Kana ukashandisa magadzirirwo epamusoro ebhodhi redunhu, unodzivirira mhangura iri pabhodhi rako kubva mukukuvadzwa nengura. Kugadzirwa kwakakodzera kwebhodhi kunoita kuti majoini esimbi arambe akasimba uye kunobatsira kuti bhodhi rako rigare rakanaka kwenguva yakareba. Kusarudza magadzirirwo akasiyana epurasitiki epurasitiki kunogona kuchinja mari yaunoshandisa kugadzira bhodhi uye kuti chigadzirwa chako chekupedzisira chinoshanda sei. Kugadzirwa kwakanaka kunoderedzawo zvikanganiso zvekubatanidza uye kunoita kuti zvinhu zvishande zviri nani, saka zvakakosha pabasa rega rega.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
- PCB pamusoro pekupedzisira inochengetedza mhangura kubva kune ngura uye kukuvadza. Vanobatsira kuita majoini ane solder akasimba uye mapuranga ekubatsira anogara kwenguva refu.
- Kutora iyo chaiyo yepamusoro pekupedzisira inoshandura kuti bhodhi inoshanda sei. Inoshandurawo kuti imarii uye inotora nguva yakareba sei. Funga nezvezvakatipoteredza uye kuti uchatengesa sei paunosarudza.
- Mapeji akasiyana seHASL, ENIG, uye OSP anoita mabasa akasiyana. Sarudza imwe inokodzera chirongwa chako uye saizi yezvikamu zvako.
- Kutaura nePCB nyanzvi dzekugadzira zvinogona kukubatsira kusarudza yakanakisa kupedza. Vanogona kupa mazano kune zvaunoda zvakakosha.
- Nguva dzose sarudza kupedzisa kunoenderana nemashandisiro auchaita bhodhi rako. Izvi zvinobatsira bhodhi rako kugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda zviri nani.
PCB Surface Inopedza Kuongorora
Chii chinonzi Circuit Board Surface Inopedza
Paunotarisa pcb, unoona mavanga anopenya. Mavanga aya anopenya anonzi mavanga epamusoro. Mavanga epamusoro anodzivirira mhangura iri pabhodhi rako. Anoshanda senhoo. Nhoo iyi inochengetedza mhangura kubva mumhepo nemvura. Inodzivirirawo mhangura kubva kumakemikari. Nhoo iyi inodzivisa mhangura kuti isaite ngura kana kukuvara. Mavanga epamusoro anobatsira solder kunamira pabhodhi. Kubatanidza ndiyo nzira yaunoisa zvikamu papcb. Kana mhangura isina kufukidzwa, solder hainamati zvakanaka. Mavanga epamusoro anoita kuti solder ibatane nezvikamu nebhodhi zviri nyore. Izvi zvinobatsira bhodhi rako kugara kwenguva refu.
Zano: Nguva dzose tarisa izvo pamusoro kupedzisa pcb yako ine usati watanga kuisa pamwe chete. Kupedzisa kwekurudyi kunoita kuti kutengesa kuve nyore uye kunobatsira bhodhi rako kuti rirambe rakasimba.
Sei Surface Inopedza Nyaya
Unofanira kusarudza puranga rakanakisisa repcb yako. Kupera kwaunosarudza kunochinja mashandiro ebhodhi rako uye kuti rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei. Mamwe mapuranga anodzivirira zviri nani kubva mumvura nekupisa. Mamwe mapuranga anoita kuti kusungirirwa kuve nyore, asi mamwe anogona kukonzera matambudziko. Unofanira kufunga nezvemativi akanaka neakaipa ekupedzisa kwega kwega. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mapuranga anodhura zvishoma asi angasagara kwenguva refu. Mamwe mapuranga anodhura zvakanyanya asi anodzivirira zviri nani.
