Wakambofunga here nezvekuti chip imwe chete ingashandise sei microwave yako, mota, kana smart watch? Texas Instruments TMS1000 yakabuda muna 1971. Yakachinja magetsi nekuisa processor, memory, uye input/output pane chip imwe chete. Pfungwa huru iyi yakaita kuti zvishandiso zvive zvidiki uye zvive nyore kugadzira. Iye zvino, unogona kuona microcontrollers muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakakupoteredza.
Muna 2021, makambani akatumira ma microcontroller anosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nerimwe pasi rose.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Ma microcontroller anoisa processing, memory, uye input/output pa chip imwe chete. Izvi zvinoita kuti michina ive midiki. Zvinoitawo kuti ive yakachipa.
Iyo 8-bit microcontroller nguva yakakura nekukurumidza. Aya machipisi ane magetsi ematoyi uye midziyo. Dzichiri kufarirwa nekuti dzinodhura zvishoma.
Ma microcontroller e16-bit ne32-bit akaunza simba rakawanda. Anobatsira kugadzira michina yakangwara yehutano neindasitiri.
Mazuva ano microcontrollers ane zvinhu zvakaita seWi-Fi uye Bluetooth. Izvi zvinobvumira zvishandiso kutaura kune mumwe nemumwe uye kugovana data zvakanaka.
AI mune microcontrollers iri kubatsira mazano matsva kukura. Izvi zvinotungamira kune akangwara uye ekuchengetedza simba zvishandiso zvekushandisa kwakawanda.
Kwakabva Microcontrollers
Magadzirirwo Ekutanga
Ma microcontroller akatanga kutanga kwema1970 . Mainjiniya aida kuti magetsi ave madiki uye nekukurumidza. Vaidawo kuti ave nyore kuvaka. Pamberi pema microcontroller, zvishandiso zvaishandisa machipisi akawanda akasiyana. Machipisi aya aibata nekugadzirisa, kurangarira, uye zvinopinda/zvinobuda. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvigadzirwa zvikure uye zvidhure mari yakawanda. Kuisa zvese pachipisi chimwe chete kwakachinja magetsi. Zvakaita kuti kugadzira nekushandisa michina kuve nyore.
Kushandisa single-chip microcontrollers kwakaita kuti zvinhu zvive zvidiki uye zvakachipa. Wakanga usisade zvakawanda zvezvikamu zvakasiyana zvakare. Izvi zvakabatsira mamicrocontrollers kuve akakurumbira nekukurumidza.
Heino tafura inoratidza dzimwe shanduko dzakakosha dzakabatsira:
Rudzi Rwokufambira mberi | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Unogona kuisa processor, memory, uye I/O pane imwe chip. | |
Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yeMOS | Zvimwe zvikamu zvinokwana pane chip uye zvakashanda zvirinani. |
EEPROM uye Flash memory | Unogona kuchengeta mapurogiramu uye woavandudza zviri nyore. |
Ekutanga microcontrollers seTMS1000 akashandisa Harvard kuvaka. Vaive nendangariro zhinji kupfuura dzekare logic zvishandiso. Waiona kuti idiki, isingadhuri, uye iri nyore kugadzira.
N-MOS 8048 uye MC6801
Microcontrollers dzakavandudzika pakupera kwema1970. Intel yakagadzira N-MOS 8048 muna 1976. Chip iyi yaive shanduko huru. Motorola yakagadzira MC6801 muna 1978. General Motors vaida MC6801 yemitemo mitsva yemotokari. MC6801 yakashandiswa muTripMaster meter ye1978 Cadillac Seville.
Iyo MC6801 yaive neCPU yakasimba uye yakaita mamwe math. Vatengi vakafarira izvi.
Pakazosvika ma1980s, General Motors vakashandisa zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zveMotorola microcontrollers mumotokari mazuva ese.
Intel neMotorola vakakwikwidzana uye vakaita kuti ma microcontrollers ave nani.
Kuchinja uku kwakaita kuti ma microcontroller ave nesimba uye anobatsira. Kufambira mberi mu tekinoroji ye semiconductor kwakabatsira zvikuru. Maindasitiri akaita semotokari aida ma microcontroller ari nani. Matanho ekutanga aya akabatsira ma microcontroller kukura nekuvandudza.
