Mauya! Kana iwe uchinzwa kunetseka nezve kudzidza plc programming, hausi wega. Unogona kutanga usina ruzivo uye uchiri kuita zvakanaka. PLCs kubatsira kudzora kuti yakawanda sei zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira magirazi. Vanoita kuti kugadzira chikafu kwakachengeteka. Vanoitawo kuti kugadzira mapepa kushande zviri nani. Uchaona PLCs mumarudzi akawanda emabasa, sesimba nemotokari. Tarisa mamwe emhando yepamusoro patafura iri pazasi:
indasitiri | kosha PLC Brands |
|---|---|
Manufacturing | Siemens, Allen-Bradley |
simba | Siemens, Schneider Electric |
Automotive | Siemens, Allen-Bradley |
The PLC musika unoramba uchikura. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwehunyanzvi uhu.
PLC Programming Basics
Chii chiri PLC?
Ungabvunza kuti ma "programmable logic controllers" akaita sei. Midziyo iyi inoita kunge makombiyuta madiki. Haangoiti masvomhu chete. Ma "programmable logic controllers" anobatsira kudzora michina mumafekitori. Unoiona mumaindasitiri akawanda. Hezvino zvinotaurwa nemapoka epamusoro e "otomatiki" nezve "programmable logic controllers":
A programmable logic controller idiki, yakasimba-state komputa yakagadzirirwa mabasa akakosha.
Programmable logic controllers dzakatora nzvimbo yekare mechani relays.
Vakachinja mafekitori nekuita otomatiki kuve nyore, kuchengetedza mari, uye kubatsira kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvirinani.
Funga nezvezvinorongwa zvinonzwisisika zvinodzora sehuropi hweautomated system. Ivo vanoita sarudzo vachishandisa ruzivo kubva kune sensors uye switch.
Sei Kudzidza PLC Programming?
Kudzidza plc programming inokubatsira kuwana mabasa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Iwe unosvika pakushanda nemichina uye kugadzirisa matambudziko. Iwe unobatsira makambani kushanda zviri nani. Programmable logic controllers vanoita zvinhu zvakakosha:
Dzora apo michina inotanga uye kumira
Tarisa pamusoro pemitsetse yekugadzira
Batsira midziyo kutaura kune imwe neimwe
Batsira basa regungano
Shandisa zvine musoro kuita kuti basa rikurumidze uye richengetedzeke
Paunodzidza plc programming, vashandirwi vanokuona. A PLC Technician certificate inokubatsira kumira kunze. Unoshanda zvakachengeteka uye nekukurumidza. Iwe unogona kubata mapurojekiti makuru uye kuwana mamwe mabasa. Musika webasa wevanoronga logic controller uri kukura. Mafekitori ari kudzoka kuUS Tekinoroji nyowani iri kuchinja magadzirirwo ezvinhu. PLC vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanogona kuwana mari inosvika madhora makumi manomwe nemazana mana nemakumi mashanu. Mimwe mishumo inoti mabasa anogona kudonha ne7% kubva 2018 kusvika 2028. Asi mapurojekiti matsva otomatiki anoramba achionekwa.
Zvinotarisirwa
Usati watanga plc programming, unoda humwe hunyanzvi hwekutanga. Heino rondedzero iri nyore yekukubatsira kugadzirira:
Dzidza mazano emagetsi ekutanga semaseketi uye masisitimu ekudzora.
Ziva akasiyana programmable logic controller uye zvavanoita.
Tanga kudzidza manera zvine musoro, inova ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuronga zvinorongeka zvinorongeka.
Sarudza PLC chikuva, chakadai saAllen Bradley kana Siemens.
Isa iyo programming software pakombuta yako.
Verenga zvinyorwa uye mazano kubva ku PLC muiti.
Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda, tarisa aya maturusi ekutanga :
Resource | tsananguro |
|---|---|
PLC Zvishandiso zvekudzidzisa zveTechnicians, Electrician, Operators, & Engineers | Yemahara tutorials uye mavhidhiyo pane programmable logic controllers, Hardware, programming, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye dhizaini. |
PLC Kuronga KUNYORERA (Chikamu 1) | Kosi inovhara Hardware, system setup, uye kutanga nemanera logic. |
Zano: Sarudza imwe PLC papuratifomu uye dzidzira manera logic mirairo seXIC, XIO, uye OTE. Izvi zvinokubatsira iwe kuvaka hwaro hwakasimba hweanorongeka logic controllers.
Ladder Logic Overview
Chii chinonzi Ladder Logic?
Ungashamisika kuti chii ladder logic programming zvinoreva. Inzira yekuudza a PLC zvekuita uchishandisa mapikicha anoita seakare emagetsi relay maseketi. Ladder logic programming inoshandisa zviratidzo nemitsara, saka unogona kuona kuti zvinhu zvinobatana sei. Ukatarisa madhayagiramu emanera, unoona mitsetse miviri yakatwasuka inonzi rails. Idzi njanji dzinoita sechitubu chemagetsi uye pasi. Pakati pavo, unowana mitsetse yakachinjika inonzi rungs. Rung imwe neimwe inoratidza nhanho mukutonga. Ladder logic madhayagiramu anoita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kutevera mafambiro emagetsi uye pfungwa. Kana iwe uine magetsi kumashure, ladder logic programming inonzwa kujaira. Iwe haufanire kuve nyanzvi yekombuta kuti utange manera logic programming. Iwe unongoda kudzidza kuverenga madhayagiramu emanera uye kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nechiratidzo chimwe nechimwe.
Zano: Ladder logic programming inonziwo manera madhayagiramu kana LD. Chimiro chacho chinoratidzika semanera, ane mitsara yepfungwa inobatanidza njanji.
Ladder Diagram Elements
Paunotanga manera logic programming, unoshanda nezvinhu zvakasiyana mumadhayagiramu emanera. Zvikamu zvikuru zvinosanganisira magetsi njanji, horizontal links, uye vertical links. Heino tafura yakapusa yekukubatsira iwe kunzwisisa manera logic madhayagiramu:
Element Rudzi | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Simba Rails | Mitsetse yakatwasuka kudivi rega rega remadhayagiramu emanera. Vanoratidza panopinda simba nekubuda. |
Horizontal Link Element | Mitsetse yakachinjika inopfuudza nyika kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi mumadhayagiramu emanera. |
Vertical Link Element | Mitsetse yakatwasuka inoyambuka mativi akachinjika. Vanoratidza iyo OR mamiriro mumanera madhayagiramu. |
Iwe zvakare unoshandisa vanobatika, makoiri, uye nguva mune manera logic programming. Mazita anoita sema switch. Vanorega ikozvino kuyerera kana kuimisa. Coils zvinhu zvinobuda. Vanobatidza kana kudzima zvinhu. Nguva dzinowedzera kunonoka, saka zviito zvinoitika mushure menguva yakatarwa. Paunenge uchidzidzira manera logic programming, unowana zvirinani pakunzwisisa manera logic diagram uye kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei pamwechete.
Logic Masuo
Logic magedhi anokubatsira iwe kudzora mafambiro masaini mumanera logic programming. Iwe unoshandisa magedhi se AND, OR, uye KWETE mumadhayagiramu emanera. Gedhi rimwe nerimwe rine basa rinokosha. Heano kukurumidza kutarisa mabatiro avanoita mumanera logic diagrams:
UYE Gedhi : Rinobatidza chinobuda chete kana zvese zvinopinda zvakabatidzwa.
KANA Gedhi : Rinobatidza chinobuda kana paine chinhu chiri kuvhurwa.
HAPANA Gedhi : Rinodzima chinongedzo. Kana chakabatidzwa, chinobuda chinenge chadzimwa.
