ziviso
A 555 Timer IC ndeye multipurpose circuit circuit chip iyo inoshandiswa munguva, pulse generation circuits uye oscillation circuits. Ndechimwe chezvakatanhamara uye zviri kufamba zvekugadzirwa kwenyika yanhasi yetekinoroji. Iyo 555 timer integrated circuit (IC) yakatanga kugadzirwa naHans Camenzind, Swiss electronics engineer. Camenzind akashanda kwemwedzi yakati wandei padhizaini yekupedzisira yekuvaka akasiyana bvunzo iterations neruoko pabhodhi yechingwa ine discrete zvikamu. A 555 timer IC ndeye multipurpose yakabatanidzwa yedunhu chip iyo inowana kushanda kwayo mune timer, oscillation uye pulse chizvarwa maseketi. Icho chimwe chezvakakurumbira uye zvakakurumbira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi enyika. A monolithic timing circuit, iyo 555 timer, yakavimbika zvakaenzana uye yakachipa, senge op-amps inoshanda munzvimbo dzakafanana. Inogona kubereka
Pakapedzwa dhizaini, Camenzind akagara patafura yekunyora uye akashandisa reza kucheka dhizaini yedunhu kuita pepa repurasitiki. Pakazara 23 BJTs, 15 resistors, uye 2 diode akachekwa mupurasitiki. Izvi zvakabva zvaderedzwa kugadzira iyo etching mask yekumisikidza pane silicon wafers. Irwo rudzi rwekutanga-kusvika-kumagumo dhizaini yebasa nemurume mumwechete ikozvino yave kuitwa nemapoka makuru einjiniya ane dhizaini yakaoma, simulation, routing, uye etching software yekubata basa rakaoma remazuva ano IC dhizaini.
555 Timer IC Zvinokosha
Iyo 555 Timer idhijitari monolithic yakabatanidzwa sedunhu inoshanda seyakasiyana-siyana wachi jenareta mune zvemagetsi masisitimu. Iri redunhu rakasanganiswa rinogona kugadziridzwa senge yakagadzikana kana monostable multivibrator, ichiita kuti ienderane kune isingaverengeke nguva yekushandisa. Yakagadzirwa muna 1970 neSignetics Corporation uye yakagadzirwa naHans Camenzind muna 1971, iyo 555 timer IC inoshanda semutsetse mudziyo unonyatso kuenderana neCMOS neTTL dhijitari maseketi. Iyo yakajairwa 555 timer yakabatanidzwa yedunhu inosanganisira makumi maviri neshanu transistors, gumi neshanu resistors, uye 2 diode, ese akaiswa mukati me compact 8-pini mbiri mbiri-mu-mutsara pasuru, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune nzvimbo-inomanikidzirwa PCB marongero.
Architecture uye Pinout
Iyo yemukati dhizaini ye555 timer IC ine matatu 5-kilohm resistors akabatana munhevedzano, achigadzira voltage divider network inopa iyo IC zita rayo rakakurumbira. Izvi zvinopikisa zvinogadzira mareferensi voltages pachikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu uye zviviri muzvitatu zvemagetsi ekupa, ayo akakosha pakuita kwekuenzanisa. Iyo IC ine maenzanisi maviri anoshanda pamwe neyemukati flip-flop kudzora inobuda mamiriro, nepo yemukati discharge transistor inopa inodzorwa nzira yenguva yekuburitsa capacitor.
