Yekutanga yekuongorora nzira yeop amps: chaiyo yakavhurika dunhu, chaiyo pfupi dunhu. Kune isingazivikanwe op amp application maseketi, shandisa iyi yakakosha nzira yekuongorora.
Op amps midziyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kana yakabatana kune yakakodzera mhinduro network, inogona kushandiswa seyakanyatsojeka AC uye DC amplifiers, anoshanda mafirita, oscillator, uye voltage comparators.
- Kushandisa op amps mukusefa inoshanda
Iyo nhamba iri pamusoro ndeye yakajairika inoshanda sefa seti (Saron-Kayl wedunhu, rudzi rweButterworth dunhu). Kubatsira kwekuita kusefa ndeyekuti inogona kuita masaini akakura kupfuura cutoff frequency kuora nekukurumidza, uye maitiro ekusefa haadi yakakwira capacitance uye kuramba.
Magadzirirwo edunhu iri ndeaya: pasi pemamiriro ekusangana akakodzera cutoff frequency, iyo yekupokana yeR233 neR230 inofanirwa kusarudzwa inopindirana sezvinobvira, uye capacitance yeC50 neC201 inofanirwa kusarudzwa seyakafanana (apo kupokana uye kugona kweiyo-matanho maviri eRC wedunhu akaenzana, inodaidzwa kuti Kayl dhizaini inogona kuita sefa yedhisheni) performance. Pakati pavo, iyo resistor R280 inodzivirira iyo yekupinda kubva pakumiswa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuburitsa kweiyo op amp.
Iwo matatu anonyanya kushandiswa echipiri-odha anoshanda yakaderera-pass sefa masefa ekusefa ndeaya: Butterworth, monotonically decreasing, flat and smoothest curve;
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa muButterworth yakaderera-pass kusefa iSaron-Kayl dunhu, inova dunhu rakateedzerwa.
Kune sefa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva iyo cutoff frequency, kana iwe unogona kunyora basa rekutamisa uye frequency mhinduro.
Kana iyo sefa zvakare iine amplification basa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuwana kwesefa.
Kana iyo yekupokana uye capacitance kukosha kwembiri-nhanho RC wedunhu yakaenzana, inonzi Serenka wedunhu. Mhinduro isina kunaka inounzwa mune yechipiri-yakarongeka inoshanda dunhu kuita kuti inobuda voltage idonhe nekukurumidza mune yakakwirira frequency renji.
Kuwana kwepassband kwechipiri-kurongeka kunoshanda pasi-pass filter circuit ndeye 1 + Rf / R1, iyo yakafanana neyekutanga-yakaderera-pass filter circuit;
Ziva kuti unit ye m is ohm uye unit yeN ndiu
Saka iyo cutoff frequency inoverengerwa kuve
Chebyshev, inokurumidza kuora, asi ine mafungu mupassband;
Bessel (elliptical), phase shift inoenderana ne frequency, uye kunonoka kweboka kunogara kuripo.
2. Kushandisa op amp mumagetsi comparator
Iyi dunhu inonyatso musanganiswa we zero-kuyambuka comparator uye yakadzika amplifier circuit.
Kubuda kunowedzerwa ne (1+R292/R273). Iyo yakakwira iyo amplification factor, inokwira kumucheto kweskweya wave.
Iko kune zvakare yakakosha chikamu chekupikisa kukosha mudunhu rino rinoda kutariswa, iro R275, iro rinotarisa kukwira kwekumhanya kwesquare wave.
3. Dhizaini yenguva dzose ikozvino sosi redunhu
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, iyo inogara iripo ikozvino yekuongorora maitiro ndeaya anotevera:
U5B (iyo yepasi op amp mumufananidzo uri pamusoro) iteveri yemagetsi, saka V1 = V4;
Zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo ipfupi musimboti wekushanda amplifier, yeiyo op amp U4A (iyo yepamusoro op amp mumufananidzo uri pamusoro): V3 = V5;
Kubatanidza equations iri pamusoro, tinowana:
Kana iyo referensi voltage Vref yakagadziriswa pa 1.8V, iyo resistor R30 ndeye 3.6, uye ikozvino inobuda inogara iri pa 0.5mA.