Surface inopedzisa kuita semadziro pakati pemhangura nekunze. Vanomisa mhangura kuti irege kuita ngura uye vanochengeta bhodhi rakagadzirira kugadzirwa. Kupedzisa kwaunotora kunokanganisa kuti solder inonamira sei kumhangura. Good soldering inoreva kubatana kwakasimba uye matambudziko mashoma paunovaka bhodhi rako.
Heino tafura inoratidza kuti kupedzisa kwakasiyana kunokanganisa sei kuita uye kuvimbika:
| Factor | Impact paKuita uye Kuvimbika |
|---|---|
| Environmental Factors | Surface inopedza inodzivirira kubva mukunyorova, tembiricha, uye makemikari, ichichengeta bhodhi rako richishanda kwenguva yakareba. |
| unyoro | Hunyoro hwepamusoro hunogona kukonzera ngura; mamwe anopedza anoramba mwando zviri nani, kuchengetedza solderability uye kuvimbika kwakakwira. |
| Temperature Fluctuations | Kunyanya kupisa kunogona kutsemuka kana kuputsa kupera; yakanaka finishes inobata kupisa uye kutonhora pasina kukuvara. |
| Chemical Exposure | Mamwe anopedzisa anopokana nemakemikari, nepo mamwe anogona kupera simba, achirasikirwa nesimba rawo rekudzivirira. |
| Mechanical Stress | Kudengenyeka uye mabhampa anogona kukuvadza kupera; kupedzisa kwakasimba kunogara kwakachengeteka kunyange nekufamba. |
| Kuita kweMagetsi | Mapeji akasiyana anochinja mafambiro anoita masaini mukati mebhodhi, anokanganisa simba uye chiratidzo chemhando. |
Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve yakanaka uye yakaipa mativi ega ega kupera kwepamusoro usati wasarudza. Kutora kupedzisa kunobatsira pcb yako kushanda zvakanaka uye inogara kwenguva refu.
Mhando dzePCB Surface Inopedza
HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)
HASL chinhu chakajairika pcb pamusoro pekupedzisira. Iyo pcb inonyikwa mune yakanyungudutswa solder. Mhepo inopisa inoburitsa solder yakawedzerwa. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo inodzivirira mhangura. Inobatsirawo majoini e solder kugara akasimba.
Advantages:
- Mhangura inowana dziviriro yakanaka
- Zviri nyore kushandisa mukugadzira pcb
- Inodhura mari shoma
payakaipira:
- Surface inogona kunge ine bump uye kukonzera nyaya nezvikamu zvidiki
- Hazvina kunaka kune zvidiki, zviri pedyo-pamwe chete zvikamu
HASL Inotungamira-Yemahara (Inotungamira-Yemahara Inopisa Mhepo Solder Kuenzana)
Lead-free hasl yakafanana neHASL yenguva dzose asi haishandisi lead. Vanhu vanosarudza kupedzisa uku kutevedzera mitemo ine chekuita nenharaunda.
Advantages:
- Inotevera mitemo yeRoHS yemabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa
- Zvirinani kunyika
- Mari inodhura yakafanana neyenguva dzose HASL
payakaipira:
- Inoda kuwedzera kupisa, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza zvikamu
- Surface inogona kuramba isina kuenzana
Cherechedza: Kana uchida kutengesa pcb yako apo mitemo yakasimba, kutungamirira-isina hasl isarudzo yakangwara.
ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold)
ENIG zvinoreva electroless nickel kunyudza goridhe. Kupedzisa uku kunopa nzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka. Inomisa ngura uye inoshanda zvakanaka ne lead-isina solder.
Advantages:
- Flat surface inoita kuti gungano rive nyore
- Yakanakira solder uye inomisa ngura
- Hapana matambudziko nekufamba kwesirivha
payakaipira:
- Inodhura kupfuura HASL kana OSP
- Kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma mumafekitari epcb
ENEPIG (Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold)
ENEPIG inoisa palladium layer pakati penickel negoridhe. Vanhu vanoshandisa kupera uku kwepamusoro-kuita pcb pamusoro pekupedzisira.
