Piritsi rako reIP68 rakagwinya rakapasa bvunzo yekurabhoritari. Izvozvo hazvina kufanana nekugara mudura rezvinhu. Pakati pebvunzo yeIEC 60529 yekunyudzwa isina kusimba uye nzvimbo yekugovera zvinhu inotonhora inoshanda maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo, pane mukana wakakura wekuuraya purogiramu - uye mainjiniya mazhinji eOEM anongoiwana mushure mePVT.
Heino chaizvo maitiro acho Wonderful PCB vakagadzira piritsi re 5G re 10.1-inch rinodzivirira matatu rekuisa mudura remagetsi rinodhura zvakanyanya, uye chii chakakanganisika chaizvo munzira.
1. Project Overview
Mutengi aishanda netiweki yeTier-1 logistics — nzvimbo dzekugovera zvinhu zvakawanda pamwe nenzvimbo dzinotakura chikafu nemishonga. Mapiritsi avo akasimba emhando yepamusoro evatengi akanga apera mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe ari pasi peimba yekuchengetera zvinhu. Zvivharo zvaitsemuka. Zvivharo zvaibuda mushure mekunge marori apera mufiriji. Wi-Fi yadonha pedyo nesimbi yakavharwa.
Chinyorwa chacho chaive chakanangana: kuvaka piritsi reAndroid re 5G rakasimba re 10-inch rinogona kubata kudedera kwe forklift-mount, kudonha kwe concrete, kutenderera kwekupisa kwezuva nezuva kubva pa −25°C freezer bays kusvika mukati me trailer ye 55°C, uye Wi-Fi 6 / private LTE environments mukati me 500,000 sq ft steel-rack buildings. IP68 waterproof rating, MIL-STD-810H drop resistance, barcode scanner module, NFC, GPS, uye bhatiri re 8,000mAh. Kuwanikwa kwechinhu ichi kwakavimbiswa kwemakore 5–7.
Zvakatevera zvaive mwedzi gumi nemana kubva pakugadzirwa kwechirongwa kusvika pakuburitswa kwakawanda - uye nguva nhatu dzakapotsa dzapedza chirongwa.
2. Zvinodiwa neMutengi uye Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi
Zvinangwa zvinoshanda:
- Chiratidziro cheFHD che 10.1-inch chine glove-touch uye chiedza chinoverengwa nechiedza chezuva
- Module yekuongorora bhakhodi ye2D yakabatanidzwa, NFC, GPS
- LTE ine sarudzo ye5G sub-6GHz
- Android ine kiosk mode uye rutsigiro rwekuvandudza OTA yebhizinesi
- Sisitimu yekutarisira midziyo yekuchengetedza zvinhu (warehouse management system) uye kuenderana kweERP
Zvinangwa zvezvakatipoteredza:
- IP68: 1.5m kunyudzwa, maminetsi makumi matatu, zvichienderana neIEC 60529
- Kudzivirira kudonha kweMIL-STD-810H: 1.5m pakongiri, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana
- Tembiricha yekushanda: −20°C kusvika 60°C
- Kutenderera kwemvura yakawanda, kudedera pa profile ye forklift-mount
Zvinangwa zvecheni yekugovera:
- makore mashanu kusvika manomwe ehupenyu hwechikamu
- SoC yemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri ine Android BSP yakasimbiswa
- Chitupa chechipiri chekuyeuka uye manejimendi yesimba IC
Kutevedzera mitemo ye "cold-chain" kwakawedzera chikamu chisingakosheswi nezvirongwa zvakawanda: Zvinodiwa neFSMA neHACCP zvine chekuita ne "food and pharma pallets" zvinoreva kuti hapana kushivirira kana mvura yapinda. Imwe "unit" inodonhedza mvura mu "fleet" inokonzera kuchinjana kwese kwese. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave ne "cost" yakagadzirisa sarudzo yega yega ye "sealing" iri pasi pemvura.
3. Kugadzira Sisitimu uye Kusarudza Puratifomu
Ongororo yeSoC yakauya nenzira mbiri: chikuva cheQualcomm industrial Snapdragon uye mhinduro yeMediaTek ine chipset yakasimba.
