Simba rekugovera network mune pcb dhizaini inopa chikamu chimwe nechimwe simba rainoda. Unoda simba rakatsiga kuti uchengetedze matunhu ako achishanda zvakanaka. Kana simba rako rekugovera network risina kunaka, pcb yako inogona kuva nezvinetso zvakadai se:
Voltage droops inogona kuitika kana dunhu rako richida mamwe simba nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvimire kushanda kana kukonzera kurasikirwa kwedata.
Kukanganisa kweruzha kunogona kuoneka uye kukanganisa nenhengo dzakasimba. Inogonawo kukuvadza chiratidzo chemhando.
Signal kutendeseka matambudziko sekurira uye overshooting anogona kuita kuti data rako risavimbike.
Power Distribution Network Basics
Chii chinonzi Power Distribution Network
Network yekugovera magetsi muPCB yakafanana netsinga dziri mumuviri wako. Inofambisa simba kubva kunobva simba guru kuenda kuchikamu chega chega chedunhu. Network iyi inopa chikamu chimwe nechimwe simba rakakodzera uye voltage. Unogona kuona kukosha kwenetwork iyi mumidziyo yakasiyana:
Mune smartphones, iyo magetsi yekugovera network inotora simba kubva kubhatiri kuenda kuCPU, GPU, ndangariro, uye kuratidza.
Munzvimbo dzedata, inotumira simba kumaseva, zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza, uye network network.
Mumotokari dzemazuvano, inounza simba kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune injini yekudzora unit, infotainment masisitimu, masensa, uye kuchengetedza maficha.
Basa guru re network yekugovera magetsi nderekuona kuti mutoro wega wega wawana simba rakakwana kuti ushande zvakanaka. Unoda kuti pcb yako ive nesimba rakagadzikana kuitira kuti zvikamu zvese zvishande zvakanaka.
Pane kuvandudzwa kutsva mukugadzira simba rekugovera network. Mainjiniya anoshandisa akasanganiswa emagetsi ekuendesa mamodule kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyatsoita. Vanoedzawo zvinhu zvitsva zvine kushorwa kwakaderera uye kutonga kuri nani kwekupisa. Shanduko idzi dzinobatsira pcb yako kubata simba rakawanda munzvimbo diki.
Kufambira mberi | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kubatanidzwa kweIoT | MaPCB anobatsira maIoT kuunganidza data uye kuona grid munguva chaiyo. |
Advanced Materials | Ma substrates matsva anopa kupisa kuri nani kuyerera uye kusimba kwakasimba. |
Miniaturization | Madiki, maPCB ari nani anokwana mukati memidziyo midiki yakangwara. |
kuenderera | Eco-hushamwari zvinhu uye magadzirirwo anobatsira kuchengetedza simba. |
Nei Kugadzikana Kuchikosha
Unoda yakasimba simba kuchengeta pcb wako kushanda pasina dambudziko. Kana network yako yekugovera magetsi isina kugadzikana, unogona kuwana madonhwe emagetsi, ruzha, kana midziyo yakatyoka. Kugadzikana kunoreva kuti dunhu rako rinogara richiwana simba rakakodzera, kunyangwe mutoro ukachinja nekukurumidza.
Miyero yeindasitiri inokubatsira iwe kuvaka yakanaka yekugovera simba network. Iyi mitemo inokuudza nezve kuteedzera upamhi, nzvimbo, uye impedance control. Ivo zvakare vanopa kuchengetedza uye electromagnetic kupindira mitemo. Kana iwe uchitevera mitemo iyi, pcb yako inova yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa maitiro matsva usati watanga dhizaini yako. Danho iri rinokubatsira kudzivisa zvikanganiso uye inoita kuti pcb yako inosangana nemitemo yose.
Simba rakasimba rekugovera network inoita kuti uvimbe nekugadzira kwako. Unoziva pcb wako achatumira simba parinodiwa, saka mano enyu kushanda sezvavanofanira.
