Iwe unogona kuvaka yakapusa am radio inogamuchira ine mashoma mashoma ekutanga zvikamu. Chishandiso ichi chinoita kuti uteerere nhepfenyuro dzisina mabhatiri. Vadzidzi vazhinji vanofarira kudzidza nezve am masaini nekugadzira iri nyore am radio kumba. Iwe unongofanirwa kutevedzera akajeka matanho ekuti am tuning uye ndionekwe. > AM redhiyo inogamuchira kuvaka inodzidzisa iwe mafambiro aunoita masaini uye kuti ungaanzwa sei.
AM Radio Basics
AM Bands
AM radio ine zviteshi zvakawanda nekuti inoshandisa ma frequency mabhendi akasiyana. Bandi rimwe nerimwe rine boka rayo remafrequency. Medium wave ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa bhendi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinoshandisa mabhendi aya pakutepfenyura. Tafura iri pazasi inonyora iwo makuru am mabhendi uye ma frequency awo:
bhendi | Frequency Range | Spacing |
|---|---|---|
Medium Wave | 531 kHz – 1602 kHz (Region 1 & 3) | 9 kHz |
530 kHz – 1700 kHz (Region 2) | 10 kHz | |
Shortwave | 2.3 MHz - 26.1 MHz | 5 kHz |
Longwave | 148.5 kHz - 283.5 kHz | 9 kHz |
Unogona kuseta yako am radio kune aya ma frequency. Izvi zvinoita kuti unzwe zviteshi zviri pedyo kana kure. Medium wave ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa neam. Shortwave inoita kuti uteerere kune zviteshi zviri kure. Longwave haishandiswe zvakanyanya asi ichiri kuwanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude modulation inoshandiswa kutumira ruzha paam radio. Inoshandura simba rechiratidzo kutakura manzwi nemimhanzi. Redhiyo inobata shanduko idzi uye inoita kuti ive ruzha zvakare. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti amplitude modulation uye frequency modulation zvakasiyana sei:
mamiriro | Amplitude Modulation (AM) | Frequency Modulation (FM) |
|---|---|---|
Bandwidth | Yakaderera (inenge 10 kHz) | High (inenge 200 kHz) |
Low quality, inobatwa zvakanyanya neruzha | Hunhu hwepamusoro, hahunyanyi kubatwa neruzha | |
Simba Rinobudirira | Kusanyanya kushanda, simba rakawanda mumutakuri | Simba rakawanda rinodiwa pakufambisa |
AM inoshandisa shoma bandwidth asi inowana ruzha rwakawanda. Amplitude modulation iri nyore kushandisa uye inoshanda kune akareruka maredhiyo.
Resonance uye Tuning
Iwe unofanirwa kuridza yako am radio kuti uwane chiteshi chaicho. Resonance inobatsira redhiyo yako kusarudza imwe frequency uye kuvhara vamwe. Iyo coil uye capacitor inoita resonant dunhu muredhiyo yako. Dunhu iri rinoshanda zvakanyanya nerimwe frequency uye rinofuratira mamwe.
Resonant maseketi anokubatsira iwe kutora imwe frequency uye kuvhara vamwe.
Kusarudzwa kurinani kunoreva kuti radio yako inogona kusiyanisa zviteshi.
Iyo mhando yemhando, kana Q, inoratidza kuti redhiyo yako inoita sei izvi.
Kusarudzwa kwakanaka kunoita kuti zvimwe zviteshi zvisakonzerese matambudziko.
Unotenderedza tuning knob kuti ienderane ne frequency yechiteshi. Resonance inoita shuwa kuti iwe unongonzwa iyo am sign yaunoda.
zvinoriumba
Kuvaka crystal am radio receiver kunotanga nekuunganidza zvikamu zvakarurama. Unoda chikamu chimwe nechimwe kuti utore masaini masaini uye woashandura kuita ruzha. Ngatitarisei zvaunoda uye kuti ungawana sei zvinhu izvi.
Diode uye Capacitor
Unoda diode kuti uone masaini masaini. Iyo diode inobvumira redhiyo yako kuparadzanisa ruzha kubva kune am carrier wave. Vazhinji vavaki vanoshandisa 1N34A germanium diode nekuti inoshanda nemazvo pakuonekwa kwangu. Iwe zvakare unoda capacitor yekubatsira kuridza redhiyo yako. A variable capacitor inoita kuti uchinje frequency uye sarudza akasiyana am nhepfenyuro.