Sarudzo yeMediaTek yaive nenguva pfupi yekutungamira uye mutengo wakaderera weBOM. Qualcomm yakakunda pazvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha pakushandiswa uku: kugadzikana kweRF munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzenzira dzakawanda, zvibvumirano zvekutsigira Android BSP kwenguva refu, uye chain yechipiri yekupa zvinhu inodiwa kwemakore mashanu kusvika manomwe ehupenyu.
Magadzirirwo emabhuroko eHardware Yakarongwa yakakomberedza masisitimu mashanu:
SoC ndiyo yaityaira display driver, memory stack, uye PMIC. RF module yaive panzvimbo yakasiyana yePCB ine ground plane yayo. Barcode scanner module yakabatana kuburikidza neUSB mukati ne firmware partition yakatsaurirwa. 8,000mAh battery stack yaishandisa industrial-grade protection IC ine cold-start voltage stabilization yakadzikira kusvika -20°C — isingakurukurekiswe pakushanda freezer bay.
Iyo 8-layer HDI PCB yaive ne controlled impedance routing pa differential pairs, DDR length matching mukati me ±0.1mm, uye full power plane isolation pakati peRF ne logic domains. Hapana chimwe chezvizvi chisingawanzoitiki.
Chakanyanya kushamisa ndechekuti chii chakaitika pawakadonhedza gungano rese kubva pakakwirira.
4. HDI PCB neRF Engineering
4.1 Kukundikana kwePCB Hapana Anoisa muDatasheet
Pakati peDVT nePVT, chirongwa ichi chakapotsa chapera nekuda kwechimwe chinhu chisingaonekwe mune chero pepa re data re component: Kutsemuka kwejoini reBGA solder kunokonzerwa nekutsemuka kwechassis panguva yekuyedza kudonha.
Kana imba yakasimbiswa nemagnesium ikarova pasi pekongiri pa 1.5–2m, haiputsike. Inogonya - zvakakwana. Furemu ye magnesium alloy ine modulus inosvika 45 GPa. Pasi pekona, inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiendesa shear stress zvakananga muPCB nenzira dzinoenderana ne high-strain lines: power rails, high-speed differential pairs, battery connector pads. Pa −20°C, FR-4 laminate inova brittle. Musanganiswa wacho iBGA crack yakamirira kuitika.
Chikwata ichi chakagadzira mayuniti eDVT aripo ane ma micro strain gauges akabatana zvakananga paPCB munzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa. Donhedza pa concrete anvil, nyora microstrain panguva chaiyo. Nhamba yepamusoro ye 800–1,200 µε munharaunda - pamusoro pe 500 µε threshold apo BGA underfill inotanga kurasikirwa ne adhesion nekuda kwe crawlings dzinodzokororwa.
Kugadzirisa kwacho hakuna kubva papepa reruzivo. Yakabva pakuwedzera 0.2mm stainless stiffeners uye corner-bond epoxy chete pamapakeji ane simba guru, ndokuzoisazve internal screw bosses kuti pave ne stress cage inoganhurira chassis twist kusvika pasi pe0.3°. Data iroro rinogara mu internal process traveler. Hauzoriwani mune chero MIL-STD-810H test report.
Maitiro edzimba dzePVT anovhara maturusi. Kugadziriswa kwedzimba dzepakati nepakati kunoreva maturusi matsva akaomarara — mavhiki matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri uye mutengo wemadhora zviuru makumi mashanu ($50,000–$150,000). Kuwana izvi paDVT panzvimbo pePVT kwaive musiyano uripo pakati pekunonoka nekutangwazve kwepurogiramu.
4.2 Kugadzikana kweRF muImba Yakasimbiswa neSimbi
Dzidziso yacho inobata RF mudzimba dzakasimbiswa nesimbi sedambudziko rekuisa antenna uye dambudziko repasi. Muimba yekuchengetera zvinhu, dzidziso iyoyo inoparara.