Key PDN Zvikamu
Power Planes uye Traces
Unogadzira network yakasimba yekugovera magetsi uchishandisa ma "power planes" nema "traces". Ma "power planes" inzvimbo huru dzemhangura dziri mukati me "pcb". Dzinobatsira kuchengetedza voltage yakadzikama. Nzira iyi ine "impedance" shoma, saka simba rinoenda kwese kwarinodiwa. Dhizaini yakanaka ye "power plane" inochengetedza voltage yakagadzikana uye inoderedza ruzha. "Traces" dzakafara uye "strong planes" dzinomisa kudonha kwevoltage uye dzinoita kuti "pcb" yako ishande zvirinani.
Ndege dzemagetsi dzinobatsirawo kana magetsi achida kuchinja nekukurumidza. Simba uye ndege dzepasi pamwe chete dzinoita nzira yakaderera-inductance. Izvi zvakakosha kune nekukurumidza masaini edhijitari. Inobatsira ndege yako yemagetsi kushanda zvakanaka. Iwe unowana zviratidzo zviri nani uye ruzha rushoma.
Zano: Shandisa rakafara zvisaririra uye yakasimba ndege kuchengeta pcb yako yakatsiga uye kuti ishande zvakanaka.
Decoupling Capacitors
Kubvisa ma capacitor akakosha zvikuru musystem yemagetsi yepcb yako. Unoaisa pedyo nemachipisi nezvimwe zvikamu. Anoshanda sematangi madiki esimba. Kana dunhu rako richida simba rakawanda nekukurumidza, ma capacitor aya anoripa. Izvi zvinomisa voltage kuti isaderere zvakanyanya. Kubvisa ma capacitor kunovharawo kukwira kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe. Izvi zvinochengetedza voltage yakachengeteka. Dhizaini yakanaka yeplane yesimba inogara ichiisa ma capacitor munzvimbo dzakakodzera.
Vias uye Ground Planes
Vias batanidza simba uye pasi ndege pane akasiyana akaturikidzana pcb wako. Iwe unoashandisa kufambisa simba pakati pezvikamu. Vanopawo chiratidzo chakatsiga chechiratidzo. Yakanaka kuburikidza nekuisa inodzikisa ruzha uye inoderedza pasi inductance. Izvi zvinochengeta zviratidzo zvakachena uye simba rakasimba. Via stitching zvinoreva kuwedzera akawanda vias. Izvi zvinopa nzira dzakawanda dzemazuva ano. Inoderedza impedance uye inobatsira pcb yako kubata simba rakawanda.
Ndege yakanaka yepasi inoshanda nendege yako yemagetsi kugadzira yakaderera-inductance nzira. Izvi zvakakosha kumatunhu anokurumidza. Iwe unomisa magetsi emagetsi uye chengetedza zviratidzo zvakajeka. Paunotarisa pane simba rekugadzira ndege, pcb yako inoshanda zvirinani.
Cherechedza: Gara uchitarisa kwaunoisa vias uye kuti unoisa sei ndege dzepasi kuti uwane yakanakisa simba ndege mhedzisiro.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveSimba Rokugovera Network
Simba masosi
zvisaririra
Planes
Kudonhora capacitors
Voltage regulators
Impedance uye PDN Performance
Impedance yakakosha kune yako simba rekugovera network. Iwe unoda yakaderera impedance paunogadzira pcb. Yakaderera impedance inopa yakasimba simba kune ese chikamu. High impedance inogona kukonzera kudonha kwemagetsi. Madonhwe emagetsi anogona kuita zvikanganiso kana kukuvadza machipisi ako. Iwe unofanirwa kudzora impedance kuchengetedza voltage yakagadzikana. Izvi zvinobatsira pcb yako kushanda zvakanaka.
RLC Model muPDN
Yako magetsi ekugovera network ine resistors, inductors, uye capacitors. Iyi inonzi RLC modhi. Resistance inononoka ikozvino uye inoita kupisa. Inductance fights shanduko mune ikozvino. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera voltage spikes kana mitoro ikachinja nekukurumidza. Capacitance inochengetedza uye inoburitsa simba. Inobatsira kuchengetedza voltage.
Iyo RLC modhi inoita kuti iwe ufembere kuti network yako yemagetsi ichaita sei. Iwe unogona kuwana nzvimbo dzisina simba mukugadzira kwako. Iwe unogona kuwedzera mamwe capacitor kana kushandura trace wides. Izvi zvinoita kuti simba rako rekutumira zvive nani. Zvishandiso zvako zvinogara zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda zvakanaka.