Advantages:
- Inomisa ngura uye oxidation zvakanyanya
- Yakanakira kusungirira waya
- Inoshanda zvakanaka kune epamberi kushandiswa
payakaipira:
- Inodhura kupfuura ENIG
- Inoda mamwe matanho ekugadzira
Kunyudza Sirivha
Sirivha yekunyudza inopa nzvimbo yakati sandara uye inopenya. Iwe unozviona mukutsanya pcb magadzirirwo akaita se5G uye maturusi ekurapa.
Advantages:
- Yakanakira masaini mumaseketi anokurumidza
- Nzvimbo yakatsetseka yezvikamu zvidiki
- Zvakachipa kupfuura kupera kwegoridhe
payakaipira:
- Inogona kugomara mumhepo yakanyorova
- Inoda kungwarira kuchengetedza uye kubata
Kunyudza Tin
Tini rekunyudza rinovhara mhangura nerata rakatetepa. Kupedzisa uku kunoshandiswa kune nyore pcb kugadzira.
Advantages:
- Smooth surface iri nyore kutengesa
- Yakanakira zvidimbu zvidiki, zvakabatana
payakaipira:
- Haigari kwenguva refu pasherufu
- Inogona kukuvadzwa nemhepo uye tsvina
OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative)
OSP inoshandisa yakaonda organic layer kuchengetedza mhangura. Vanhu vanotora OSP kuchengetedza mari uye eco-hushamwari pcb pepamusoro pekupedzisira.
Advantages:
- Cheap uye nyore kushandisa
- Yakanakira nharaunda uye haina inotungamira
payakaipira:
- Haina kusimba sesimbi inopera
- Haigari kwenguva refu
Ndarama Yakaoma (Electrolytic Gold)
Goridhe rakasimba rinoshandisa gobvu regoridhe rakakora pakusapfeka kwakasimba. Iwe unoona kupedzisa uku pamucheto zvibatanidza uye keypads.
Advantages:
- Yakanyanya kuoma uye inogara kwenguva refu
- Inobata zvakawanda zvekushandisa uye kukwesha
payakaipira:
- Zvinodhura zvakawanda
- Hazvisi nyore kutengesa
Electrolytic Nickel Goridhe
Electrolytic nickel gold inopa goridhe rakatetepa kupfuura goridhe rakaomarara. Inoshandiswa ruzhinji pcb mabasa.
Advantages:
- Easy solder
- Zvakachipa kupfuura goridhe rakaomarara
payakaipira:
- Hazvina kuoma kune nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya
Carbon Ink
Ingi yekabhoni inogadzira nzvimbo inokwanisa kutakura magetsi ekushandisa zvakanyanya. Iwe unozviona mumakiyipadhi, masensa, uye bendy zvemagetsi.
Advantages:
- Chiedza uye chinogona kukotama
- Yakanakira maumbirwo etsika
payakaipira:
- Haina kusimba sesimbi inopera
- Inoshanda chete kune yakaderera simba
Plated Silver
Sirivha yakapfava inopa gobvu, rakachengeteka. Inoshandiswa kana iwe uchida kuyerera kwakanaka kwemagetsi uye kudzivirira ngura.
Advantages:
- Inomisa ngura zvakanyanya
- Zvakanaka kune zviratidzo zvemagetsi
payakaipira:
- Inodhura kupfuura sirivheri yekunyudza
- Inogona kupera kana isina kutarisirwa
Plated Tin
Marata akaputirwa anovhara mhangura nemarata akawanda kupfuura ekunyudza. Inoshandiswa nyore, yakachipa pcb kugadzira.
Advantages:
- Zvinodhura zvishoma
- Easy solder
payakaipira:
- Inogona kukura ndebvu
- Haina kusimba semamwe mapedzi
Peelable Solder Mask
Peelable solder mask inochengetedza dzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengeteka panguva yekushambadzira. Unoibvisa kana wapedza assembly.