8-Bit Microcontroller Era
Kukura Kwemusika
Musika wemicrocontroller wakakura nekukurumidza munguva ye8-bit. Mukupera kwema1970 nema1980, makambani akaita seIntel, Atmel, uye Microchip akagadzira 8-bit microcontrollers. Aya machipisi akachinja zvinhu zvakawanda munyika. Vakava chikamu chikuru mukati mezvigadzirwa zvakawanda. Unogona kuzviwana mumatoyi, makarukureta, uye mumakombiyuta epakutanga. Iyo 8-bit microcontroller yakaramba yakakurumbira kwemakore mazhinji. Yaive sarudzo huru yemasystem kusvika 2011.
Waizviziva here? Mabhirioni e8-bit microcontrollers anotengeswa gore rega rega. Izvi zvakaita kuti ive imwe yezvikamu zvemagetsi zvakabudirira zvachose.
Munguva iyi, ma microcontrollers akawana madiki uye akachipa. Unogona kutenga machipisi aya nemutengo wakaderera. Izvi zvakabatsira vanhu vakawanda nemakambani kuzvishandisa mukugadzira kwavo. Shanduko dzemamicrocontrollers panguva ino dzakatungamira kune yakangwara uye yakabatana michina.
Applications uye Impact
8-bit microcontrollers yakashandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda. Ivo vaigonesa midziyo yemumba, maremote control, uye ekutanga vhidhiyo mutambo consoles. Waigonawo kuvawana mumotokari, mavaidzora maraiti nemawiper. Aya ma microcontrollers akaita kuti zvigadzirwa zvishande zvirinani uye nyore kushandisa.
Heino tafura inoratidza mamwe mashandisirwo akajairika e8-bit microcontrollers:
Nzvimbo Yekushandisa | Muenzaniso Zvigadzirwa |
|---|---|
Consumer Electronics | Remote dzeTV, matoyi |
indasitiri | Motor controllers, mamita |
Automotive | Dashboards, sensors |
Microcontroller tekinoroji yakaita kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvive nehungwaru. Iyo 8-bit microcontroller yakashandura mashandisiro aunoita zvinhu zvemazuva ese. Sezvo ma microcontrollers akavandudzwa, iwe wakaona maitiro matsva uye kuita zvirinani. Iyi nguva yakaratidza kuti ma microcontrollers anogona kukwana chero kupi zvako. Vakava chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwemazuva ano.
16-Bit uye 32-Bit Microcontrollers
Kugadzirisa Simba
Microcontrollers yakachinja zvakanyanya muma1990s. Nyowani 16-bit uye 32-bit machipisi akabuda. Aya machipisi akashanda nekukurumidza kupfuura kare. Vaigona kuita mabasa akaoma uye kushandisa data rakawanda. Iyo 16-bit microcontroller yakakurumidza kupfuura iyo 8-bit imwe. Iyo 32-bit microcontroller yaive yakatosimba. Vanhu vakashandisa izvi muzvinhu zvakaita semidziyo yekurapa nemichina mikuru.
Zano: Microcontroller ye32-bit inogona kushandisa nhamba dzakakura uye ndangariro yakawanda. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ugadzire zvishandiso zvakangwara.
Heino tafura inoratidza kuti simba rekugadzirisa rakachinja sei:
mhando | Data Width | havukavu | Memory Memory |
|---|---|---|---|
8-bit | 8 matomu | nonoka | Zvishoma |
16-bit | 16 matomu | Kurumidza | More |
32-bit | 32 matomu | Kurumidza | Zvakawanda |
Kuwedzera Mano
Ma microcontroller akatanga kuita mabasa akawanda kupfuura kare. Akawana maficha matsva pavaivandudza. Waigona kushandisa memory yakawanda uye kubatanidza kune zvimwe zvinhu. Waigonawo kumhanyisa mapurogiramu makuru. Ma microcontroller akawedzera ma timers, analog-to-digital converters, uye ma ports ekutaura kune mamwe ma device. Shanduko idzi dzakabatsira vanhu kugadzira marobhoti, zvinhu zvepamba zvakangwara, uye maturusi emuchadenga.
Microcontrollers yakashandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda zvitsva.
Vakava chikamu chikuru chehurongwa hwemazuva ano.
Vakaita kuti zvigadzirwa zvishande zviri nani uye zvigare kwenguva refu.
