Maitiro ekubatanidza maikorofoni uye kurekodha Audio neRaspberry Pi

Unogona kuseta maikorofoni neRaspberry Pi yako mumatanho mashoma. Vazhinji vanhu vanoshandisa USB maikorofoni, ekunze makadhi ekurira, kana Bluetooth zvishandiso. Vamwe vanotobatanidza maikorofoni yeMEMS I2S yakananga kumapini eGPIO-sekushandisa 3.3v simba, pasi, uye mapini 18, 19, uye 20 yewachi nedata. Kugadzirisa vhoriyamu yako yemakrofoni zvine basa kune yakajeka Raspberry Pi yekurekodha. Ingo tevera zvinongedzo zvakanaka, uye uchawana mibairo mikuru.

Batanidza Maikorofoni

Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza maikorofoni kune yako Raspberry Pi. Imwe neimwe nzira ine matanho ayo uye mapoinzi akanaka. Ngatitarisei sarudzo dzakajairika kuti iwe usarudze zvinokukodzera.

USB maikorofoni

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa maikorofoni yeusb kutanga nekuti iri nyore. Batanidza mu USB port. Iyo Raspberry Pi inowanzoiwana ipapo ipapo. Iwe haudi mamwe madhiraivha kana adapta. Kana iwe uchida kuseta nekukurumidza, USB maikorofoni ndiyo yakanaka. Iyo Raspberry Pi Pico inogona kushandisa USB 1.1 Host / Chishandiso maitiro. Iyo ine zvakare yakavakirwa-mukati ADC yekuisa odhiyo. Heano maitiro aungaita waya PDM mic kune Raspberry Pi Pico:

PDM Mic	Raspberry Pi Peak
3V	3V3
GND	GND
MUNYU	GND
DAT	GPIO2
CLK	GPIO3

Unogona kushandisa maikorofoni eusb kuita hurukuro dzezwi, podcasts, kana kurekodha ruzha. Vanoshanda zvakanaka uye havana matambudziko akawanda.

External Sound Card

Kana uchida ruzha rwuri nani, shandisa kadhi reruzha rekunze . Makadhi aya anobatanidzwa muchiteshi chako cheUSB. Anokupa simba rakawanda pamusoro peruzha. Mamwe, seWolfson Audio Card, anopa ruzha rwakanyanya. Haasi ese makadhi eruzha anoshanda neRaspberry Pi yega yega kana sisitimu. Semuenzaniso:

Nyaya Tsananguro	mudziyo	Kukanganisa Kwaonekwa
Hapana ruzha pamusoro pe USB Audio S/PDIF	Raspberry Pi 4	USB controller haigone kumisa zvinodiwa paramita; inowira kumashure kune HDMI odhiyo mudziyo

Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kana kadhi rako rekurira richishanda usati warishandisa.

Bluetooth maikorofoni

Maikorofoni yeBluetooth inoita kuti ubatanidze pasina waya. Izvi zvakanaka kana iwe uchida kushoma mess padhesiki rako. Asi maikorofoni eBluetooth anogona kunonoka kwemasekonzi 3-4. Iyi lag inogona kuita kuti ruzha rwako risaenderane nevhidhiyo yako. Ruzha runogonawo kunge rwuri rwemhando yakaderera nekuti Bluetooth ine miganhu.

Pros uye Cons

Heino chati inokurumidza kukubatsira kusarudza chinongedzo chemaikorofoni:

Rudzikinano	Tsanangudzo Yemhando Yekunzwika
USB maikorofoni	Easy uye inoshanda zvakanaka. Zvakanaka kune zvakawanda zvinhu. Kwete nguva dzose ruzha rwakanyanya, asi nyore kushandisa.
External Sound Card	Yakanakira ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro. Inogona kuda kumwe kuseta uye kutarisa kana inoshanda.
Bluetooth maikorofoni	Hapana waya uye nyore kufamba. Inogona kuva nekunonoka uye yakaderera inzwi nekuda kwemiganhu.

Zano: Zvekutanga kurekodha, USB maikorofoni ndiyo iri nyore. Pamumhanzi kana ruzha rwakanyanya, edza kadhi rekunze rekurira. Kana iwe uchida isina waya, Bluetooth yakanaka, asi panogona kunge paine lag.