Kuderedza Impedance
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza impedance yakaderera sezvaunokwanisa. Low impedance inoreva kudonha kwemagetsi mashoma uye simba riri nani. Heano nzira dzekudzikisa impedance:
Shandisa zvakafara kuteera uye yakasimba simba ndege.
Isa ma capacitor ekuparadzanisa machipisi pedyo nemachipisi.
Wedzera mamwe vias kubatanidza simba uye pasi ndege.
Chengetedza simba uye ndege dzepasi pedyo pamwe chete.
Nekukurumidza dhizaini, fananidza impedance kune yako interface mhando. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza yakanaka impedance kukosha kune zvakajairika interfaces:
Interface Type | Impedance Value |
|---|---|
DDR (Imwechete-inopera) | 50 ohms |
DDR (Differential pairs) | 100 ohms |
Ethernet (Differential pairs) | 100 ohms |
USB (Musiyano) | 90 ohms |
Kana iwe ukaramba impedance muzvikamu izvi, pcb yako inopa yakachena simba. Izvi zvinokubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko echiratidzo.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa izvo impedance yako interface inoda usati watanga. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti usakanganisa.
PDN Kuongorora uye Kuyera
Unofanira kuyera nekutarisa network yako yekugovera simba. Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinokubatsira kutarisa impedance nezvimwe zvinhu. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza nzira dzekuyera impedance :
nzira | Frequency Range | Zvakanakira/Zvishandiso |
|---|---|---|
Nguva-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) | MHz kusvika GHz | Inokurumidza, yakakwirira-resolution; yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri. |
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) | kHz kusvika GHz | Yakarurama kwazvo; yakanaka kune RF uye microwave. |
Impedance Analyzer | Hz kusvika GHz | Accurate; yakanaka kune mapassive parts. |
LCR Meta | Hz kusvika MHz | Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa; inoshandiswa kumabasa epamusoro-soro. |
Munda Solver (Sigrity X) | N / A | Inofanotaura mhinduro isati yaedzwa; inoshandiswa mukugadzira. |
OrCAD X | N / A | Iine zvishandiso zve impedance cheki panguva yekugadzira. |
Unofanirawo kutarisa zvimwe zvinhu kuti utarise network yako yemagetsi. Heino tafura ine zviyero zvakakosha :
Metric | tsananguro |
|---|---|
PDN Impedance | Yakaderera PDN impedance inopa yakasimba simba. |
Voltage Ripple | Kuderera kunoreva ruzha rushoma. |
Current Density | Yakanaka ikozvino density inomisa nzvimbo dzinopisa uye inobatsira kuvimbika. |
Paunoyera DC resistivity, unoona mafambiro azvino. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana nzvimbo uko kudonha kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika. Kuyera loop inductance inoratidza maitiro etiweki yako kana mitoro ichichinja nekukurumidza. Miedzo miviri inokubatsira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti pcb yako inoshanda muhupenyu chaihwo.
Kana iwe ukaramba impedance yakaderera uye kushandisa maturusi akakodzera, pcb yako inopa yakasimba simba. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvishandiso zvako zvichengetedzeke uye zvishande nemazvo. Macheki akanaka uye bvunzo zvinokubatsira kuti uwane simba rakanakisa mune yega dhizaini.
Kugadzira Yakanyatsogadzirwa Power Distribution Network
Tsanangura Simba Zvinodiwa
Unofanira kutanga waziva kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoda simba ripi. Nyora pasi zvikamu zvese papcb yako. Nyora pasi magetsi nevoltage yechimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuronga simba rakakwana. Shandisa ukobvu hwemhangura hwakakodzera kune ma power planes ako. Mabhodhi mazhinji anoshandisa mabhodhi ane ukobvu hwe 1.6 mm uye mhangura ye 3 kana 4 oz . Izvi zvinogadzira nzira dzemagetsi dzakasimba. Wedzera pasi nemagetsi emagetsi kune nzira dzisina impedance yakawanda. Isa ma capacitor ekuparadzanisa pedyo nema power pins kuti ubate shanduko dzevoltage.
Zano: Kuita rondedzero yakajeka yezvido zvesimba kunobatsira kumisa madonhwe emagetsi uye kuchengetedza pcb yako yakasimba.