NAND Gedhi : Inodzima chinobuda chete kana zvese zvinopinda zvakabatidzwa.
NOR Gedhi : Inobatidza chinobuda chete kana zvese zvinopinda zvadzimwa.
Gedhi reXOR : Rinobatidza chinobuda kana ma inputs akasiyana.
Gedhi reXNOR : Rinobatidza chinobuda kana ma inputs akafanana.
Heino tafura yekukubatsira iwe kunzwisisa manera logic diagram uye kuti magedhi anotaridzika sei mune manera logic programming:
Logic Gate | Ladder Logic Representation |
|---|---|
UYE Gedhi | Y = A *B |
OR Gedhi | Y = A + B |
KWETE Gedhi | Y = (!A) |
NAND Gate | Y = (!(A*B)) |
NOR Gate | Y = (!(A + B)) |
EX-OR Gedhi | Y = (A*(!B)) + ((!A)*B) |
EX-NOR Gedhi | Y = (A B) + ((!A) (!B)) |
Paunoshandisa manera logic programming, unovaka madhayagiramu emanera nemagedhi aya ekudzora michina. Iwe unogona kugadzira akareruka kana akaoma manera logic diagram. Kunyanya iwe uchidzidzira manera logic programming, zvinova nyore kugadzira uye kugadzirisa manera madhayagiramu.
PLC Programming Matanho
Kudzidza kuronga mapurogiramu eplc kunova nyore kana ukazvipatsanura kuita matanho akajeka. Ngatifambei muchikamu chimwe nechimwe pamwe chete. Muchaona kuti tingabva sei pakufunga kuenda pachirongwa chinoshanda. Tichashandisa muenzaniso uri nyore: kubatidza mwenje neswitch.
Ziva Chinetso
Yese purojekiti inotanga nedambudziko rekugadzirisa. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvaunoda kuti automation system yako iite. Heano maitiro aunokwanisa kuona dambudziko rinokodzera plc hurongwa:
Tsanangura zvaunoda kuti system iite. Semuenzaniso, "Batidza mwenje kana ndichidzvanya switch."
Nyora zvigadziriso zvese zvekushandisa (senge switch kana masensa) nemidziyo inobuda (semwenje kana mota).
Sarudza kuti ndeupi logic yaunoda. Rambi rinofanira kuramba rakabatidzwa kusvikira wadzvanya switch zvakare here? Kana kudzima paunoregedza?
Funga nezvekuchengeteka. Pane angakuvara here kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza?
Mazhinji mapurojekiti ekutanga anoshandisa plc programming kugadzirisa matambudziko akaita seaya:
Traffic light control
Kudzora kwemvura
Conveyor bhandi otomatiki
Garage gonhi rekutonga
Imba otomatiki (semwenje kana mafeni)
Zano: Tanga nepurojekiti diki, sekubatidza mwenje ne switch. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti udzidze izvo zvekutanga usati waenda kune makuru masisitimu.
Wiring uye Diagrams
Kana wangoziva dambudziko rako, unofanirwa kubatanidza zvishandiso zvako kune PLC. Wiring chikamu chikuru cheplc programming. Iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera akajairwa wiring dhayagiramu kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakachengeteka uye zvakarongeka.
Power Supply Wiring: Batanidza iyo PLC kurudyi AC kana DC simba sosi.
Earthing: Gara uchigadzira yako PLC. Izvi zvinokudzivirira iwe nemidziyo yako.
Kupinza waya nezvinobuda : Chengetedza waya dzekupinda (dzakaita semaswichi) newaya dzinobuda (dzakaita semwenje) dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira ruzha nekuvhiringidza magetsi.
Usati watanga wiring, yeuka aya matanho ekuchengetedza:
Tarisa kune njodzi munzvimbo yako yebasa.
Shandisa Lockout-tagout (LOTO) kuve nechokwadi kuti michina inogara kure paunenge uchishanda.
Pfeka giya rekuchengetedza, semagirovhosi nemagirazi.