Heino tafura inoratidza zvakanaka masosi e diode uye capacitor:
mabviro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
digikey.com | Unogona kuwana diode uye capacitor kune am redhiyo vanogamuchira pano. |
1N34A Diode | Iyi germanium diode inoshanda nemazvo pakuonekwa kwangu mumaredhiyo ekristaro. |
270 pf Capacitor | Variable capacitor sezvizvi zvinokubatsira kuti uise redhiyo yako zviri nyore. |
Zano: Unogona kushandisa zvakare diode uye capacitor kubva kumaredhiyo ekare kana matoyi emagetsi. Bvunza vakuru usati wabvisa midziyo.
Coil uye Antenna
Iyo coil neantenna inobatsira redhiyo yako kutora masaini eam. Iwe unogadzira coil nekuputira waya pachubhu isiri-conductive. Iyo coil inoshanda ne capacitor kumhanyisa redhiyo yako kurudyi am chiteshi. Iyo antenna inounganidza am masaini kubva kumhepo. Unogona kushandisa waya refu seantenna yako. Tambanudza waya kunze kana pedyo nepahwindo kuti zvirinani am reception.
Shandisa enamel-yakavharwa waya kune coil.
Edza waya inokwana mafiti gumi kureba kune antenna yako.
Unogona kushandisa telescoping antenna kubva paredhiyo yekare.
Ongorora: Kurebesa antenna yako, ndiyo yakawanda am nhepfenyuro yaunogona kunzwa. Chengetedza antenna yako kure nezvinhu zvesimbi kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka.
Mahedhifoni uye Ground
Unoda mahedhifoni kuti unzwe am radio. Yakakwira impedance kana ceramic nzeve dzinoshanda zvakanyanya. Aya mahedhifoni anoda simba shoma, saka redhiyo yako inoshanda isina mabhatiri. Iwe unodawo kubatana kwepasi. Batanidza waya kune pombi yemvura yesimbi kana tsvimbo yepasi. Izvi zvinobatsira redhiyo yako kutora masaini asina simba am.
Shandisa maearphone ekristaro ekare kuti unyatsonzwika.
Batanidza waya yako yepasi kune chinhu chesimbi chakachengeteka.
Unogona tsvaga zvikamu izvi pazvitoro zvemagetsi kana online. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa zvikamu kubva kumaredhiyo ekare kana kits. Unogona kukumbira vadzidzisi kana mhuri rubatsiro kutsvaga am maredhiyo ezvikamu.
AM Radio Receiver Kuvaka
Kuvaka yako wega ndiri kuvaka redhiyo yekugamuchira purojekiti inokubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti masaisai eredhiyo anochinja sei kuita ruzha. Iwe unozotevera nhanho-ne-nhanho maitiro ekugadzira anoshanda anogamuchira. Ichi chikamu chinokutungamira kuburikidza nedhiyagiramu yedunhu, kupeta coil, matanho egungano, uye kugadzirisa uye kuyedza.
Dunhu Dhaigiramu
Iwe unofanirwa kutanga neyakajeka yedunhu diagram. Iyo yakajairika kristaro redhiyo redhiyo inoshandisa yakapfava yakatevedzana tuned wedunhu. Iri redunhu rinosanganisira inoshanduka capacitor (inosvika 500pF) uye inductor (inenge 250µH). Zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinoumba moyo weunogamuchira. Dunhu rinosanganisirawo diode yekuona uye mahedhifoni ekuteerera.
Dunhu rinoshandisa inoshanduka capacitor uye coil kuridza mune dzakasiyana am zviteshi.
Iwe unobatanidza antenna uye pasi kune dunhu kuitira zviri nani kugamuchira chiratidzo.
Iyo diode inoparadzanisa iyo odhiyo chiratidzo kubva kune inotakura wave.
Mahedhifoni anobatana nedunhu kuti unzwe ruzha.
Mamwe epamberi ekristaro redhiyo dhizaini anowedzera inoshandura shanduko yekufananidza impedance. Izvi zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro emugamuchiri wako. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona kusiyanisa kubatana mune mamwe madhayagiramu, ayo anokubatsira iwe kuwana zvirinani kusarudza.
Kupeta Coil
Iyo coil chikamu chakakosha cheyako am redhiyo inogamuchira yekuvaka. Iwe unofanirwa kuitenderedza nemazvo kuti uwane iyo yakanakisa chiratidzo. Huwandu hwekutendeuka mucoil hunokanganisa mashandiro anoita mugamuchiri wako. Iyo wire gauge inoshandurawo kupikisa uye kunaka kwechiratidzo.
Shandisa enamel-yakavharwa waya kune coil.