Microcontrollers panguva ino yakakubatsira iwe kugadzira nekukurumidza uye zvirinani zvishandiso. Vakashandura nzira iyo vanhu vanogadzira uye kushandisa zvemagetsi.
Evolution yeMicrocontrollers muKubatana
Networking Features
Ma microcontroller akachinja zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva. Akatanga ari nyore asi ikozvino anobatanidza zvishandiso zvakawanda. Kuchinja uku kunoita kuti zvishandiso zvitaurirane zviri nyore. Kana ukashandisa speaker yakangwara, inoshandisa zvinhu zvitsva izvi. Zvinotevera fitness trackers zvinoenderanawo nazvo.
Microcontrollers ikozvino vane nzira dzekutaura seEthernet, Wi-Fi, uye Bluetooth. Idzi nzira dzinobatsira midziyo kugovera data nekukurumidza uye zvisina njodzi. Izvi zvachinja mashandisiro aunoita tekinoroji mazuva ese.
Wi-Fi microcontrollers inobatsira zvishandiso kuwana painternet. Iwe unovaona mune smart TV uye yekuchengetedza makamera. Vari mumichina zvakare kumafekitari. Aya machipisi anobatsira kugadzira dzimba dzakangwara uye maguta akangwara. Vanobatanidza michina yakawanda pamwechete.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) inoshandisa simba shoma pane mamwe. Iwe unowana BLE mumabhendi ekusimba uye isina waya mahedhifoni. Smart makiyi zvakare anoshandisa BLE. BLE inoita kuti zvishandiso zvigare kwenguva refu pamabhatiri madiki. Zvinoitawo kuti mari irambe yakaderera.
Microcontroller ine BLE uye Wi-Fi inobatsira vanhu kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva nekukurumidza. Iwe unowana zvimwe sarudzo uye zvirinani maficha mumidziyo yako.
Aya maficha etiweki anobatsira kuunganidza uye kutumira data. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uite sarudzo dziri nani neruzivo rwenguva chaiyo.
Zano: BLE isarudzo yepamusoro painternet yezvinhu . Inochengetedza simba uye inoshanda zvakanaka mumidziyo yakawanda yakabatana.
IoT Integration
Ma microcontrollers ndiwo ava musimboti weinternet yezvinhu . Unoshandisa zvishandiso zveIoT kumba uye kubasa. Unovaonawo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Ma microcontrollers anobatsira zvishandiso izvi kuunganidza, kugadzirisa, uye kugovera data.
Iwe unowana mamicrocontrollers mune akangwara thermostats uye mwenje. Ivo zvakare vari mumaindasitiri marobhoti. Vanobatsira kudzora masisitimu uye kuita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka. Musika wemicrocontroller unokura sezvo mamwe maindasitiri anoshandisa IoT.
Heino tafura inoratidza ma microcontrollers anobatsira imba yakangwara uye maindasitiri IoT:
Tsanangudzo Yeuchapupu | Nheyo dzinokosha |
|---|---|
Kubatanidzwa kweAI uye ML | Microcontrollers regai zvishandiso kufunga uye kuita nekukurumidza, kumucheto chaiko. |
Multi-protocol Support | Iwe unogona kushandura pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza, zvichiita kuti zvishandiso zvishanduke. |
Kutonga kwe32-bit MCUs | Aya machipisi anobata mabasa akaomarara uye anochengetedza simba, akakwana kune yakaoma masisitimu. |
Basa muIndustrial Automation | Microcontrollers inodzora uye tarisa pamusoro pemichina mumafekitori akangwara. |
Microcontrollers ikozvino inotsigira nzira dzakawanda dzekubatanidza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvishandiso zvako zvinogona kuenderana nezviyero zvitsva. Vanoshandawo munzvimbo dzakawanda. Kusimuka kwe32-bit microcontrollers inokupa iwe simba rakawanda uye nani kushandisa simba. Izvi zvinobatsira masisitimu epamberi kuita mabasa akaomarara.
Microcontrollers akakosha muindasitiri otomatiki. Ivo vanodzora michina uye kuona masisitimu munguva chaiyo.
Kuwedzera kushandiswa kweIoT kunoreva kuti mamwe mamicrocontrollers anodiwa. Ivo vanodzora data uye masisitimu anobatsira anoshanda pamwechete.
