti riwane kubatana kwemagetsi pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti kuungana nekusungirirana zvive nyore, kuderedza basa rinoitwa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekubatanidza, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya simba revashandi. Pamusoro pezvo, PCB inobatsira kuderedza saizi yemidziyo yese, kuderedza mitengo yezvigadzirwa, uye kuvandudza mhando nekuvimbika kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Dzinopa kuenderana kwakanaka kwechigadzirwa uye dzinogona kuenzaniswa mukugadzirwa, zvichiita kuti michina uye otomatiki zviite basa. Uyezve, bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rakaunganidzwa zvizere uye rakaedzwa rinogona kushanda sechikamu chakazvimirira, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsiva nekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvakakwana.
Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa aigadzirwa pakutanga nemalaminates emhangura akagadzirwa nepepa. Kubva pakatanga kushandiswa ma transistors e semiconductor muma1950, kudiwa kwemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa kwakawedzera. Kukura nekukurumidza uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemacircuit akabatanidzwa kwakaita kuti pave nemidziyo midiki yemagetsi ine kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemacircuit uye kuomarara, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kunoramba kuripo mumabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa. Parizvino, mhando dzePCB dzakashanduka kubva pamabhodhi ane mativi maviri kuenda kumabhodhi ane mativi maviri, mabhodhi ane layer akawanda, uye mabhodhi anochinjika. Maumbirwo avo nehunhu hwavo zvafambira mberi kusvika pakuwanda zvakanyanya, miniaturization, uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Nzira itsva dzekugadzira, zvinhu, uye maitiro ekugadzira zviri kuramba zvichibuda. Mumakore achangopfuura, software dzakasiyana-siyana dzecomputer-aided design (CAD) dzePCB dzave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri, uye kugadzirwa kwemichina uye otomatiki kwakatsiva zvachose maitiro emaoko muvagadziri vePCB vane hunyanzvi.
Classification by Layer Count
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemasekete edunhu, PCB inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvemabhodhi ane mativi maviri , mabhodhi ane mativi maviri, uye mabhodhi ane mativi akawanda. Mabhodhi akajairika ane mativi akawanda anowanzova nezvikamu zvina kana zvitanhatu, nepo mabhodhi akaomarara anogona kuva nezvikamu zvakawanda. Mhando nhatu huru dzePCB ndeidzi:
Mabhodhi eSingle-Sid
Mabhodhi ane mativi rimwe chete (Mabhodhi Ane Side Rimwe) ane zvikamu zvakanangana kune rumwe rutivi uye matrace anotungamira kune rumwe rutivi (kana zvese zvisaririra uye zvikamu zvakaiswa pamusoro kune rumwe rutivi, nezvikamu zvine maburi anobuda kune rumwe rutivi). Sezvo matrace achingoonekwa kune rumwe rutivi, rudzi urwu rwePCB runonzi single-sided. Nekuda kwemiganhu yakasimba pakugadzira dunhu (zvisaririra hazvigone kuyambuka uye zvinofanirwa kutora nzira dzakasiyana), mabhodhi ane mativi rimwe chete anowanzo shandiswa chete mumagadzirirwo ekutanga edunhu.
Mabhodhi maviri-Maviri
Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri (Double-Sided Boards) ane waya kumativi ese, zvichireva kuti anoda kubatana kwemagetsi kwakakodzera pakati pemativi maviri. Mabhodhi aya, anozivikanwa semavias, maburi madiki akazadzwa kana kuputirwa nesimbi anobvumira zviratidzo kubva kumativi ese kuti zvibatane. Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri, ane nzvimbo yakapetwa kaviri yemapuranga ane mativi maviri, anogadzirisa matambudziko anobatanidza magadzirirwo emativi maviri (zvichibvumira kubatana kugadzirwa kuburikidza nemavias). Akakodzera zvakanyanya maseketi akaomarara kupfuura ayo anowanzo batwa nemabhodhi ane mativi maviri.
Flexible board, Rigid-flexible board
Mabhodhi ane mativi akawanda (Mabhodhi ane mativi akawanda) anowedzera nzvimbo yekubatanidza waya nekushandisa mapuranga akawanda ane mativi maviri kana maviri. Semuenzaniso, PCB ine mativi mana inogona kunge iine bhodhi rine mativi maviri sechikamu chemukati, rakatenderedzwa nemapuranga maviri ane mativi rimwe chete sezvikamu zvekunze, kana mapuranga maviri ane mativi maviri sezvikamu zvemukati nemapuranga maviri ane mativi rimwe chete sezvikamu zvekunze. Mabhodhi aya edunhu akadhindwa akabatanidzwa nezvinhu zvinonamira zvinodzivirira uye zvakabatana zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Huwandu hwezvikamu hazvirevi hazvo kuti huwandu hwezvikamu zvewaya zvakazvimiririra; mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikamu zvisina chinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa kukobvu kwebhodhi rekudzora, nehuwandu hwezvikamu hunowanzova hwakafanana uye hunosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvekunze. Mabhodhi mazhinji eamai ane zvidimbu zvina kusvika zvisere, kunyangwe zviri pamutemo, PCB inogona kuva nezvikamu zvinoda kusvika zana. Makomputa makuru anowanzo shandisa mamaboard ane mativi akawanda, asi sezvo mapoka emakomputa akajairwa anogona kutsiva masisitimu akadaro, mabhodhi ane mativi akawanda ari kuramba achiderera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe muPCB chakabatanidzwa zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona huwandu chaihwo hwezvikamu, kunyangwe kutarisa kwakanyatsonaka kwemamaboard kunogona kuratidza ruzivo urwu.
Flexible board, Rigid-flexible board
Flexible boards, rigid-flex boards akakamurwa kuita rigid circuit boards uye flexible circuit board. Kazhinji, iyo PCB inoratidzwa pamufananidzo wekutanga inodaidzwa sePCB yakaoma, nepo iyo yero yekubatanidza mumufananidzo wechipiri inonzi inoshanduka PCB. Musiyano unonzwisisika ndewekuti inochinjika PCB inogona kukotama. Ukobvu hwakajairika hwePCB yakaoma hunosanganisira 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, uye 2.0mm. Ukobvu hwakajairika hwePCB inochinjika ndeye 0.2mm, iine matinji akakora akawedzerwa kuseri kwezvikamu zvekutengesa, izvo zvinogona kubva pa0.2mm kusvika 0.4mm. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunopa mainjiniya ezvimiro ane referensi yepakati panguva yekugadzira. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvePCB yakaoma zvinosanganisira phenolic bepa laminates, epoxy bepa laminates, polyester fiberglass laminates, uye epoxy fiberglass laminates; zvinhu zvakajairika zvePCB inochinjika zvinosanganisira polyester firimu, polyimide firimu, uye fluorinated ethylene propylene firimu.