Mhepo waya kutenderedza chubhu yepepa kana fomu repurasitiki. Usarega majana achipindirana.
Siya inosvika masendimita matatu ewaya isina kuperera kumagumo ega ega kune zvinongedzo.
Chengetedza magumo ne tepi kana rubber band.
Jecha migumo yewaya kuti ubvise insulation isati yabatana nedunhu.
Unogona kushandisa Litz waya kugadzira yakakwira Q coil. Mhando yewaya iyi inoderedza kurasikirwa neredhiyo. Iyo yakakwira Q coil inobatsira inogamuchira yako kutora isina simba am masaini. Iwe unogona zvakare kuedza kushandisa akasiyana coil marongero. Kushandisa akasiyana epuraimari uye echipiri makoiri anogona kukubatsira iwe kugamuchira mamwe nhepfenyuro.
Matanho eGungano
Iwe unogona kuvaka yako am radio receiver kuvaka chirongwa nekutevera aya matanho:
Mhepo waya yemhangura yakatenderedza chubhu yako. Chengeta majana akashambidzika uye usapindirane nawo.
Chengetedza waya ne rubber band. Siya yakawedzera waya kumativi ese maviri ekubatanidza.
Pinza coil mubhesi rako kana chibatiso.
Ijecha migumo yewaya kuti ubvise enamel coating.
Gadzirira diode yako, earphone, uye waya dzekubatanidza. Ita zvishwe zvidiki kumigumo kuti zvive nyore kubatika.
Batanidza coil, variable capacitor, uye antenna kudunhu sezvakaratidzwa mudhayagiramu yako.
Batanidza diode pakati pecoil newaya imwe yemunzeve.
Batanidza imwe waya yekunzwa munzeve pasi.
Ita shuwa kuti zvese zvinongedzo zvakasimba uye zvakachena. Polisha chero nhengo dzesimbi kuti ubvise oxide coatings.
Tarisa kaviri dhizaini yako usati waedza.
Zano: Kana uchinetseka kuwana maparts akakodzera, kumbira rubatsiro pachitoro chemagetsi kana kuti shandisa maredhiyo ekare. Iva nechokwadi chokuti unoshandisa zvakarurama zvikamu zvedunhu rako.
Tuning uye Testing
Mushure mekunge wapedza kuvaka yako redhiyo inogamuchira, iwe unofanirwa kuridza uye kuyedza yako inogamuchira. Kugadzirisa kwakanaka kunokubatsira kuti utore mamwe ma nhepfenyuro uye uwane ruzha rwakajeka.
Maitiro Akanyanya | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Shandisa Dual Tuned Circuits | Wedzera yechipiri tuned redunhu kuitira zviri nani kusarudza pakati pezviteshi. |
Gadzirisa Coil Q | Ita shuwa kuti coil yako ine Q inokwana mazana mashanu kune yakasimba masaini. |
Shandisa Litz Wire | Shandisa Litz waya yekumonereka kuderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo paredhiyo. |
Match Earphone Impedance | Shandisa mahedhifoni anoenderana nedunhu rako kune yakanakisa ruzha. |
Wedzera FET Transistor | Shandisa FET semuteveri sosi kuvandudza kusarudza uye kuderedza kurodha. |
Kuti ugadzirise mugamuchiri wako, shandura iyo variable capacitor zvishoma nezvishoma. Teerera kuchinja kwenzwi. Ungangoda kugadzirisa antenna kana pasi kuti ugamuchire zviri nani. Kana iwe uchingonzwa chiteshi chimwe chete kana pasina ruzha, tarisa hukama hwako. Ita shuwa kuti pasi rako uye antenna zvakamisikidzwa nemazvo. Edza kushandisa chisimbisi chepasi chakasimba kana kupukuta zvinobatanidza.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika kunosanganisira kushandisa coil isiriyo kana kusadzika pasi. Kana uine dambudziko, tarisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chedunhu rako. Tsiva zvidimbu zvepasi zvisina simba neakasimba. Chenesa zvese zvinongedzo kuti ubvise chero oxide coating.
Ongorora: Am redhiyo inogamuchira kuvaka inotora moyo murefu. Kana ukasanzwa chiteshi ipapo, edza kufambisa antenna yako kana kugadzirisa coil.
Iwe zvino wave neredhiyo inogamuchira inoshanda. Iyi purojekiti inokudzidzisa kuti dunhu riri nyore rinogona kushandura masaisai eredhiyo kuita ruzha. Iwe unogona kuvandudza yako inogamuchira nekuyedza akasiyana coils, antennas, kana kunyange kuwedzera amplifier.