Edza wiring yako usati wabatidza magetsi.
Tarisa kaviri kuti zvese zvekuchengetedza zvinoshanda.
Cherechedza: Usambofa wakamhanyisa wiring. Basa rakangwarira rinochengeta iwe nemidziyo yako yakachengeteka.
Isa Software
Unoda software yakakosha kuti unyore uye uedze mapurogiramu ako eplc. Makambani mazhinji anopa mapuratifomu anobatsira vanotanga:
Siemens TIA Portal
Codesys
Beckhoff TwinCAT
B&R Automation Studio
Sarudza software inoenderana neyako PLC brand. Igadze pakombuta yako. Zvirongwa zvizhinji zvinouya nezvidzidzo zvekukubatsira kuti utange.
Networking
PLCs kazhinji inoda kutaura kune mamwe maturusi. Networking inobvumira yako PLC kugovera data kana kuwana mirairo kubva pakombuta. Heano mamwe akajairika networking sarudzo:
Networking Option | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Remote I/O | Inodzora zvinopinda uye zvinobuda kubva kure uchishandisa tambo kana fiber optics. |
Peer-to-Peer Networks | Links akati wandei PLCs pamwechete kuitira kuti vagovane data. |
Host Computer Links | Inobatanidza PLCs kumakomputa kuti uwane mamwe data kugadzirisa uye kuronga. |
Paunenge uchigadzira networking, unogona kutarisana nematambudziko mashoma:
Hardware inofanirwa kuenderana uye kushanda pamwe chete.
Zvikanganiso zvemufungo zvinogona kuitika kana ukasaedza chirongwa chako.
Chengetedzo yakakosha. Dzivirira yako PLC kubva kune hackers.
Maintenance inochengeta system yako ichishanda zvakanaka.
Kudzidza kunotora nguva, saka shivirira iwe pachako.
Zano: Tanga nekubatanidza kuri nyore. Wedzera zvimwe zvishandiso paunenge wakasununguka.
Nyora Chirongwa
Ikozvino kunouya chikamu chinonakidza-kunyora yako plc programming! Heino nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara:
Ronga purogiramu yako. Dhirowa dhayagiramu kana kunyora zvaunoda kuti zviitike.
Zarura yenyu PLC Software.
Gadzira chirongwa chitsva uye sarudza yako PLC muenzaniso.
Wedzera rung kune chimwe nechimwe chiito. Kune yedu muenzaniso, iwe unowedzera rung inobatidza mwenje kana iwe uchidzvanya switch.
Wedzera mamiriro kana zvichidikanwa. Pamwe unoda kuti mwenje udzime paunosunungura switch.
Edza chirongwa chako mune software.
Nyora zvinhu zvose. Mabhii akanaka anobatsira iwe nevamwe kunzwisisa basa rako.
Heino tafura iri nyore yemuenzaniso wedu-chinja-chinja:
Input / Output | tsananguro |
|---|---|
IN1 | SWITCH1 (Kazhinji Kuvhurwa) |
OUT1 | Chiedza chekudzora relay coil CR1 |
Yekutanga manera logic rung yeiyi inogona kutaridzika senge:
|----[ ]----( )----|
IN1 OUT1
Paunodzvanya switch (IN1), mwenje (OUT1) unobatidza.
Tevedzera uye Edza
Usati washandisa chirongwa chako pamidziyo chaiyo, unofanirwa kuiyedza. Simulation inobatsira iwe kuwana zvikanganiso pasina kuisa njodzi kukuvara.
Maitiro Akanyanya | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kushandisa Simulators | edza PLC software simulators yekuyedza kodhi yako zvakachengeteka. |
Separate Environments | Chengetedza kuyedza kwako uye masisitimu chaiwo akaparadzana. |
Zvinyorwa Zvakakodzera | Nyora pasi zvaunoshandura uye nei. |
Mamwe maturusi ekuenzanisa akakurumbira evatangi anosanganisira:
Codesys (yemahara)
Ita-More Simulator (yemahara)
OpenPLC Editor (yemahara)
nyorePLC (yakabhadharwa)
Machines Simulator (yakabhadharwa)
Zvibvunze mibvunzo iyi paunenge uchisarudza simulator:
Inotsigira mutauro waunoda kushandisa here?