Maikorofoni Setup

Batanidza uye Wona

Tanga nekudzvanya maikorofoni yako muRaspberry Pi yako. Kana iwe ukashandisa USB maikorofoni kana yekunze kadhi yekurira, ingoibatanidza kune USB port. Kune maikorofoni eBluetooth, batanidza chishandiso uchishandisa magadzirirwo eBluetooth paPi yako.

Kuti utarise kana Raspberry Pi yako ichiona maikorofoni yako, vhura iyo terminal uye nyora:

lsusb -t

Uyu murairo unoratidza zvese USB zvishandiso. Kana maikorofoni yako yakabatana, uchaona mutsara une Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Pi yako inoziva maikorofoni. Kana iwe uchida kuvaka chimwe chinhu chepamberi, unogona kushandisa maraibhurari ePython kuona odhiyo yekupinda kubva kumakrofoni. Izvi zvinoshanda nemapurojekiti anoda kutarisa maikorofoni otomatiki.

💡 Zano: Gara uchibatanidza maikorofoni yako usati watanga kurekodha. Izvi zvinobatsira Raspberry Pi yako kuwana mudziyo nekukasika.

Chengetedza Kubatana

Iwe unofanirwa kugara uine chokwadi chekuti Raspberry Pi yako inogona kushandisa maikorofoni, kwete kungoiona. Pane mimwe mirairo inobatsira yeizvi. Edza izvi mune yako terminal:

murayiro	tsananguro
chinyorwa -l	Inonyora zvese zviripo zvekurekodha
kutamba -l	Inonyora zvese zviripo zvekutamba

mhando arecord -l kuti uone kana maikorofoni yako ichiratidza semudziyo wekurekodha. Kana iwe ukaona mudziyo wako wakanyorwa, wagadzirira kurekodha odhiyo. Kana ukashandisa aplay -l, unogona kutarisa midziyo yako yekutamba zvakare.

Troubleshooting

Dzimwe nguva zvinhu hazvishande pakarepo. Heano mamwe matanho ekukurumidza kugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika:

• Ita shuwa kuti maikorofoni yako yakavharirwa munzira yese.

• Edza imwe chiteshi che USB kana Pi yako ikasaona maikorofoni.

• Tangazve yako Raspberry Pi mushure mekubaya mudziyo mutsva.

• YeBluetooth, tarisa kana chishandiso chakabatanidzwa uye chakabatana mumenyu yeBluetooth.

• Kana maikorofoni yako isati yaoneka, mhanya lsusb -t zvakare kuti uone kana iyo Pi yazviona.

• shandisa arecord -l kutarisa kaviri kana maikorofoni yako yakanyorwa.

🔍 Cherechedza: Kana uchiri kunetseka, edza kushandisa imwe maikorofoni kana tambo. Dzimwe nguva dambudziko rinenge riri pahardware, kwete paRaspberry Pi yako.

Nematanho aya, unogona kuseta uye kutarisa maikorofoni yako paRaspberry Pi. Paunongoona mudziyo wako mune rondedzero, wagadzirira kurekodha odhiyo!

Record Record

Wagadzirira maikorofoni yako. Iye zvino, ngatione kuti ungarekodha sei odhiyo paRaspberry Pi yako. Unogona kushandisa desktop kana mutsetse wemirairo. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinoshanda zvakanaka, saka unogona kusarudza chinonzwika sechiri nyore.

Desktop Kurekodha

Kana iwe uchida kushandisa mbeva uye windows, unogona kurekodha odhiyo kubva padesktop. Raspberry Pi OS inouya nematurusi akareruka. Unogona kushandisa yakavakirwa-mukati Sound Recorder app. Heano maitiro aunozviita:

1. Vhura menyu huru uye tsvaga "Sound Recorder."

2. Batanidza maikorofoni yako uye ita shuwa kuti yaonekwa.

3. Dzvanya bhatani dzvuku rekodhi kuti utange. Taura kana kuita inzwi rako.

4. Baya stop kana wapedza.

5. Sevha faira rako. Iyo app inochengetedza odhiyo yako sewav faira nekukasira.

Unogona kutamba zvakare kurekodha yako ipapo. Kana iwe uchida kurekodha odhiyo yepodcast kana chirongwa chechikoro, iyi nzira inokurumidza. Haufanire kutaipa chero mirairo. Unongodzvanya worekodha.

💡 Zano: Gara uchitarisa nhanho yemaikorofoni yako usati warekodha odhiyo kubva pakombiyuta. Izvi zvinokubatsira kudzivirira ruzha rwakanyarara kana rwakakanganisika.