AM Radio Receiver Operation
Ainoita
Your crystal am radio receiver inoshandisa zvikamu zviri nyore kuita ruzha kubva kumasaini masaini. Iyo antenna inobata masaisai kubva kumhepo. Iyo coil uye capacitor inoshanda pamwe chete kusarudza imwe chiteshi nekugadzirisa kune frequency yayo. Iyo diode yakakosha pakuita demodulation. Inobvumira ikozvino kufamba munzira imwe chete. Izvi zvinotora hafu yewaveform uye inosiya odhiyo yaunogona kunzwa. Mahedhifoni anoshandura aya masaini kuita ruzha, saka unogona kuteerera kune yako yaunofarira am chiteshi pasina mabhatiri.
Iyo coil uye capacitor inobatsira kuimba kune imwe chiteshi.
Iyo diode inoparadzanisa ruzha kubva kune inotakura wave.
Mahedhifoni anoita kuti unzwe am broadcast.
Troubleshooting
Kana yako am radio isingawane zviteshi kana kurira kusina simba, unogona kuedza zvimwe zvinogadzirisa. Vazhinji vavaki vanocherekedza kushomeka kwekunzwa kana vachiedza kunzwa kure kure am zviteshi. Unogona kuwana masiginecha akasimba kubva kune epadhuze transmitter asi uine dambudziko nevasina kusimba.
Isa redhiyo yako pedyo nehwindo kana kunze kwemadziro kuti uwane kugamuchira kuri nani.
Dzima zvinhu zvakaita semaTV, marambi efluorescent, uye mamicrowave kuti umise kupindira.
Shandisa antenna refu kana Twin Coil Ferrite® AM Antenna kune masaini akasimba.
Tarisa zvese zvinongedzo kuti uone kuti dzakasimba uye dzakachena.
Ita shuwa kuti waya yako yepasi inobatanidza kune pombi yemvura yesimbi kana tsvimbo yakavigwa.
Zano: Kana uchine matambudziko, edza kufambisa redhiyo yako kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva, zvinhu zvakaita setembiricha, hunyoro, uye kushushikana zvinogona kushandura mashandiro eredhiyo yako.
Mazano Ekuita
Unogona kuita kuti radio yako ishande zvirinani nekutevera aya matipi:
Usashandise huni kana kadhibhodhi kutenderedza coil nekuti mwando unogona kuderedza kusarudza.
Shandisa saizi huru yewaya yaunokwanisa kucoil yako uye rambai muchichinjana pamwe chete.
Sarudza fomu yecoil ine yakaderera dielectric inogara, semhepo kana plastiki.
Sarudza yakanaka tuning capacitors ine ceramic insulation.
Simudza antenna yako uye shandisa kumusoro-kurodha kana usingakwanise kuita kuti irebe.
Edza madhiodhi akasiyana kuti uwane yakanakisa yezviratidzo zvisina simba.
Chengetedza hurongwa hwakanaka hwepasi, setambo yakavigwa kana pombi yemhangura.
muromo | Batsirwa |
|---|---|
Hombe coil dhayamita | Inovandudza kusarudza |
Vernier dial kuti tigadzirise | Inobvumira kunyatsogadzirisa chiteshi |
Good grounding | Inosimudzira kugamuchirwa kwechiratidzo chisina simba |
Ongorora: Unogona kuyedza saizi yecoil, mhando yewaya, uye kuiswa kweantenna kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka kubva kune yako am radio.
AM Radio Receiver Upgrades
Kuita kuti yako redhiyo igamuchire zvirinani kunoita kuti unzwe mamwe nhepfenyuro. Iwe unogona kuwedzera amplifier kuti iite isina simba masaini akasimba. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti uwedzere inzwi. Vanhu vazhinji vanotanga neredhiyo iri nyore redhiyo. Gare gare, vanoshandisa transistor amplifier kana lm386 amplifier kune rimwe simba.
Transistor Amplifier
A transistor amplifier inzira yakanaka yekuvandudza yako am radio. Iwe unogona kuvaka iri nyore amplifier neimwe transistor. Iyi kusimudzira inokupa mamwe mabhenefiti akanaka:
Iwe unowedzera ruzha nemaspeaker madiki kana maearphone.
Iyo amplifier inobatsira iwe kunzwa isina simba am nhepfenyuro.
Iyo yakagadzirwa iri nyore, saka iwe unogona kuivaka kumba.
Kuwedzera RF amplifier pamberi pe detector inokubatsira kuti uwane mamwe masaini masaini.