Unogona kuyedza kodhi yako munguva chaiyo?
Ndeyemahara here kana kuti inotengwa?
Ongorora: Gara uchiyedza chirongwa chako mune simulator usati waishandisa pamakina chaiwo. Izvi zvinokuchengetedza iwe nemidziyo yako zvakachengeteka.
Kana wapedza kuyedza, isa chirongwa chako ku PLC. Tarisa kuti zvinoshanda sei nemidziyo chaiyo. Kana chimwe chinhu chisingashande, dzokera ugadzirise pfungwa dzako. Kuedza uye kugadzirisa matambudziko zvikamu zvakakosha zveplc programming.
Matambudziko ekugadzirisa
Zvakajairika Kukanganisa
Unogona kumhanyira mumapundu mashoma paunotanga kushanda nawo PLCs. Usanetseka—munhu wose anokanganisa pakutanga! Heano mamwe eanowanzoitika zvikanganiso vanotarisana nevanotangisa:
Kuronga kwakashata pamberi pechirongwa. Kana iwe ukasvetukira mukati usina chirongwa chakajeka, zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa nekukurumidza.
Kuregeredza scan kutenderera nguva. PLCs kushanda mumatenderedzwa, uye kusaziva kuti izvi zvinokanganisa sei kodhi yako zvinogona kukonzera kushamisika.
Kushandisa zvakanyanya kunonoka uye nguva. Yakawandisa nguva inogona kuita kuti system yako iite zvinoshamisa kana kusavimbika.
Kuregeredza mashoko uye zvinyorwa. Kana iwe ukasvetuka kunyora manotsi mukodhi yako, kugadzirisa matambudziko gare gare kunowedzera kuoma.
Kutadza kutevedzera kana kuedza nemazvo. Kuisa kodhi pasina kuyedzwa kunogona kuve nengozi, kunyanya kune yakakosha masisitimu.
Zano: Gara uchitora nguva kuronga purojekiti yako uye nyora pasi izvo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chekodhi yako chinoita. Izvi zvichakuchengetera misoro gare gare!
Debugging Matanho
Kana chimwe chinhu chikasashanda, unoda zano rakanaka rekutsvaga nekugadzirisa dambudziko. Edza aya matanho kuita kuti debugging zvive nyore:
Tarisa kuti mirairo senge IF-THEN-ELSE, timers, uye macounter akamiswa nemazvo.
Tarisa kaviri masvomhu ako, kunyanya kana ukashandisa sensor data.
Shandisa maturusi ekugadzirisa matambudziko musoftware yako:
Watch Window inokutendera kuti uone kuchinja kwetsika panguva chaiyo.
Mapundu anokubatsira kuti umire wotarisa zviri kuitika.
Kuitwa Kwematanho Mamwechete kunokutendera kuti uongorore kodhi yako mutsetse mumwe panguva.
Ita shuwa kuti waya dzese uye zvinongedzo zvakasimba uye munzvimbo chaiyo.
Tarisa macode ezvikanganiso mu PLC manual. Aya macode anowanzo kunongedzera kune dambudziko.
Bvunza mibvunzo mumaforamu epamhepo. Vamwe vashandisi vanogona kunge vakagadzirisa nyaya imwe chete.
Shanda danho nedanho. Dzivisa kuchinja zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.
Edza uye nyora pasi shanduko yega yega usati waishandisa pamidziyo chaiyo.
Edza simulation software kubata zvikanganiso zvisati zvakonzera dambudziko.
Shandisa vhezheni control kuti utarise kuchinja kwekodhi yako.
