PCB inomirira Printed Circuit Board, chinova chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi. Inoshanda serutsigiro rwezvinhu zvemagetsi uye inopa kubatana kwemagetsi, ichiita basa rakakosha mukutsigira kwemuviri uye kuita kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Basa rayo guru nderokuita kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zvigadzire masekete uye magetsi ekubatanidza maererano negadziriro yakagadzirwa kare pasina kukuvara kana deformation zvachose. PCB inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira midziyo yekutaurirana, makomputa, midziyo yekurapa, uye muchadenga.
Mabviro ePCB anogona kurondwa kumashure kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 apo michina yemagetsi yaive newaya dzakawanda dzaimonereka, dzaitora nzvimbo yakakosha, uye kazhinji dzakapfupika. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, muvambi wechiGerman Albert Hanssen akapayona pfungwa ye "wiring" mukutanga kwema1900 nekucheka nzira dzinofambisa kubva kusimbi foil uye nekudzinamatira kune wakisi bepa, kugadzira vias pamharadzano dzemagetsi ekubatanidza pakati peakasiyana akaturikidzana. Iyi pfungwa yakaisa hwaro hwedzidziso yePCB kugadzira nekusimudzira.
Mumakore ekuma1920, Charles Ducas wekuUnited States akaronga zano rekudhinda mapatani edunhu pane insulating substrates uyezve electroplating kugadzira makondukita ewaya. Iyi nzira yakavhura musuwo wePCB tekinoroji yemazuva ano. Nekufamba kwenguva, tekinoroji yePCB yakaramba ichishanduka, zvichitungamira mukubuda kwemultilayer PCB, yakakwirira-chaiyo yakakwirira-density maseketi, uye otomatiki maitiro ekugadzira, zvichiita kuti PCB ive yakakosha kugadzira zvemagetsi industry.
Ngationgororei mukugadzirwa kwePCB uye mashandisirwo!
Materials for PCB
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuPCB zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira:
- Zvakaoma PCB zvinhu: Kazhinji inosanganisira phenolic paper laminates, epoxy paper laminates, polyester glass fiber laminates, uye epoxy glass laminates.
- Flexible PCB zvinhu: Kazhinji inosanganisira mafirimu epolyester, mafirimu epolyimide, uye fluorinated ethylene propylene mafirimu.
- FR-4 (girazi fiber yakasimbiswa plastiki): Inozivikanwa nekunakisisa insulation, kupisa kupisa, uye michina zvivakwa, yakakodzera kune akawanda emagetsi zvishandiso.
- CEM-3 (cellulose yakasimbiswa plastiki): Inopa simba rakanaka remagetsi uye kushanda kwemagetsi asi kuderera kwekudzivirira kupisa.
- Graphene: Inoratidzira yakatanhamara conductivity, thermal conductivity, uye mechaniki zvivakwa, asi haishandiswe zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yekugadzira.
- Metal substrates: Ipa yakakwira yekupisa conductivity uye simba remagetsi, yakakodzera kune yakakwirira-simba uye yakakwirira-frequency zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
- PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene): Inozivikanwa neakanakisa dielectric zvivakwa uye kupisa kuramba, yakakodzera kune yakakwirira-frequency zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira PCB zvichibva pane chaiyo application zvinodiwa kuti uwane kuita kwakaringana uye mutengo-kubudirira.
Pcb Kugadzira Maitiro
Iyo PCB yekugadzira maitiro inowanzo sanganisira anotevera matanho:
- Circuit design: Shandisa EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software kudhirowa dhiyagiramu yedunhu, uchifunga nezve mashandiro edunhu, kusarudzwa kwechikamu, uye chiratidzo chekufambisa.
- Kugadzirira kwezvinhu: Sarudza ma substrates akakodzera uye mhangura-akapfeka mabhodhi zvichienderana nekukura kwedhiyagiramu yedunhu uye zvinodiwa, uye gadzirira zvese zvinodiwa zvikamu uye maturusi.