Mamwe madhizaini akakurumbira anoshandisa imwechete transistor reflex circuit. Dunhu iri rinoshandisa regeneration uye otomatiki kuwana kutonga. Vamwe vanhu vanovaka sere-transistor am MW superheterodyne yekugamuchira zvirinani. Iyo yeChinese "636" dhizaini dhizaini inoshandisa akangwara manomano kuita kuti kunzwa kuve nani.
LM386 Amplifier
Iyo lm386 amplifier isarudzo yepamusoro yekukwidziridzwa kweredhiyo. Iwe unobatanidza chiratidzo cheodhiyo kubva kune detector yako kune lm386 amplifier. Iyi chip inoita kuti ruzha ruwedzere uye runotumira kune sipika. Iwe uchanzwa zvakajeka uye zvine ruzha ruzha. Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa transistor pamberi pe lm386 amplifier kune inonzwika iri nani. Nekuseta uku, unogona kuridza mune dzakawanda am zviteshi. Dzimwe nguva unogona kutonzwa chiteshi cheFM. Iyo lm386 amplifier inobatsira redhiyo yako kunzwika zvakanaka, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
Nguva Yokukwidziridza
Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kusimudzira yako am radio kana ukaona zvinhu izvi:
Inzwi rakaderera, kunyange neine antenna yakanaka.
Iwe haugone kunzwa kure kure am stations zvakanaka.
Pane kukanganisa kubva kune mamwe maturusi kana kusadzika pasi.
Coil yako kana variable capacitor ndeyekare kana kuti haina kunaka.
Zvikonzero | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kusarudza | Inzwa one am station pasina kukanganiswa nevamwe. |
Kunzwisisa | Gamuchira zvisina kusimba kana kure kure am zviteshi zviri nyore. |
patani | Nakidzwa neredhiyo inoita seyakanaka uye iri nyore kushandisa. |
Iyo transistor amplifier kana lm386 amplifier kukwidziridzwa ichakubatsira iwe kunzwa zvimwe zviteshi uye kuwana ruzha rwuri nani. Edza izvi kusimudzira kana iwe uchida kuti yako redhiyo purojekiti ive nani.
Iwe wakadzidza kuvaka crystal am redhiyo inogamuchira ine zvikamu zviri nyore. Unoda antenna refu waya uye yakanaka yekubatanidza pasi. Shandisa coil yakarongedzwa uye capacitor yekutora zviteshi. Wedzera diode detector uye yakakwirira impedance mahedhifoni kuti unzwe ruzha. Edza kushandisa antenna akasiyana nezvikonzero kuti uone zvinoshanda zvakanyanya. Gadzirisa tuning knob kuti uwane zviteshi zvitsva. Chengeta logbook rechiteshi chese chaunonzwa. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda, edza superheterodyne am vanogamuchira. Aya madhizaini anokubatsira iwe kutora zviteshi zvirinani uye kunzwa masaini asina simba. Zvauri kuita paredhiyo zvichatonyanya kunakidza.
FAQ
Ndeipi waya yakanyanya kunaka yekumonera coil?
Iwe unofanira kushandisa enamel-yakavharwa nemhangura waya. Waya iyi inoshanda nemazvo paredhiyo coils nekuti inoderedza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo. Edza kushandisa waya iri pakati pe22 ne26 geji kuti ubate nyore.
Unogona here kushandisa mahedhifoni enguva dzose ane crystal radio?
Mahedhifoni enguva dzose haashande zvakanaka. Iwe unoda yakakwirira-impedance kana crystal earphone. Maearphone aya anoda simba shoma uye anoita kuti unzwe masaini asina simba.
Antenna yako inofanira kuva yakareba sei?
Antenna refu inokubatsira kuti utore zvimwe zviteshi. Iwe unogona kushandisa waya inokwana 10 tsoka kureba. Kana iwe uchida kugamuchirwa zviri nani, edza waya kusvika 50 tsoka.
Zano: Rembedza antenna yako kumusoro sezvinobvira uye kure nezvinhu zvesimbi.
Sei uchida kubatana kwepasi?
A pasi kubatana kunobatsira redhiyo yako inogamuchira zviratidzo zvisina simba. Iwe unogona kubatanidza tambo kune pombi yemvura yesimbi kana tsvimbo yepasi. Izvi zvinoita kuti redhiyo yako ishande zvirinani.
Ground Option | Inoshanda Zvakanaka? |
|---|---|
Pipe Yemvura | ✅ |
Ground Rod | ✅ |
Radiator | ⚠️ |