Pinout Tsanangudzo Tafura
| 1 | Pasi (GND) | Inobatanidza kune redunhu pasi uye inoshanda seye voltage reference point. Yakakodzera PCB grounding yakakosha pakushanda kwakagadzikana. |
| 2 | Trigger | Inotanga kutenderera kwenguva apo voltage inodonha pasi pechikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheVcc. Chengetedza tsvakiridzo isina ruzha kuburikidza nekungwarira PCB routing. |
| 3 | goho | Inopa chiratidzo chenguva yekubuda, kutsvaga kana kunyura kusvika ku200mA. Inogona kutyaira zvakananga maLED, relay, kana mitoro yepakati-yazvino. |
| 4 | itangezve | Inoshanda-yakaderera yekuisa iyo inogadzirisa nguva kana yadhonzwa pazasi 0.7V. Batanidza kuVcc kuburikidza nekudhonza-up resistor kune yakajairika kushanda. |
| 5 | Kudzora Voltage | Inopa mukana wemukati wemagetsi divider pazvikamu zviviri muzvitatu Vcc. Bypass kusvika pasi ne 0.01µF capacitor kudzivirira ruzha. |
| 6 | Threshold | Inopedza nguva yekutenderera kana voltage ichipfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveVcc. Nguva capacitor inobatanidza pano mune dzakawanda zvigadziriso. |
| 7 | Discharge | Inobatanidza kune yemukati discharge transistor muunganidzi. Inopa inodzorwa yekuburitsa nzira yenguva capacitor. |
| 8 | VDC | Positive supply voltage (4.5V-16V). Isa 0.1µF ceramic decoupling capacitor padyo nepini iyi paPCB. |
PCB Package Sarudzo
Iyo 555 timer IC inowanikwa mu8-pini DIP yekukwira-gomba uye 8-pini SOIC yekumusoro-gomo maapplication. DIP mapakeji ane 0.3-inch mutsara wemutsara ane maburi akakura 0.8-1.0mm dhayamita. Surface-Mount akasiyana-siyana anoda chaiwo pad dimensions kuti akwanise solder fillet kuumbwa. Gara uchisanganisira maratidziro ekutarisa uye pini-1 zviratidzo paPCB kudzivirira kukanganisa kwegungano.
Nzira dzekushanda
Iyo 555 timer yakabatanidzwa yedunhu inoshanda mune matatu akasiyana modhi, imwe neimwe ichishandira akasiyana nguva uye oscillation zvinodiwa muPCB application. Iyo IC inoshanda kune yakafara voltage renji kubva 4.5V kusvika 15V DC, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akasiyana emagetsi masisitimu.
Monostable Mode
Mune monostable configuration, iyo 555 timer IC inogadzira imwechete inobuda pulse kana yamutswa. Nguva yenguva inotaridzirwa nekunze resistor uye capacitor values uchishandisa formula T = 1.1 × R × C. Nokuda kwekushanda kwePCB yakavimbika, nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa nguva dziri pedyo neI IC ine mafupi mafupi ekuderedza kusagadzikana kweruzha. Sanganisira 0.01µF bypass capacitor pane yekudzora voltage pini kune yakagadzikana referensi voltage. Iyi modhi yakanakira pulse chizvarwa, nguva kunonoka maseketi, uye kubata-activated switch.
Atable Mode
Astable modhi inogadzira inoenderera sikweya wave kubuda pasina yekunze inokonzeresa, yakanakira chizvarwa chewachi uye oscillator application. Iyo frequency inotsamira kune maviri resistors uye imwe capacitor, yakaverengerwa se f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2 × R2) × C). Shandisa yakagadzika capacitor mhando senge polyester kana ceramic kune inowirirana frequency. Isa zvinhu zvenguva padhuze pamwe chete paPCB kuderedza kurasika capacitance mhedzisiro. Ita shuwa kuti yakaringana hupamhi hwekutsvagira pini yekubuda uye inosanganisira akateedzana resistors paunenge uchityaira maLED zvakananga. Ground zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kusangana panzvimbo imwechete padyo neIC kudzivirira nguva jitter.
Bistable Mode
Bistable modhi inogadzira flip-flop wedunhu ine mbiri dzakagadzikana nyika, ichipindura kune inokonzeresa uye kusetazve mapopu. Iyo inobuda inoramba iri mune yayo yekupedzisira yakarairwa mamiriro nekusingaperi pasina zvikamu zvenguva. Iyi modhi inobatsira latching maseketi, touch switch, uye zviri nyore ndangariro zvinhu. Paunenge uchiita paPCB, sanganisira de-bouncing maseketi emakanika switch ekuisa uye kudhonza-up resistors kune akatsanangurwa logic mazinga.