Chigadziko chesimbi pamwe nefuremu yemagnesium zvinogadzira gomba rine resonant. Maitiro aro anochinja nekupisa sezvo imba yacho ichikura, nekubata kwemushandisi sezvo ruoko ruchikwanisa kudzikamisa pasi, uye nenharaunda seforklift inofamba kana rack yesimbi inochinja chimiro che multipath. Simulation inofanotaura mashandiro enzvimbo yakasununguka. Haifanotaura zvinoitika kana mushandisi akabata tablet rakasimba muchimiro chemufananidzo akamira pakati pema racks esimbi e 8-meter neforklift ichipfuura pamamita matatu.
Muchiitiko ichocho, mabhendi eWi-Fi 6 ne4G anoona 8–15 dB null shifts. Kupinda kweLTE/5G MIMO kunodonha nekuti maantenna ese ari maviri anodonha zvisina kurongeka hapana network yekufananidza yechiteshi chimwe chete inogona kugadzirisa. Ruzivo rwemunda kubva kumayuniti akaendeswa rwakaramba ruchiratidzwa. 25–40% yakaderera pane nhamba dzemakamuri asina chinhu.
Mhinduro dzaida kugadziriswa kweantenna yeFPC mukati memamiriro akasiyana-siyana uye ekurodha, RF shielding inogona kugadzira yakatenderedza PMIC kuderedza mupiro weEMI, uye kugadziriswa kwendege yepasi kwakasimbiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekuchengetera zvinhu - kwete RF chamber chete. Kuedzwa kwekutevedzera FCC neCE kwakaitwa mushure mekugadzirisa mamiriro emunda, kwete kare.
5. Unyanzvi Hwekuvaka Hune Zvipo Zvitatu
5.1 Kudzivirira Mvura kweIP68: Nzira Yekukundikana Chaiyo
Hechino chinhu chinokanganisa mainjiniya eOEM mazhinji nezve IP68: gasket haisi iyo inokundikana mumunda.
Kuyedzwa kweIEC 60529 kunyura hakuchinji — tembiricha yemukamuri, hapana shanduko yekumanikidzwa, maminetsi makumi matatu. Chigadziko chechando chewarehouse chinosangana nechimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose. Piritsi rakasimba rinopisa kusvika 55–70°C mukati metiravha panguva yekurodha masikati. Mhepo yemukati inokura, inoburitsa maburi nepakati penzira diki. Zvadaro inopinda mufiriji ine −25°C. Chigadziko chinodzika. Mhepo yemukati inotonhorera uye inogadzira vacuum ye−5 kusvika −15 kPa. Vacuum iyoyo inodhonza mvura mukati ichipfuura nepagasket rinotaridzika zvakanaka mugomba rakachekwa — nekuti kukundikana hakusi gasket, asi kutsauka kwemadziro edzimba ye0.1–0.2mm pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaipa.
Kuchekwa kweropa mushure mekufa kunoratidza magaskets asina kuchena ane nzira dzemvura dzichionekwa panzvimbo yakaderera yedzimba kana padyo nemasuo echiteshi. Gasket yakapfuura. Dzimba dzakapfava.
Nzira yekudzivirira: Kamudzira keGore micro-breather kakagadziriswa kane IP68 kachipfuura nemhepo inoyerera kubva pa 0.5–1 mL/min, pamwe neFEA pressure mapping kuti madziro arambe ari pasi pe 0.05mm. Pasina kufema, kunyange magasket e fluorosilicone epamusoro anokundikana mumwedzi 6–18 yekuiswa kwechando.
Mamwe magadzirirwo ekuisa chisimbiso:
- Magasket maviri esilicone pamajoini ese akavharirwa
- Kamudzira kasingapindi mvura kemuchina weacoustic pazvikwiriso zvespika nemamaikorofoni
- Chivharo cheUSB Type-C chakavharwa chine gonhi rinodzivirira
- Kuenzanisa kumanikidzwa kuburikidza nemhepo inofema yakaganhurirwa chete
5.2 Kuramba Kudonha: Dambudziko re37–42°
MIL-STD-810H Nzira 516.7 inotsanangura kudonha kwechiso chakati sandara uye kutaridzika kwekutarisa zvisina kurongeka. Pfungwa yekutanga yeinjiniya yechikwata: makona emagnesium akasimbiswa pamwe nembambo dzekuvhunduka dzemukati zvaizogovera mutoro wekurova uye zvakarova 95%+ kupona pa1.5m.