Component Placement Strategies
Kwaunoisa zvikamu zvakakosha pakuendesa simba. Isa zvikamu kuitira kuti magetsi aite mapfupi uye akananga. Izvi zvinoderedza kuramba uye zvinoita kuti voltage irambe yakasimba. Isa decoupling capacitors pedyo nemachipisi. Kuiswa kwakanaka kunobatsira nekupisa zvakare. Chengetedza zvikamu zvinopisa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Usaise nhengo dzinonzwa pedyo netambo dzemagetsi dzine ruzha. Ita shuwa kuti zvese zvinokwana mukesi uye hazvivharise zvimwe zvikamu.
Isa zvikamu zvenzira pfupi, dzakananga dzemagetsi.
Isa capacitors mukati me5 mm yepini yesimba.
Chengeta zvikamu zvinopisa zvakaparadzana kuti zvitonhore zviri nani.
Simulation Zvishandiso
Maturusi ekufananidzira anokubatsira kutarisa network yako yemagetsi usati waigadzira. Maturusi aya anoratidza panogona kudonha magetsi kana ruzha. Unogona kugadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza. Heino tafura yezvishandiso zvakajairika:
Zita Rezvishandiso | Key Features |
|---|---|
OrCAD | Inoteedzera kuendesa magetsi, kudonha kwemagetsi, uye ruzha. Easy kushandisa. |
Ansys SIwave | Inotarisa simba uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika, EMI, uye kupisa. Inogadzirisa capacitors. |
Siemens Xpedition | Inozivikanwa nekuongorora kwakasimba kwekupa simba. |
Shandisa zvishandiso izvi kuedza dhizaini yako. Unochengetedza nguva nemari nekuwana matambudziko usati waita pcb yako.
Zvakajairika Zvikanganiso zvekudzivisa
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinogona kukuvadza simba rako rekutumira. Usashandise mitsetse yakatetepa yenzira dzepamusoro-ikozvino. Nguva dzose shandisa mitsetse yakakura kana ndege dzemagetsi. Isa decoupling capacitors padyo nemapini emagetsi. Usambofa wakasvetuka pasi uye ndege dzemagetsi. Ndege idzi dzinoita kuti simba rirambe rakadzikama uye ruzha rushoma. Kana ukakanganwa matanho aya, pcb wako anogona kuva voltage madonhwe kana kusashanda zvakanaka.
Usashandise zvitete zvitete zvesimba.
Usaise capacitors kure nemachipisi.
Usambofa wakasvetuka pasi uye ndege dzemagetsi.
Kukunda PDN Zvinetso
High-Speed Circuits
High-speed circuits inogona kuva yakaoma kugadzira. Zviratidzo zvinokurumidza zvinoda simba rakagadzikana nguva dzose. Iwe unofanirwa kubata nekukurumidza kuchinja mune ikozvino. Ruzha uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kunogona kukanganisa masaini ako. Kuchengeta impedance yakaderera kwakakosha kune yega chiratidzo chekukurumidza. Iko hakuna nzvimbo yakawanda, saka iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza zvikamu pedyo.
Iwe unofanirwa kutarisana nekutsanya ikozvino spikes.
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza ruzha uye EMI pasi pekutonga.
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza impedance yakaderera kune ese masaini.
Iwe unowanzo shanda munzvimbo diki.
Kana iwe ukasatarisa dhizaini yako zvakanaka, unogona kusarudza iwo asiri iwo capacitor. Noise, impedance, uye kugadzikana zvese zvinokanganisa mumwe nemumwe. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa chikamu chese chesimba rako system.
Multiple Power Rails
Mabhodhi mazhinji matsva anoshandisa anopfuura njanji yemagetsi. Njanji imwe neimwe inoda simba rakatsiga kuti ishande zvakanaka. Iwe unofanirwa kuronga zvakanaka kumisa madonhwe emagetsi uye nyaya dzazvino. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza matambudziko aungave nawo nenjanji dzakawanda:
Challenge | Tsanangudzo |
|---|---|
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza voltage pabhodhi rega rega. Kana ma voltages asingaenderane, unogona kuwana matambudziko. | |
Voltage inodonha uye kusaenzana kwezvino | Kupokana uye inductance mumajoini anogona kudzikisa voltage uye kukuvadza mashandiro anoita zvinhu. |
Kuronga kwesimba rehurongwa | Bhodhi rimwe nerimwe rinoshandisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwesimba. Iwe unofanirwa saizi yemagetsi ekumisa kupisa kana kudonha. |
Iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti njanji yega yega inowana simba rakakwana. Kuronga kwakanaka kunokubatsira kuti udzivise dambudziko uye unochengeta pcb yako ichishanda zvakanaka.