Variants uye Alternatives
Idzo shanduro dzeCMOS seLMC555 uye TLC555 dzinopa zvakakosha pamusoro peyakajairwa bipolar 555 timers, ichidya mamicroamperes pachinzvimbo chemilli amperes uye kushanda kubva kuzasi voltages kudzika kusvika 1.5V. Aya akasiyana akanakira bhatiri-powered PCB dhizaini ine yakaderedzwa kupisa kugadzirwa. Iyo 556 mbiri mbiri timer IC mapakeji maviri akazara 555 maseketi mune gumi nemana-pini pasuru, ichichengetedza nzvimbo yebhodhi yemadhizaini anoda akawanda mabasa enguva. Mazuva ano ma microcontrollers anogona kudzokorora 555 mashandiro ane akawedzera programmability, kunyangwe iyo 555 timer IC inoramba ichidhura-inoshanda kune yakapusa nguva yekushandisa.
Kuenzanisa Tafura: 555 Timer IC Variants
| mamiriro | Chiyero 555 | CMOS 555 | 556 Dual |
| Supply Voltage | 4.5V - 16V | 1.5V - 15V | 4.5V - 16V |
| Supply Yazvino | 3–6 mA | 100–250 µA | 6–12 mA |
| Max Frequency | 500 kHz | 3 MHz | 500 kHz |
| Output Current | 200 mA | 100 mA | 200 mA imwe neimwe |
| Best For | General nguva | Bhatiri-rinoiswa simba | Dual channels |
PCB Dhizaini Yakanakisa Maitiro
Kubudirira 555 timer IC kushandiswa kunoda kungwarira PCB layout. Isa iyo IC nechepakati nezvikamu zvenguva mukati me1-2 cm yemapini akakodzera. Isa iyo 0.1µF decoupling capacitor nekukurumidza padhuze nepini yemagetsi ine mapfupi, akafara traces. Route trigger input inotsvaga kure nekubuda nekuburitsa mapini kudzivirira kukonzeresa kwenhema. Shandisa pasi ndege inozadza kune yakaderera impedance kudzoka nzira uye electromagnetic kudzivirirwa. Iva nechokwadi chehuremu hwemhangura hwakakwana hwekubuda kwekubata ikozvino uye sanganisira kuzorora kwekupisa kwemaoko. Sarudza FR-4 zvinhu zvekushandisa kwakawanda, ine chaiyo yekutevera nzira inochengetedza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye kusadzivirirwa kweruzha.
Troubleshooting uye Testing
Zvakajairwa 555 timer IC nyaya dzinosanganisira kusagadzikana kwenguva kubva kune ruzha magetsi emagetsi kana kusakwana kubatanidza. Gara isa 0.1µF ceramic capacitor padyo nepini yemagetsi uye wedzera 0.01µF capacitor papini yekudzora voltage. Kushivirira kwechikamu kunokanganisa kurongeka zvakanyanya, saka shandisa 1% resistors uye yepamusoro-mhando yefirimu capacitor yekunyatsoita nguva. Edzai maseketi nekuona magetsi ekupa papini 8, kutarisa kubatana kwepasi papini 1, uye kushandisa oscilloscope kuona kubuda kwemafungu. Tarisa chikumbaridzo uye konzeresa pini voltages panguva yekushanda kuti uone kwakaringana chiito chekuenzanisa.