Dhata remakamera ekumhanya kweDVT rakataura nyaya yakasiyana. Pakona chaiyo ye37–42°, mwero wekurarama wakaderera kusvika pa42%.
Pakona iyoyo, vhekitari yeimpact yakabatana nePCB span refu isina kutsigirwa uye musono webhatiri cell stack panguva imwe chete. Kukundikana kwekutanga kwakaitika padonhwe 18 — zvichienzaniswa ne200+ zvaifungidzirwa.
Hapana akambofungidzira kuti hwindo iroro remakona rakafanana nekuti kuyedza MIL-STD-810H flat-face hakuite kuti riwedzere kusimba uye FEA inoshandisa fungidziro dzakasimba dzisingabatanidzwi nePCB coupling.
Kugadziriswa kwacho kwaida kuwedzera ribbing yemukati uye kuchinja tembiricha yemagnesium alloy. Uku kwaive kugadziriswa kweimba mavhiki maviri PVT isati yaoma. Yakadhura, asi yaigona kupona. Chakaita kuti ipone kwaive kushandiswa kwekamera inomhanya panguva yeDVT, kwete mushumo wekukundikana kwemunda mushure mePVT.
Kuisa motherboard inoyangarara uye kusimbiswa kwekona kwemabhafa zvakawedzerwa padhizaini yekupedzisira. Kutevedzera vibration kwakaitwa patsva pa forklift-mount profile PVT isati yasaina.
6. Unyanzvi hweThermal neSimba
Piritsi rakavharwa rakasimba rinoshandisa 5G nguva dzose muzuva rakananga idambudziko rekugadzirisa kupisa pasina nzira yekubuda nayo iri pachena. Hapana feni. Hapana pombi yemhepo. Kupisa kunofanira kufamba kune imwe nzvimbo.
Nzira yekupisa: girafu regirafu rakayambuka SoC neRF module → copper spreader → conduction kuburikidza ne magnesium sub-frame → dissipation pamusoro pekunze kweimba. Kuenzanisa kwekupisa kwakamhanya usati wachekwa chero tooling, ichiratidza tembiricha dzejunction pasi pemutoro wakanyanya: 60°C ambient, LTE data yakasimba, skrini pachiedza chakazara.
Bhatiri re8,000mAh raida IC yekudzivirira yemhando yepamusoro ine kugadzikana kwekutanga kwemhepo. Pa -20°C, resistance yemukati me lithium cell inokwira zvakanyanya. Pasina manejimendi yemagetsi ekutanga kwemhepo, mudziyo unotadza kutanga kana kudhonza pulse current isina kuchengetedzeka panotanga mufiriji. Izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvinonetsa. Chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwemhepo yechando iyo maIC ekutonga mabhatiri evatengi asingatarisirwi.
7. Kugadzirisa Software uye Kubatanidzwa Kwemaindasitiri
Kugadziriswa kweAndroid kwakanangana nezvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa nebhizinesi: kuvharirwa kwekiosk mode yekushanda kweWMS, kuenderana kwekutonga kwemidziyo yenharembozha yebhizinesi kuti ishande zvakanaka, uye kugona kweOTA remote update - zvakakosha pakushandiswa kwemayuniti zviuru gumi kusvika zviuru makumi mashanu apo kugadzirisa kwefirmware kwemuviri kusingagoneke.
Kubatanidzwa kweWMS neERP kwaida kuti module yebarcode scanner ibudise pachena HID keyboard wedge profile pamwe neSDK API yakananga, ichibatanidza mapuratifomu eWMS ekare uye masisitimu emazuva ano eREST-based warehouse. Rutsigiro rwePrivate LTE neWi-Fi 6E network rwakasimbiswa zvichienderana nemapurogiramu chaiwo efrequency anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekugovera dzemutengi - kwete chete panzvimbo yekupinda mulab.
8. Prototyping uye Validation
EVT yakatarisana neSoC review-up, bare-board RF measurement, power subsystem validation, uye thermal profiles. Hapana pekugara parizvino. Chinangwa: tsvaga zvikanganiso zvemagadzirirwo usati washandisa pakushandisa maturusi.