Command Line Recording

Vamwe vanhu vanofarira kushandisa terminal. Unogona kurekodha odhiyo kubva kumutsara wekuraira nemudziyo unonzi arecord. Ichi chishandiso chikamu cheALSA, chinouya neRaspberry Pi OS. Unogona kuishandisa kurekodha odhiyo nenzira dzakasiyana.

Heino murairo wekutanga kurekodha odhiyo uye kuichengeta sewav faira:

arecord -D plughw:1,0 -f cd -t wav -d 10 test.wav

Ngatitarisei zvinoita izvi:

• -D plughw:1,0 inoudza arecord mudziyo wekushandisa. Ungangoda kushandura nhamba kana maikorofoni yako iri pane imwe mudziyo.

• -f cd inoseta kunaka kune CD level.

• -t wav inochengetedza faira sewav.

• -d 10 rekodhi kwemasekonzi gumi.

• test.wav ndiro zita refaira rako rekuteerera.

Unogona kushandura nguva kana zita refaira sezvaunoda. Kana iwe uchida kurekodha odhiyo kwenguva yakareba, ingoisa nhamba hombe mushure -d.

Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa Python nePyAudio kune imwe yepamusoro yekurekodha yekurekodha. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise ruzha munguva chaiyo kana kurongedza manzwi. Kuimisa, isa PyAudio ne:

sudo apt-get install python-pyaudio python3-pyaudio portaudio19-dev
pip install pyaudio

Iwe unogona ipapo kumhanyisa script seizvi:

python run_classifier.py --featurizer compiled_featurizer/mfcc --classifier compiled_classifier/model --categories categories.txt --wav_file audio --sample_rate 16000 --auto_scale

Iyi nzira yakanaka kana iwe uchida kurekodha odhiyo uye kuita zvakawanda nayo, sekugadzira akangwara mubatsiri kana inonzwika detector.

⚠️ Cherechedza: Dzimwe nguva, unogona kusangana nematambudziko kana uchirekodha odhiyo kubva pamutsetse wemirairo. Matambudziko anowanzoitika anosanganisira midziyo yeUSB yakawandisa, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweCPU, kana matambudziko emagetsi. Kana kurekodha odhiyo yako kusinganzwike zvakanaka, tarisa magetsi ako woedza kubvisa mamwe midziyo yeUSB.

Sevha uye Tsvaga Mafaira

Mushure mekurekodha odhiyo, unofanirwa kuziva kuti mafaera ako anoenda kupi. Iyo Sound Recorder app inowanzo chengetedza yako wav mafaera mufodhi yako yekumba kana iyo Mumhanzi folda. Kana iwe ukashandisa arecord, yako wav faira inochengetedza muforodha yawakamhanyisa rairo.

Heino tafura yekukurumidza kuratidza kuti ndeapi mafomati emafaira anoshanda zvakanyanya nerecord:

File Format	Kuenderana nerecord
wav	akatsigira
MP3	Kwete kutsigirwa
Ogg	Kwete kutsigirwa
FLAC	Kwete kutsigirwa

Unofanira kushandisa mafaira ewav nguva dzose kuti aenderane zvakanaka. Anoshanda nematurusi mazhinji ekurekodha odhiyo eRaspberry Pi.

Kana iwe ukarekodha odhiyo yakawanda, mafaera ako anogona kukura. Unoda kuchengetedza kwakanaka. Hedzino dzimwe sarudzo:

• MicroSD makadhi anoshanda nemazvo kune inoshanda sisitimu uye madiki maodhiyo mafaira. Sarudza kadhi rine inokwana 8GB, asi 32GB iri nani kana iwe uchirekodha odhiyo kazhinji.

• Madhiraivha e USB ari nyore kushandisa kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana Raspberry Pi yako iine USB 3.0, unowana kukurumidza kumhanya. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa yekunze hard drive, asi ita shuwa kuti ine yayo pachayo magetsi.

🗂️ Zano: Ronga mafaira ako ewav mumaforodha zvichienderana nezuva kana purojekiti. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana rekodhi yako yekurekodha gare gare.

Iwe zvino unoziva kurekodha odhiyo paRaspberry Pi yako. Iwe unogona kushandisa desktop kana mutsara wekuraira. Iwe unogona kuchengetedza mafaera ako ewav uye woachengeta akarongeka. Edza nzira mbiri uye uone kuti ndeipi yaunoda zvakanyanya!