Applications Applications
Iyo 555 timer IC inokwenenzvera mune chaiyo nguva maseketi ekushandisa mumaindasitiri uchishandisa tembiricha-yakabhadharwa zvikamu. Simba manejimendi anogadziridza kuwedzera PWM kugona kwekuchinja magetsi emagetsi uye mota yekumhanyisa controller. Maodhiyo ekushandisa anosanganisira majenareta ematoni, siren, uye voltage-inodzorwa oscillator yemimhanzi mhedzisiro. Iyo IC's yakasimba yekubuda nhanho inogona kutyaira zvakananga MOSFETs pasina imwe buffering. Zvishandiso zvinotangira kubva kune akareruka emwenje e LED kusvika kune akaomesesa ekudzora masisitimu, achiratidza kuenderera mberi kweiyi yekare yakabatanidzwa redunhu mumagadzirirwo ePCB emazuva ano.
mhedziso
Iyo 555 timer IC inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha muPCB dhizaini anopfuura makore makumi mashanu mushure mekugadzirwa kwayo. Kuchinjika kwayo kunowedzera monostable pulse generation, astable oscillation, uye bistable flip-flop mashandiro ane akaderedzwa ekunze zvikamu. Kunzwisisa kwakakodzera Yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi marongero maitiro, kusarudzwa kwechikamu, uye maitiro ekushandisa anobatsira vagadziri kugadzira akavimbika uye anoshanda nguva maseketi. CMOS akasiyana uye maviri-timer mapakeji anosimudzira dhizaini mikana uchichengetedza kuenderana neiyo yekutanga dhizaini.
At Wonderful PCB, isu tinonyanya kugadzira emhando yepamusoro edunhu mabhodhi akagadziridzwa 555 timer IC application. Chikwata chedu chine ruzivo chinovimbisa kuisirwa kwakaringana kwechikamu, kutsvaga nzira, uye manejimendi ekupisa kwekuita kwakavimbika. Kunyangwe iwe uchida prototype mabhodhi kana akazara ekugadzira anomhanya, edu epamberi ekugadzira ekugadzira anoburitsa chaiwo Akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCBs) anosangana nezvako zvakatemwa. Contact Wonderful PCB nhasi kukurukura zvaunoda purojekiti uye kuunza yako 555 timer IC magadzirirwo kuhupenyu ane hunyanzvi hwemhando uye kuvimbika.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Iyo 555 timer inogona kushandiswa mune yakakwira-frequency application?
Yakajairwa bipolar 555 timers inoshanda yakavimbika kusvika pa500 kHz, nepo CMOS mutsauko seLMC555 inosvika 3 MHz. Kupfuura aya ma frequency, funga chaiyo oscillator ICs. PCB dhizaini ine mapfupi mafupi uye kudzika kwakaringana kunove kwakakosha pamafrequency epamusoro.
Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa zvePCB zvekugadzirisa nguva chaiyo?
Shandisa 1% kushivirira resistors uye tembiricha-yakagadzikana capacitors yakaiswa mukati me1-2 cm yeIC pini. Sanganisira 0.1µF decoupling papini yemagetsi uye 0.01µF pa control voltage pini. Shandisa pasi ndege kana nyeredzi pasi kuti uderedze kukanganisa.
Ko 555 timers inogona kutyaira yakakwira-ikozvino mitoro zvakananga?
Iyo inobuda inogona kuburitsa kana kunyura 200 mA, inokwana maLED uye madiki relay. Pamhepo yakakwira kana mitoro inopinza, shandisa madhiraivha ekunze ane flyback diode kudzivirira.
Ini ndinodzivirira sei 555 timer maseketi kubva kuESD paPCBs?
Wedzera zvakatevedzana zvinopikisa (10-100 kΩ) pamapini ekuisa uye maTVS diode pane zvekunze zvinongedzo. Shandisa ndege dzepasi kudzivirira uye chengetedza nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa yepasi kune zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa.
Ndezvipi zvinotariswa zvekupisa kwe555 timer PCB marongero?
Standard bipolar 555s inogadzira kupisa kubva kune yakanyarara ikozvino. CMOS misiyano inoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba. Nezvekushandisa zvine simba repamusoro, shandisa mapedhi makuru emhangura, thermal vias, uye nzvimbo yakakwana kubva kune zvinonzwa kupisa.