Advantages:
- Inodzivirira zvikamu panguva ye wave soldering
- Zvakanaka kumapuranga ane zvikamu zvakasanganiswa
payakaipira:
- Inowedzera mamwe matanho ekugadzira pcb
- Kwete kupera kunogara nekusingaperi
Zano: Nguva dzose tora nzvimbo yekupedzisa inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvePCB kuti zvive zvakanaka.
Pedzisa Zvakanakira & Zvazvakaipira
HASL
HASL inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti haina kudhura zvakanyanya. Inoshanda pamabasa akawanda. Majoini e solder akasimba, asi pamusoro payo hapasi patete. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kushandisa nezvikamu zvidiki. HASL yakakodzera mabhodhi mazhinji asi kwete kune akazadzwa nevanhu.
| Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza | HASL | Inotungamira-Yemahara HASL |
|---|---|---|
| zvayakanakira | - | Hapana inotungamira, saka inoteedzera RoHS mitemo. -Kuigadzira inodhura zvishoma pane mamwe mapeji. |
| nezvayakaipira | - | Inoda kupisa kwakanyanya, kunosvika 260°C. -Nhebvu dzemarata dzinogona kukura nekukonzeresa masekete mapfupi kana mamwe e-marara. |
HASL Inotungamira-Yemahara
Lead-free hasl inosarudzwa nekuti inosangana nemitemo yeRoHS. Haishandise lead, saka yakachengeteka kune zvakasikwa. Ichiri yakachipa, asi iwe unoda kuwedzera kupisa kuti uishandise. Izvi zvinogona kukuvadza dzimwe nhengo. Ndebvu dzemarata dzinogonawo kukura nekukonzera zvikabudura.
ENIG
ENIG inoita kuti nzvimbo yacho ive yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka. Zviri nyore kuisanganisa uye yakavimbika zvikuru. ENIG inodhura kupfuura HASL asi iri nani kune zvikamu zvidiki. Rutivi rwegoridhe runoramba ruchibatanidza zvakanaka kunyangwe mushure menguva yakareba. ENIG inomisawo ngura uye inobatsira masaini.
| pamusoro Finish | Solderability | kuvimbika |
|---|---|---|
| ENIG | Excellent | High |
| HASL | Kugona | eresera |
ENEPIG
ENEPIG inowedzera palladium layer kuti iwedzere simba. Yakanakira mabhodhi epamusoro uye waya yekubatanidza. Asi inodhura zvakanyanya uye yakaoma kugadzira . ENEPIG inogona kudhura kusvika 30% kupfuura ENIG uye inoda matanho akawanda.
Kunyudza Sirivha
Sirivha yekunyudza inopa nzvimbo yakati sandara uye zviratidzo zvakanaka. Inodhura zvishoma pane kupera kwegoridhe. Asi munzvimbo dzakaoma, sirivha inogona kushatisa nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinokuvadza soldering kana iwe ukamirira kwenguva yakareba kuti ushandise bhodhi.
Kunyudza Tin
Immersion tin iri nyore kutengeswa uye yakanaka kune zvidimbu zvidiki. Inopa kupera kwakatsetseka uye yakachipa. Asi haigare kwenguva refu uye inogona kukuvadzwa nemhepo kana tsvina.
OSP
OSP yakachipa uye yakanakira nyika. Zviri nyore kutengesa kwenguva pfupi. Asi haigare kwenguva refu uye haina kusimba sekupera kwesimbi.
Ndarama Yakaoma
Ndarama yakaoma yakaoma zvikuru uye inogara kwenguva refu. Iwe unozviona pane edge connectors. Asi inodhura yakawanda uye yakaoma kutengesa kune dzakawanda zvikamu.
Electrolytic Nickel Goridhe
Electrolytic nickel gold ine goridhe rakatetepa. Zviri nyore kutengesa uye zvinodhura zvishoma pane goridhe rakaoma. Asi haina kusimba kune zvikamu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Carbon Ink
Carbon inki yakareruka uye inokotama zviri nyore. Inoshandiswa kune maumbirwo anokosha uye simba rakaderera. Asi haina kusimba zvakanyanya uye haigone kushandiswa kune simba repamusoro.