Microcontrollers vakachinja mararamiro aunoita nekushanda. Iwe zvino unotarisira kuti zvishandiso zvako zvibatane nekugovana nekukurumidza. Microcontroller tekinoroji inoita kuti izvi zviitike. Inoramba ichisunda izvo zvishandiso zvinogona kuita.
Mazuva ano Microcontroller Innovations
Sisitimu-pa-Chip
Ma microcontroller emazuva ano ane zvinhu zvakawanda pa chip imwe chete. Izvi zvinonzi system-on-chip . Zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvakawanda pamwe chete panzvimbo imwe chete. Midziyo inowana simba rakawanda uye inoshandisa simba shoma. Idikiwo kupfuura kare. Aya ma chip anogona kuita zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinobata mifananidzo, ruzha, kana njere dzekugadzira.
Heino tafura inoratidza zvinoita kuti ma microcontroller e system-on-chip ave akakosha :
mamiriro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Advanced Integration | Mapurosesa mazhinji anoshanda pamwechete kuita mabasa akasiyana. |
Kuvandudza Masimba Masimba | Inoshandisa simba shoma asi ichiri kushanda nekukurumidza. |
Specialized Processing | Iine zvikamu zvakakosha zveAI uye multimedia. |
Compact Design | Inoisa zvimwe zvinhu munzvimbo diki. |
Kukurukurirana Kwepamusoro | Inokurumidza isina waya yakavakirwa mukati chaimo. |
Advanced Multimedia | Inogona kuratidza 4K vhidhiyo uye AR ine yakakosha hardware. |
Unoshandisa zvinhu izvi mumafoni, zvishandiso zvepamba zvakangwara, uye mumotokari. Microcontrollers dzakabatsira kuita kuti masisitimu aya akangwara ave echokwadi.
Zano: Masisitimu ekushanda aripo panguva chaiyo anobatsira ma microcontrollers kuita mabasa akawanda zvakachengeteka . RTOS inochengetedza michina ichishanda zvakanaka uye yakachengeteka.
Iwe zvakare une maturusi ari nani ekuvaka zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinokubatsira kuyedza nekugadzirisa pfungwa dzako. Unogona kuwana rubatsiro kubva kune nyanzvi uye kushandisa nyore software.
AI uye Remangwana Trends
Ma microcontrollers ava kushandisa njere dzekugadzira pa chip. Unogona kushandisa ma machine learning models pama chip madiki asina memory yakawanda. Zvishandiso zvakaita seLiteRT neTensorFlow Lite zvinowedzera maficha akangwara kuma sensors nemidziyo inopfekwa. Zvishandiso zvino zvava kukwanisa kuona, kunzwa, uye kudzidza kubva pane zviri pedyo nazvo.
Heano mamwe maitiro mu microcontroller tekinoroji:
Machipisi emagetsi akaderera zvakanyanya anochengetedza simba muIoT uye zvinopfekwa.
Multi-core dhizaini rega machipisi aite zvakawanda kamwechete.
AI uye kudzidza muchina kunobatsira kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza.
Mamwe mamicrocontrollers anoshandiswa mudzimba, hutano hwehutano, uye indasitiri.
Magadzirirwo asingakuvadzi nharaunda anobatsira kuchengetedza pasi.
Microcontrollers dzinoramba dzichiita zvirinani gore rega rega. Iwe uchaona akasimba, akangwara, uye akawanda ekuchengetedza simba masisitimu munguva pfupi.
Impact paElectronics Dhizaini uye Kugadzira
Shanduko yeMagadzirirwo Nzira
Ma microcontroller akachinja magadzirirwo anoitwa zvinhu zvemagetsi nevanhu. Kare, waida zvikamu zvakawanda kuti ugadzire sisitimu. Iye zvino, microcontroller imwe chete inogona kuita mabasa akawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvishandiso zvive zvidiki uye zvinochengetedza simba. Unogona kuwedzera mamwe maficha pasina kuita kuti zvinhu zviome zvakanyanya. Kudzora panguva chaiyo uye mabasa akangwara zviri nyore kushandisa izvozvi.
Microcontrollers inobatsira kugadzira epamberi akadzamirirwa masisitimu eIoT neAI.
Iwe unogona kubatanidza sensors uye actuators kune chaiyo-nguva cheki.
Shanduko idzi dzinobatsira kuvaka dzimba dzakangwara uye kutakurwa kuri nani.