DVT isa mudziyo wese muchikamu chekupedzisira kana kuti chepedyo nechokupedzisira. Apa ndipo pakaonekwa kutadza kudonha kwe37–42°. Pakaitika strain gauge mapping. Apo vacuum ingress mode yakaonekwa kuburikidza ne combined temperature and pressure cycling — kwete IEC static test. RF OTA measurement mu anechoic chamber, wobva waisa mu warehouse chaiyo. Battery cycling mu range yakazara ye -20°C kusvika 60°C.
PVT kugona kwekugadzira kwakasimbiswa, kwete dhizaini. Kuiswa kweBGA muchimiro cheSMT, kuongororwa kweX-ray kuti hapana chinhu chinobuda here pamapakeji akakosha, kugadzirisa chimiro chemufananidzo wekudzoka kwemvura. Kusimbiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira asingapindi mvura kunosanganisira kutevedzana kwetorque yematanho maviri uye kugara kwenzvimbo inodzorwa.
Kuedzwa kwekuvimbika kwaisanganisira:
- Kunyudzwa kweIP68 kwakaedzwazve mushure mekudonha kwemadonhwe mazana mashanu (500 cumulative drains) kuti vaone kuti chisimbiso chakasimba sei mumamiriro ekushungurudzwa.
- Kutenderera kwetembiricha: −20°C kusvika 70°C, macircuits mazana maviri, zvichienderana neEN 60068-2-14
- Kamuri rehunyoro pa85°C/85% RH
- Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwechiteshi chekuchaja: Kutenderera kwe10,000 kwekuisa pachinongedzo cheType-C chakavharwa
- Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi kweBarcode scanner pamhando dzakasiyana dzetembiricha dzekushanda
9. Kugadzira Misa uye Kudzora Kwehutano
Kuunganidzwa kweSMT kwaiitwa neBGA yakanyatsoiswa zvakanaka neX-ray inspection pane imwe neimwe panel. Reflow profile yakagadzirirwa zvakanangana nekusanganiswa kwekubatanidzwa — mapakeji akajairwa pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzeBGA dzakawanikwa panguva yeDVT strain mapping.
Maitiro ekugadzira madziro asingapindi mvura ndipo panobva kukundikana kukuru kwehuwandu, uye zvinosvika padanho rimwe risingamboonekwi pamufananidzo:
Torque ine nhanho mbiri pamwe nehwindo rekuzorora remaawa makumi maviri nemana pa23°C / 45% RH.
Matekiniki vanotanga vasimbisa masikuruu ese emumativi kusvika pa30% ye final spec mu star pattern. Wobva wamirira maawa makumi maviri nemana kuti gasket elastomer nezvinhu zvekugara zvitsvedzerere. Wobva waisa final torque — kazhinji 0.8–1.2 Nm yeM3 screws mu magnesium. Kusvetuka relaxation window, kana kushandisa maitiro pa35°C/70% RH, kunoita kuti gasket compression ive yakasiyana ne15–25%. Units dzakavakwa nenzira iyoyo dzinopfuura helium leak testing uye dzinokundikana mushure memavhiki maviri ethermal cycling.
Maitiro iwayo anogara mugwaro remukati rekufamba mushure mekunge nzvimbo yekutanga yeDVT ine mayuniti mazana maviri yabuda.
Hazvionekwi pamufananidzo weinjiniya. Vagadziri vemitsetse vanodzidza nenzira yakaoma, kana kuti havazvidzidzi kusvika ruzivo rwewarandi yemutengi rwasvika.
Kuedza kudonha kwemvura usati waisa package. Kusunga torque kwakadzorwa uchishandisa maturusi akagadziriswa. Kutarisa kunamira kwemvura pachiratidziro cheUV. Chigadziko chega chega.