Plated Silver
Sirivha yakapfava inomisa ngura uye inobatsira masaini kufamba zvakanaka. Inodhura kupfuura sirivheri yekunyudza. Unofanira kuzvibata nemazvo kana kuti zvichagomara.
Plated Tin
Marata akaputirwa akachipa uye ari nyore kutengeswa. Inoshandiswa kumapuranga ari nyore. Asi ndebvu dzerata dzinogona kukura uye hadzina kusimba zvakanyanya.
Peelable Solder Mask
Peelable solder mask inochengetedza zvikamu zvakachengeteka panguva yegungano. Unoibvisa mushure mekutengesa. Asi inowedzera mamwe matanho uye haigari pabhodhi.
Zano: Nguva dzose tora nzvimbo yekupedzisa inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvePCB kuti zvive zvakanaka.
| pamusoro Finish | Mutengo pa Square Inch |
|---|---|
| Gold Finger Plating | $ 0.50 kuti $ 2.00 |
| ENIG | $ 0.30 kuti $ 0.60 |
| Kunyudza Sirivha | $ 0.20 kuti $ 0.40 |
| Palladium-Nickel (ENEPIG) | $ 0.40 kuti $ 0.80 |
Kusarudza Surface Pedzisa
Zvinhu Zvakakosha
Paunosarudza pamusoro pekugadzira pcb, unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda. Purojekiti yega yega yakasiyana uye ine zvaunoda. Unoda kuti mabhodhi ako edunhu akadhindwa ashande zvakanaka uye agare kwenguva refu. Heano mamwe emabasa makuru ekutarisa:
- Ikoko bhodhi rako richashandiswa, sekupisa, kunyorova, kana nzvimbo dzemakemikari.
- Ndeupi rudzi rwekutengesa rwauchashandisa, senge lead-isina hal kana yenguva dzose solder.
- Inguva yakareba sei yaunoda kuchengeta pcb yako uye kuti iwe uchaichengeta sei yakachengeteka.
- Kana bhodhi rako richida kubata mvura kana kupisa pasina matambudziko.
- Majoini e solder akasimba sei kana bhodhi rinopisa kana kutonhora.
- Kana bhodhi rako richida kutumira masaini nekukurumidza kana inoda kuve yakanyatsojeka.
- Kana iyo yekupedzisira ichishanda nenzira yako yekuisa bhodhi pamwe chete.
- Imarii yaungashandisa uye chii chaunowana pamutengo.
Zano: Nguva dzose sarudza kupedzisa kwepamusoro kunofanana uko pcb yako ichashandiswa.
PCB Application Inodiwa
Zvinoitwa nepcb yako zvinoshandura magumo aunofanira kusarudza. Mamwe magumo akanakira mamwe mabasa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa zvikamu zvidiki kana uchida hasl isina lead, unofanirwa kusarudza magumo anoshanda izvozvo. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti magumo ese anokodzera sei zvinodiwa zvakakosha :
| pamusoro Finish | Fine-Pitch Zvikamu | Lead-Free Compliance |
|---|---|---|
| ENIG | Excellent | Ehe |
| ENEPIG | Excellent | Ehe |
| Kunyudza Sirivha | Excellent | Ehe |
| HASL | murombo | Hongu (lead-free hasl) |
| OSP | eresera | Ehe |
| Kunyudza Tin | Excellent | Ehe |
Kana ukagadzira mabhodhi emota kana maturusi ekurapa, unoda mafinishi anogona kudzikamisa kupisa uye kumisa ngura. ENIG isarudzo yakanaka pamabasa ese ari maviri . Tini yekunyudza inoshanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinopisa. OSP haina kunaka kana bhodhi rako rikanyorova. Sirivha yekunyudza inoita majoini akasimba ekunyudza uye inochengetedza ngura.