Troubleshooting Kusagadzikana
Dzimwe nguva network yako yekutumira magetsi haina kugadzikana. Unogona kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji nematanho ari nyore:
Tarisa bhodhi rako kuti uone kana paine kukuvara kwakaita sezvikamu zvakatsva kana kuti madonhwe akatyoka.
Shandisa multimeter kutarisa voltage panzvimbo dzakakosha.
Shandisa oscilloscope kuona kana masaini achitaridzika zvakanaka.
Edza chikamu chimwe nechimwe kuti uone kuti chinoshanda.
Enzanisa bhodhi rako kune rakanaka kuti uwane izvo zvakasiyana.
Zvinhu zvakakupoteredza zvinogonawo kukonzera matambudziko. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuita kuti pcb yako isashande zvakanaka uye iparare. Hunyoro, kuzununguka, uye EMI zvinogona kuita kuti simba rako risanyanya kugadzikana. Unofanira kuziva nezvenjodzi idzi uye dhizaini yadzo. Kupa simba kwakanaka kunochengetedza midziyo yako, kunyangwe zvinhu zvikaoma.
Zano: Gara uchiyedza network yako yekupa magetsi muhupenyu chaihwo. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana matambudziko usati washandisa pcb yako.
Unowana zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka kubva kune network yekugovera magetsi yakagadzirwa zvakanaka muPCB yako. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti simba rakagadzikana rinobatsira sei bhodhi rako kushanda zviri nani uye kugara kwenguva refu:
Batsirwa | Tsanangudzo |
|---|---|
Yakagadzikana Power Delivery | Inoita kuti zvishandiso zvako zvishande zvakanaka uye zvinomisa matambudziko. |
Kuvandudza Circuit Performance | Inoita kuti zvikamu zvese zvishande zvirinani uye zvakavimbika. |
Yakavandudzwa Thermal Management | Inobatsira pcb yako kugara inotonhorera uye kushanda kwemamwe makore. |
Kuti sisitimu yako yemagetsi irambe yakasimba, edza mazano aya: Ronga kugadzirisa magetsi ako nekukurumidza . Gadzirisa impedance uye chengeta nzira dzemagetsi dziri pfupi. Isa macapacitor ekuparadzanisa pedyo nemapini emagetsi. Shandisa marongero akafara uye mapuraneti epasi akasimba.
Iwe unogona kuwana zvakawanda nekutarisa zviwanikwa zvinovimbwa uye madhairekitori eindasitiri.
FAQ
Ndechipi chinangwa chikuru chekugovera simba network muPCB dhizaini?
Iwe unoda kuti PDN yako ibudise simba rakasimba kune imwe neimwe chikamu pabhodhi rako. Izvi zvinobatsira basa rako redunhu pasina zvikanganiso kana ruzha.
Sei uchida decoupling capacitors?
Decoupling capacitors chengetedza simba padyo nemachipi ako. Vanopa kukurumidza kuputika kwesimba pazvinenge zvichidiwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti voltage irambe yakasimba uye inomisa kudonha kamwe kamwe.
Iwe unogona sei kuderedza PDN impedance?
Iwe unogona kushandisa zvakafara zvitevedzwa, yakasimba simba ndege, uye isa decoupling capacitors padyo nemachipisi. Wedzera mamwe vias kuti ubatanidze maseru. Aya matanho anobatsira kuchengetedza impedance yakaderera.
Chii chinoitika kana PDN yako isina kugadzikana?
Kana PDN yako isina kugadzikana, unogona kuona madonhwe emagetsi, ruzha, kana kunyange zvikamu zvakakuvadzwa. Bhodhi rako rinogona kusashanda sezvaunotarisirwa.