10. Matambudziko eUinjiniya neMhinduro
| Challenge | Technical Risk | mhinduro | mugumisiro |
| BGA inotsemuka pasi pechasi inochinjika | Kukundikana kwejoini reSolder pa -20°C | Kugadzira mamepu ekusimbisa nekuyera strain + kugadzirisa mbabvu dzemudumbu + epoxy yekona-bond | Ndakapasa MIL-STD-810H donhwe paDVT |
| Kupinda kwevacuum mushure mekutenderera kwekupisa | Kukundikana kwechisimbiso cheIP68 mumunda | Kambani yekufema yeGore yakagadzikwa + mepu yekuchinja madziro yeFEA | Kukundikana kwekupinda kwezero mubvunzo ye500-cycle combined env |
| 37–42° donhwe rekona rakadonha kutadza kukuru | Kupona kwe42% zvichienzaniswa ne95% zvakafanotaurwa | Kugadziriswa kwembambo dzemba + shanduko yekupisa kwemagnesium + chisimbiso chePCB chinoyangarara | Ndakapfuura madonhwe anopfuura 200 pamativi ese |
| RF null inochinja mudura resimbi | Kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo 25–40% zvichienzaniswa nekamuri | Kugadziriswa kweantenna yeFPC + kusimbiswa kwemamiriro emunda + dhizaini yekudzivirira kabhini | Stable LTE/Wi-Fi 6 iri munzvimbo yakazara yeforklift/rack |
| Kusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwegasket mumusangano | Kukundikana kwechisimbiso mushure mekutenderera kwekupisa | Torque ine nhanho mbiri + kuzorora kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa23°C/45% RH inodzorwa | Kudzvinyirirwa kwakasimba, hapana kubuda kwemvura paPVT |
| Kukundikana kwechando kutanga pa -20°C | Mudziyo haubvisi mufiriji | IC yekudzivirira bhatiri remhando yepamusoro ine kugadzikana kwemagetsi anotonhora | Bhutsu yakavimbika ine tembiricha yakakwana ye -20°C kusvika 60°C |
11. Mhedzisiro yeProjekiti uye Mhedzisiro yeMusika
Chirongwa ichi chakasvika pane chinangwa chega chega:
- Chitupa cheIP68 chinoenderana neIEC 60529, chakasimbiswazve mushure mekudonha kwemadonhwe mazana mashanu
- Nzira yeMIL-STD-810H 516.7 yakapfuura nepakati penzvimbo dzese dzekudonhedza madziro kusanganisira hwindo re37–42°
- Kushanda kwakasimba kwakasimbiswa pakati pe -20°C kusvika 60°C, kusanganisira kuiswa kwechando-chain freezer bay
- Kubatana kweWi-Fi 6 neLTE yakavanzika kwakasimbiswa munzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zviripo nekurodha kwakazara kwesimbi-rack uye forklift
- Huwandu hwekugadzirwa hwakawanikwa pahwakatarisirwa pasina kukundikana kwekugadzira mvura mushure mekugadzirisa-kufamba
Yakaiswa paTier-1 3PL network. 60–70% yemayuniti emotokari akaiswa pamacradles eforklift, 20–30% inobatwa nemaoko munzvimbo dzefreezer. Ruzivo rwenguva yekushanda kwemotokari kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe rwakaratidza kuti hapana IP68-ine chekuita nekukundikana kwenzvimbo - chiyero chinonyanya kukosha kana kutevedzera mitemo yechando kusingadi kuti mvura ipinde munzvimbo dzechikafu nedzemishonga.
12. Mhedziso
IP68 iri papepa rekuongorora uye IP68 mushure mekudonhedzwa kwe500 mufiriji ye -25°C zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Musiyano uripo pakati pavo idhizaini yePCB yakakwenenzverwa, ma breather membranes akagadziriswa, mahwindo ekuzorora anotenderera maawa makumi maviri nemana, uye RF tuning inoitirwa mudura chairo - kwete mukamuri chete. Ndizvo zvinoita kuti pave nechinhu chimwe chete. Wonderful PCB inounza kumapurogiramu eOEM neODM e tablet akasimba eindasitiri: hudzamu hweinjiniya hunochengetedza mudziyo wako uri mupenyu kupfuura nguva yewarandi.
Wonderful PCB ine mapurogiramu eOEM neODM akasimba epiritsi — kubva kuzvivakwa zvehardware uye HDI pcb dhizaini kuburikidza nekuongorora kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwakabvumidzwa uye kutadza kushanda mumunda. Bata timu yeinjiniya kuti mukurukure zvinodiwa pakugadzira mapiritsi eindasitiri.