- Circuit board production: Dhinda dhayagiramu yedunhu pabhodhi-yakapfeka bhodhi, inoteverwa nekucheka uye kuchenesa kugadzira bhodhi redunhu. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana senge engraving uye laser printing inogona kushandiswa.
- Component soldering: Solder inodiwa zvinhu pabhodhi redunhu, kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekutengesa dzakadai semanyorero kana muchina solder.
- Kuedza uye kugadzirisa: Mushure mekutengesa, edza uye gadzirisa bhodhi redunhu kuti uone kushanda kwakakodzera.
- Gungano uye kuongorora kwekupedzisira: Pakupedzisira, unganidza bhodhi redunhu muchigadzirwa uye woita ongororo yekupedzisira kuti uone kuteedzera zvakatemwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti PCB kugadzira kunosanganisira akawanda nhanho uye inoda hunyanzvi muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Sezvo mhando yePCB ichikanganisa zvakananga hunhu hwese uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi, kusimba kwemhando uye kunyatso kudzora panguva yekugadzira kwakakosha.
mhando PCB
PCB inogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana neakasiyana maitiro:
Nechimiro:
- Mabhodhi akaoma: Yakagadzirwa kubva kune isingachinjiki, yakasimba substrates inopa tsigiro yezvakaiswa zvemagetsi zvikamu, zvinosanganisira fiberglass, bepa, composite, ceramic, uye simbi substrates.
- Flexible boards: Yakagadzirwa kubva kune inochinjika insulating zvinhu, inobvumira kukotama, kupeta, uye kupeta, kuenderana nezvinodiwa nzvimbo yekumisikidza.
- Rigid-flex boards: Sanganisa dzakaomarara uye dzinochinjika nzvimbo pane imwechete PCB, layering inoshanduka uye yakaoma substrates.
- HDI mapuranga: High Density Interconnect mabhodhi anoshandisa multilayer kuvaka uye laser drilling tekinoroji yekubatanidza mukati.
- Package substrates: Yakananga kushandiswa kurongedza chip, kupa magetsi ekubatanidza, kudzivirira, kutsigirwa, kutonhora, uye kusangana.
Ne layer count:
- Mabhodhi ane divi rimwechete: Rutivi rumwe chete rune conductive mapatani.
- Mabhodhi ane mativi maviri: Mativi ese ane conductive mapatani.
- Multilayer board: Inoumbwa nealternating layers ye conductive mapatani uye insulating zvinhu.
Nenzvimbo yekushandisa: Yakakamurwa mukukurukurirana, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, komputa, mota dzemagetsi, mauto / aerospace, uye maindasitiri ekudzora mabhodhi.
Nechekupedzisira-chigadzirwa application: Mabhodhi enharembozha, mabhodhi eterevhizheni, mabhodhi emidziyo yokuteerera, mabhodhi ematoyi emagetsi, mabhodhi emakamera, uye mabhodhi eLED.
PCB Indasitiri Yekuvandudza Matanho
Indasitiri yePCB yepasi rose yapfuura nematanho akati wandei:
- Zvinodiwa kubva kumidziyo yemumba nemidziyo yekutaurirana (1980-1991): Kuwanda kwemidziyo yemumba nemagetsi ekutaurirana kwakakurudzira kukura kweindasitiri.
- Kupinda kwekombuta yedesktop uye kusimudzira indasitiri (1992-2000): Kusimuka kwemakomputa edesktop kwakawedzera kudiwa kwePCB, zvichikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji.
- Kukura kunokonzerwa nemafoni, malaptop, uye kukwidziridzwa kwekutaurirana (2001-2018): Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana uye kupararira kwemidziyo yakangwara kwakaramba kuchifambisa kudiwa kwePCB.
- Ikozvino kukura kutenderera: Iyo indasitiri iri kusangana nekukura kutsva kunotungamirwa ne5G yekutaurirana tekinoroji, njere dzemotokari uye magetsi, cloud computing, uye Internet yezvinhu.
Mafambiro Amangwana muPCB Indasitiri
- High density, miniaturization, uye hutete: Sezvo zvigadziriso zvemagetsi zvichienda kune zvidiki, zvakareruka dhizaini, PCB inofanirwa kusangana nekuwedzera density uye compactness zvinodiwa, kutyaira kufambira mberi mukugadzira tekinoroji.
- Kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza: Iyo indasitiri iri kushingaira kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kutora lead-isina uye halogen-isina zvinhu, uye kugadzira tekinoroji yekudzokorodza yePCB yakaraswa.
- Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva: Kubuda kwezvinhu zvitsva senge kabhoni nanotubes uye graphene kunopa mikana yekushanda kwepamusoro uye miniaturization muPCB.
- Akangwara uye akabatanidzwa madhizaini: Kuvandudzwa kweIoT neAI kunotyaira PCB yakanangana neakangwara uye akabatanidzwa madhizaini, senge smart sensor PCB inosanganisa masensa uye data data units.
- Kugadzirisa uye diki-batch kugadzirwa: Iko kuwedzera kwakasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hwemidziyo yemagetsi inoda kuchinjika uye inoshanda maitiro ekugadzira PCB.
Remangwana rePCB indasitiri yakabatana zvakanyanya nekufambira mberi kwemidziyo yemagetsi, nekukura kwakasimba kunotarisirwa. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzichiwedzera, iyo PCB indasitiri ichasangana nemikana yakawanda nematambudziko.
Matambudziko muHigh-Density PCB Development
- Chiratidzo chekuvimbika Kuwedzera kusimba kwemutsara kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa uye ruzha panguva yekufambisa kwemasaini, zvichikonzera nyaya dzakaita sekunonoka kwechiratidzo uye kukanganisa.
- Simba kuperera: Kugadzirisa kugovera kwemagetsi uye ruzha pane yakakwira-density PCB inopa matambudziko akakura mukugadzikana kwehurongwa hwese.
- Thermal management: Compact component gadziriro dzinoda nzira dzinoshanda dzekubvisa kupisa kudzivirira kupisa.
- Manufacturing process: Kunyanya kurongeka uye kudzora kwakasimba kunodiwa pakugadzira-density PCB kugadzira, kuwedzera kuoma uye mutengo.
- Mariro: Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye kuwanda kwechikamu kunowedzera, mitengo yekugadzira inokwira, zvichidikanwa nzira dzekudzikisa mutengo pasina kukanganisa kuita.
- Dhizaini yakaoma: Kugadzira yakakwira-density PCB inoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, uye kuchengetedza zvikwata zvekugadzira zvine hunyanzvi zvinonetsa.
Kufurira Zvinhu zvePCB Indasitiri Outlook
- Tekinoroji kufambira mberi: Kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka-shanduka mune tekinoroji kunopa mikana yePCB indasitiri sezvo kuoma kwemudziyo kunowedzera.
- Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dziri kubuda: Nzvimbo nyowani dzakadai seIoT, imba yakangwara, uye kugadzira kwakangwara kunoburitsa kukura kutsva kwePCB indasitiri.
- Zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvekuchengetedza: Kukwidziridzwa kwepasirese kutarisisa nezvenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza kuchaita kuti maindasitiri ePCB atevedzere mirau uye kugadzira zvimwe eco-hushamwari zvinhu uye maitiro.
- Makwikwi emusika: Pasinei nemikana yakawanda yemusika, kukwikwidza kwakanyanya kunoda kuti mafemu awedzere kunaka uye kuderedza mitengo.
Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, vagadziri vePCB nevagadziri vanofanirwa kuongorora matekinoroji matsva uye zvigadzirwa, kuvandudza huchokwadi hwekugadzira uye kuvimbika, kusimudzira kupisa uye kutonga kwesimba, kuderedza mitengo, uye kugadzirisa dhizaini yekufambisa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo indasitiri inofanirwa kutarisa mukusimudzira tarenda uye kuchinjanisa tekinoroji kukurudzira hunyanzvi uye kufambira mberi.
Pakazara, maonero ePCB indasitiri ane tarisiro. Nekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji, kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemidziyo yemagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kunosimudzira kudiwa kwePCB. Zvikuru, kuwanda kwe5G, IoT, uye AI kuchaunza mimwe mikana yekukura muindasitiri yePCB.