Iwe unogona kuunganidza uye kudzidza data nekukurumidza kuita sarudzo dzakanaka.
Mazuva ano ma microcontrollers anoshandisa simba shoma, saka zvishandiso zvebhatiri uye simba rakasvibira zvinoshanda zvirinani.
Kufambira mberi muMaitirwo Ekugadzira
Ma microcontrollers akatungamira kune nzira itsva dzekugadzira zvinhu. Iye zvino, ma microcontrollers anogona kushandisa AI uye neuromorphic computing . Izvi zvinobatsira michina kudzidza nekuchinja painoshanda. Unogona zvakare kushandisa RISC-V architecture kune magadzirirwo akagadzirwa uye akachipa.
Zano: RISC-V inoita kuti ugadzire zvigadzirwa zvakakosha nemari shoma. Inobatsirawo mazano matsva mukugadzira.
Indasitiri-Wide Shanduko uye Magadzirirwo
Ma microcontroller matsva anoreva kuti unofanira kutevedzera mitemo mitsva. Kuchinja kubva pa single-core kuenda ku multicore zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvinofanirwa kutaurirana. Unofanirawo kuchengetedza software yakachengeteka uye ichishanda zvakanaka, kunyanya neAI.
indasitiri | Chinodiwa Mazano Anokosha |
|---|---|
Automotive | Yakavimbika coding uye inogara kwenguva refu masisitimu |
Aerospace | Yakagadzika hardware uye mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza |
Consumer Tech | Chengetedzo yezvishandiso zvakangwara uye zvakabatana |
Iye zvino, zvigadzirwa zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvinoshanda zviri nani kupfuura kare. Microcontrollers vakaita masisitimu akangwara uye akabatana. Iwe uchaona zvimwe shanduko sezvo tekinoroji inova nani.
Wakaona ma microcontroller achichinja mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji. Heano matanho makuru :
Mumakore ekuma1970, microcontrollers akaisa pfungwa uye kugadzirisa pamwe chete.
Mumakore ekuma1980, 8-bit machipisi akaita zvemagetsi kusimba.
Mumakore ekuma1990, 16-bit uye 32-bit machipisi akabatsira minda mitsva kukura.
Muzana ramakore rechi21, IoT yakaita kuti zvishandiso zvitaure kune mumwe nemumwe.
Mumakore achangopfuura, akakosha maficha akaita otomatiki uye kutonga zviri nani.
Leap | Impact paMaapplication uye maIndustries |
|---|---|
Zvipfeko nemidziyo yekurapa zvakava zvechokwadi. | |
Real-Nguva Operating Systems | Mota nematurusi ezvokurapa zvakava neungwaru uye zvakachengeteka. |
Mune ramangwana, microcontrollers ichave neakawanda akangwara maficha. Chips achashanda pamwe chete zviri nani uye kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinotonhorera zvauchaita neanotevera mamicrocontrollers?
FAQ
Chii chinonzi microcontroller?
A microcontroller akafanana nekombuta diki pane imwe chip. Inobatsira kudzora zvinhu zvakaita semicrowaves, mota, uye matoyi. Iyo ine processor, ndangariro, uye yekuisa / kubuda zvese pamwechete.
Ko mamicrocontrollers anosiyana sei kubva kune microprocessors?
Microcontrollers vane ndangariro uye kupinza / kubuda mukati mavo. Iwe unoashandisa kune mamwe mabasa mumidziyo. Microprocessors inoda mamwe machipi ekurangarira uye yekuisa / kubuda. Iwe kazhinji unoona microprocessors mumakomputa.
Sei 8-bit microcontrollers ichiri kufarirwa?
Vanhu vachiri kushandisa 8-bit microcontrollers nekuti yakachipa uye inochengetedza simba. Izvo zvakanakira zvinhu zviri nyore senge zvinodzora kure uye zvidiki zvigadzirwa. Iwe unogona kuzvironga nyore nyore kune zvakakosha mabasa.
Unogona here kushandisa mamicrocontrollers pakudzidza hurongwa?
Ehe! Unogona kudzidza mapurogiramu uchishandisa ma microcontrollers akaita seArduino . Unonyora kodhi iri nyore uye unoiona ichidzora mwenje kana mota. Izvi zvinokuratidza mashandiro anoita makombiyuta muhupenyu chaihwo.