Alsamixer Settings

Kuita kuti maikorofoni yako inzwike paRaspberry Pi inogona kunzwa kunyengera, asi alsa maturusi anoita kuti zvive nyore. Iwe unogona kushandisa alsamixer kubata maikorofoni vhoriyamu, kuwedzera maikorofoni yako, uye ita shuwa kuti marekodhi ako anonzwika zvakajeka mune yega wav faira yaunogadzira.

Vhura Alsamixer

Iwe une nzira mbiri huru dzekuvhura alsamixer. Kana iwe ukashandisa iyo Raspberry Pi desktop, tsvaga iyo odhiyo icon mukona yepamusoro-kurudyi. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utore marongero eruzha nekungodzvanya zvishoma. Kana iwe uchida iyo terminal, vhura uye nyora:

sudo alsamixer

Uyu murairo unounza skrini ine ruvara kwaunogona kudzora ako ese alsa odhiyo zvishandiso. Dzimwe nguva, unogona kuona mhosho meseji senge alsa-lib main.c:1541:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2. Kana izvi zvikaitika, tarisa kuti maikorofoni yako yakabairwa uye yaonekwa.

Chinja Zvishandiso

Alsamixer inogona kukuratidza michina yakawanda. Iwe unogona kuona yako USB maikorofoni, yekunze kadhi rekurira, kana kunyange Bluetooth odhiyo. Shandisa F6 kiyi kuchinja pakati pemidziyo. Sarudza yaunoda kugadzirisa. Kana iwe usingaone maikorofoni yako, edza kuiisa mukati zvakare kana kutangazve Raspberry Pi yako. Dzimwe nguva, unogona kuwana zvikanganiso senge arecord: pcm_read:2221: read error: Input/output error. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti mudziyo hausati wagadzirira kana kuti hauna kubatana.

Chinja Vhoriyamu

Paunenge uchinge wasarudza mudziyo wako, shandisa kuruboshwe uye kurudyi museve makiyi kufamba pakati pezvinodzora. Miseve yekukwira nekudzika inoshandura vhoriyamu. Tarisa maikorofoni yekupinda woisimudza kana pasi sezvinodiwa. Kana marekodhi ako akanzwika akanyarara kana kuti ruzha muwav faira yako, tweak mazinga pano. Kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka, chengeta vhoriyamu iri pasi pepamusoro kuti udzivise kukanganisa. Kana iwe uchida kumwe kukwidziridzwa, tsvaga marongero anonzi "mic boost" kana "kukwidziridza maikorofoni." Izvi zvinobatsira kana inzwi rako richiita serakapera.

💡 Zano: Gara uchiyedza marongero ako nekurekodha faira pfupi rewav. Ridzorere woteerera kana paine kurira kana kurira. Kana ukanzwa matambudziko, deredza vhoriyamu zvishoma kana kufambisa maikorofoni yako kure nemuromo wako.

Ne alsa uye alsamixer, unogona kugadzirisa yako yekuseta odhiyo. Iwe uchawana ruzha rwuri nani kune yega wav faira yaunorekodha.

Raspberry Pi Audio Kurekodha Mazano

Maitiro Akanakisisa

Unoda kuti rekodhi yako yeraspberry pi iite zvakanaka. Edza mazano aya ari nyore kuti akubatsire kuwana ruzha rwakajeka nguva dzese:

• Shandisa maikorofoni yekunze. Maikorofoni yakavakirwa mukati inogamuchira ruzha rwakawanda. Maikorofoni yekunze inokupa ruzha rwuri nani pakurekodha odhiyo yako yeraspberry pi.

• Edza maapplication akasiyana ekurekodha. Mamwe maapplication anoshanda zvirinani nemamwe maikorofoni. Edza mashoma kuti uone kuti ndeapi anonyanya kushanda pakurekodha odhiyo yeraspberry pi yako.

• Ita shuwa kuti maikorofoni yako neapp zvinoshanda pamwechete usati watanga. Izvi zvinokubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko gare gare.