Kuwedzera Kudzidza
Iwe unogona kuramba uchivaka hunyanzvi hwako nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvikuru. Funga nezvebhajeti yako, zvaunoda kudzidza, uye kuti unoda kudzidza sei. Makosi emahara inzira yakanaka yekutanga. Mabhuku anogona kubatsira kana uchida kunzwisisa kwakadzama.
The Online PLC Programming Technician Training inokupa iwe kubhadhara-se-iwe-kudzidza kuwana. Iwe unowana zvese zvekushandisa uye zvimwe zviwanikwa kuti zvikubatsire kudzidza zvakawanda.
Heino kutarisa nekukurumidza kune mamwe makosi ane mukurumbira:
Course Title | Zvidzidzo | Level | setifiketi | Rating (Ongororo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PLC Kuronga kubva kuScratch 1 | 20 | Kutanga | Ehe | 4.9 (18 wongororo) |
PLC Kuronga KUNYORERA (Chikamu 1) | 47 | Kutanga | Ehe | 4.7 (12 wongororo) |
CODESYS 1: Nhanganyaya ku PLC zvirongwa | 58 | Kutanga | Ehe | 0.0 (0 wongororo) |
IIoT Zvinokosha: Smart Sensors & Actuators mune otomatiki | 15 | Kutanga | Ehe | 4.8 (56 wongororo) |
Unogonawo kutarisa mabhuku aya:
Zvirongwa zveLogic Controllers zvakagadzirwa naFrank Petruzella zvinofukidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva semutangi.
Zvirongwa zveLogic Controllers zvakagadzirwa naWilliam Bolton zvinodhura zvishoma uye zvine chati inobatsira yekudzidza.
Ramba uchidzidzira, bvunza mibvunzo, uye ongorora mapurojekiti matsva. Uchava nani zuva nezuva!
Iwe zvino unoziva izvo zvekutanga, senge wiring uye kugadzira yako yekutanga chirongwa. Edza mapurojekiti matsva kuti udzidze zvakawanda. Edza kodhi yako mune simulator kuti uwane zvikanganiso nekukurumidza. Kana uine matambudziko, kugadzirisa kunobatsira kudzidza.
Paunopedza basa, unonzwa kudada. Iwe unoona kuti manera logic inoshanda sei muhupenyu chaihwo.
Kubatsira nemapurojekiti akasiyana kunoita kuti udzidze hunyanzvi hutsva. Newewo unova nechivimbo.
Ramba uchidzidza uye edza misoro yakaoma. Unovandudza nguva imwe neimwe yaunodzidzira!
FAQ
Chii chinodaro PLC miririra?
PLC inomirira Programmable Logic Controller. Iwe unoishandisa kudzora michina uye maitiro mumafekitori. Inoita sehuropi hwekuita otomatiki.
Ndinogona kudzidza PLC programming isina degree reinjiniya?
Ehe, unogona! Unongoda kuda kuziva uye mwoyo murefu. Vazhinji vanotanga vanotanga nezvidzidzo zvepamhepo nemapurojekiti akareruka. Haudi hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwemasvomhu kana hweinjiniya.
izvo PLC brand ndinofanira kusarudza semutanga?
Unogona kutanga naAllen-Bradley kana Siemens. Makambani aya anopa mazano akawanda ekutanga uye maedzo esoftware emahara. Unowana rubatsiro rwakawanda online kune ese ari maviri.
Ndoedza sei zvangu PLC purogiramu yakachengeteka?
Edza kushandisa simulator kutanga. Unogona kutarisa kodhi yako pasina kuisa njodzi chaiyo michina. Vazhinji PLC maturusi esoftware ane akavakirwa-mukati ma simulators evanotanga.
Chii chinonzi ladder logic?
Ladder logic inzira yekunyora mirairo ye PLCs. Unoshandisa zviratidzo zvinoita semanera. Imwe neimwe rung inoratidza nhanho mukutonga kwako maitiro.