Iri rinogara riripo redunhu redunhu rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinogara zviripo zvemamwe mafungu. Pfungwa huru ndeiyi: vese vanopikisa vanofanirwa kushandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo resistors ine inopindirana yekupokana. Iyo yekupinza referensi voltage (uchishandisa yakakosha referensi voltage chip) inokamurwa nekupokana kukosha kuti uwane inobuda ikozvino.
Nekudaro, mukushandisa chaiko, kuitira kuchengetedza iyo inogara iripo sosi yedunhu, diode uye resistor zvinowanzobatanidzwa munhevedzano kumagumo ekubuda. Kubatsira kwekutanga kweichi ndiko kudzivirira kupindira kwekunze kubva pakupinda iyo inogara iripo sosi yedunhu, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kune inogara iripo ikozvino sosi redunhu, uye chechipiri, kudzivirira kunze kwemutoro kubva kupfupi-kutenderera, kuti usakuvadza iyo inogara iripo sosi redunhu.
5. Thermal resistance measurement circuit
Dunhu riri pamufananidzo riri pamusoro ndeyakajairika thermal resistor/couple measurement circuit. Pfungwa yekuyera ndeye: 1-10mA inogara iripo sosi inowedzerwa kumutoro, iyo inoburitsa imwe voltage pamutoro, uye voltage inosefa. Mushure mekugadzirisa, chiratidzo chinogadziriswa (signal amplification kana attenuation), uye pakupedzisira chiratidzo chinotumirwa kune ADC interface.
Paunenge uchishandisa dunhu iri, teerera kushandisa dziviriro pamagumo ekupinza. TVS inogona kubatanidzwa mukufanana, asi teerera kune maitiro emacapacitor pakuyera kwechiyero. Zvechokwadi, kana mune dzimwe nguva dzinodhura, dhiyagiramu yedunhu iri pamusoro inogona kurerutswa kudunhu rinotevera
Mukushandiswa kweanoshanda amplifiers, voltage follower chinhu chakajairika application. Zvikomborero zvedunhu iri ndezvi: kutanga, zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwemutoro pane chiratidzo chechiratidzo; chechipiri, inovandudza kukwanisa kwechiratidzo kutakura mutoro.
7.Kushandiswa kwesimba rimwe chete
Mukushandiswa chaiko kwemaop amps, isu tinowanzo shandisa mbiri mbiri magetsi kuchengetedza ma frequency maitiro eiyo op amps. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva mukushandisa chaiko, isu tinongove negetsi rimwe chete uye tinogona zvakare kuwana zvakajairika kushanda kweop amp.
Kutanga, isu tinoshandisa op amp muteveri wedunhu kuwana VCC/2 voltage divider:
Ehe, kana izvo zvinodiwa zvisina kunyanya kukwira, tinogona kupatsanura zvakananga voltage nevanopikisa kuti tiwane + VCC/2, asi nekuda kwehunhu hweresistor voltage division, kukurumidza kwayo kwekupindura kunononoka, saka ndapota ishandise nekuchenjerera.
Mushure mekuwana + VCC/2, tinogona kushandisa simba rimwe chete kuti tiwane chiratidzo chekusimudzira basa, sezvinoratidzwa pazasi:
Mudunhu iri, R66 = R67// R68, uye kubuda kwechiratidzo ndiko G = -R67/R68.
Iyo chaiyo yekushandisa inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi: iyo op amp inofambiswa neimwechete +5V_AD, uye voltage yeAD chip i3.3V (yakawanikwa nereferensi voltage chip REF3033). Iyo 3.3V inopatsanurwa nevanopikisa uye inoteverwa neop amp kuwana 1.65V, iyo inopihwa kune op amp's in-phase yekuisa terminal.