• Lower background ruzha. Unogona kushandisa noisereduce raibhurari muPython kuchenesa yako odhiyo:

  rate, data = wavfile.read("mywav.wav")
  reduced_noise = nr.reduce_noise(y=data, sr=rate)
  wavfile.write("mywav_reduced_noise.wav", rate, reduced_noise)
  

• Cheka zvikamu zvisingatauri kubva pane zvakarekodhwa. The pyAudioAnalysis raibhurari inokubatsira kubvisa zvikamu zvakanyarara:

  [Fs, x] = aIO.read_audio_file(file)
  segments = aS.silence_removal(x, Fs, 0.020, 0.020, smooth_window=1.0, weight=0.3, plot=True)
  

• Tsvaga nhungamiro dzinoratidza maitiro ekurekodha uye kuridza odhiyo nemavhidhiyo. nhungamiro idzi dzine mamwe mazano ekurekodha odhiyo yeraspberry pi.

💡 Zano: Gara uchiongorora gadziriro yako usati wanyora chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Kuedza nekukurumidza kunogona kukubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko.

Kugadzirisa Audio

Dzimwe nguva, kurekodha odhiyo yeraspberry pi hakushande zvakanaka. Heano mamwe matanho aunogona kuedza kana uine matambudziko:

Step	Action
1	Vhura terminal uye mhanya sudo apt-get remove pulseaudio kusunungura PulseAudio.
2	Tangazve yako Raspberry Pi mushure mekubvisa PulseAudio.
3	Kana ukashandisa yekare OS, mhanya sudo apt-get update ndokuzo sudo apt-get install pulseaudio kuisa PulseAudio kumashure.
4	pepeta /etc/pulse/default.pa uye wedzera tsched=0 kuita kuti odhiyo ive nani.
5	Sevha shanduko dzako uye tangazve yako Raspberry Pi.
6	Edza audio yako ne speaker-test -c2 -t wav.

Unogonawo kuwana zvidzidzo zvinoratidza magadzirirwo emamaikorofoni eUSB, makadhi eruzha ekunze, uye maikorofoni eBluetooth. Aya maguidhi anobatsira nekurekodha odhiyo yeraspberry pi yezvinhu zvakaita sekuziva izwi kana masisitimu ekuchengetedza.

Kana ukatevera mazano aya nematanho aya, kurekodha kwako kweraspberry pi kuchanzwika zviri nani uye kunoshanda zvakanaka.

Iwe wakadzidza kubatanidza maikorofoni uye kurekodha odhiyo neRaspberry Pi yako. Vanhu vazhinji vanowana mhedzisiro yakanaka kana vakaita aya matanho:

• Batanidza maikorofoni yako uye ona kuti inoshanda.

• Chinja inzwi kuti inzwi rako rive rakajeka.

• Rekodha izwi rako uye chengetedza faira.

Kuedza maikorofoni akasiyana kunokubatsira kusarudza yaunoda zvakanyanya. Heino chati yakapfava inoratidza iyo imwe neimwe maikorofoni yakanakira:

Rudzi rweMicrophone	Applications
USB maikorofoni	Podcasting, Kuzivikanwa kwezwi, Vhidhiyo kufona, Kumba otomatiki
Electret Condenser Maikorofoni	Kurekodha odhiyo, Kuona nzvimbo, Kutarisa nharaunda
MEMS Maikorofoni	Noise sensors, Diki gadget, IoT mapurojekiti

Edza kuseta maikorofoni yako, shandura marongero ako, uye unakirwe neruzha rwakanaka nguva dzese!

FAQ

Ndinoziva sei kana maikorofoni yangu ichishanda neRaspberry Pi?

Unogona kutarisa mudziyo wako ne arecord -l command. Kana iwe ukaona maikorofoni yako yakanyorwa, wagona kuenda. Edza kurekodha kapfupi kuti uedze ruzha.

Ndinogona kushandisa maikorofoni akawanda panguva imwe chete?

Ehe, unogona kubatanidza anopfuura imwe maikorofoni. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera muapp yako yekurekodha kana kushandisa iyo chaiyo nhamba yemudziyo muterminal.

Sei kurekodha kwangu kwakanyarara kana ruzha?

Edza kugadzirisa vhoriyamu mu alsamixer. Svedzera maikorofoni yako pedyo kana kure kure. Ita shuwa kuti hapana ruzha rwekumashure rwakanyanya. Edza zvirongwa zvakasiyana kusvika wawana ruzha rwakajeka.

Ndeipi faira fomati yandinofanira kushandisa kuchengetedza odhiyo?

Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvako se WAV mafaera. Iyi fomati inoshanda zvakanyanya neRaspberry Pi zvishandiso. Kana uchida mafaira madiki, unogona kuashandura gare gare.