Nguva Yokuona Nyanzvi
Unofanira kutaura pcb kugadzira nyanzvi pakutanga purojekiti yako. Ivo vanokubatsira iwe kutora yakanakisa yekumusoro kupera kune zvaunoda. Nyanzvi dzinoziva kuti ndezvipi zvinopedzisa zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kune yako bhodhi nzvimbo, ingani yaunoda, uye ndeipi mitemo yaunofanira kutevera. Ivo zvakare vanokubatsira iwe kudzivirira kukanganisa ne lead-isina hasl kana kumwe kupedzisa.
| Kuonekwa | Nei Zvichikosha |
|---|---|
| Early Consultation | Inobatsira iwe kutora kupedzisa kunoenderana nebasa rako rechokwadi pcb |
| Kushanda Nzvimbo | Ita shuwa kuti kupera kwako kunogona kubata kupisa, mvura, kana makemikari |
| Chigadzirwa Vhoriyamu | Inowana mutengo wakanakisa wekugadzira mashoma kana akawanda mabhodhi |
| Kuteerera Kwemitemo | Iva nechokwadi chokuti bhodhi rako rinotevera mitemo yose |
| Maitiro eGungano | Inotarisa kuti kupera kunoshanda nenzira yako yekuvaka |
Ongorora: Hapana imwe pamusoro pekupedzisira yakanakira yega yega pcb. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza zvichibva pane izvo purojekiti yako inoda uye kukumbira rubatsiro kana usina chokwadi.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezve PCB pamusoro pekupedzisira kuita sarudzo dzakanaka. Kupedzisa kwaunosarudza kunogona kuchinja mutengo uye kuti bhodhi rako rinotora nguva yakareba sei. Izvo zvinokanganisawo kuti bhodhi rako rinoshanda sei. Mabasa akasiyana anoshandisa kupera kwakasiyana kune zvavanoda:
| Surface Finish Type | Solderability | kuvimbika |
|---|---|---|
| HASL | Kugona | eresera |
| ENIG | Excellent | High |
| OSP | Kugona | eresera |
- HASL inoshandiswa mumotokari nokuti inoita majoini akasimba ekutengesa.
- ENIG inosarudzirwa ndege uye midziyo yekurapa sezvo inomisa ngura.
- Vane hunyanzvi PCB vagadziri vanokubatsira iwe kutora iyo yekupedzisira uye kutevera mitemo.
Zano: Gara taura nenyanzvi kuti PCB yako ishande zvakanyanya.
FAQ
Ndeipi inonyanya kuzivikanwa PCB pamusoro pekupedzisira?
Iwe kazhinji unoona HASL seyakajairika kupera. Inodhura zvishoma uye inoshanda kumapuranga akawanda. Unogona kuishandisa kune mapurojekiti akareruka uye makuru ekugadzira anomhanya.
Ini ndinosarudza sei iyo chaiyo yepamusoro pekupedzisira yePCB yangu?
Unofanira kutarisa basa rebhodhi rako, nharaunda, uye bhajeti rako. Bvunza nyanzvi kana uchinzwa kusaziva. Kupera kwakakodzera kunobatsira kuti bhodhi rako rigare kwenguva refu uye rishande zviri nani.
Iko kupera kwepamusoro kunokanganisa soldering here?
Ehe, kupedzisa kunoshandura kuti zviri nyore sei kusungirira . Kupedzisa kwakatsetseka seENIG kunokubatsira kusungirira zvikamu zvidiki. Kupedzisa kwakakombama seHASL kunogona kuita kuti kusungirira kuve kwakaoma kune zvikamu zvidiki.
Ini ndinogona kushandisa inotungamira inopera kune ese maPCB?
Iwe haufanirwe kushandisa inotungamira inopera kumabhodhi anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeRoHS. Mhedziso isina-lead yakachengeteka kune hutano uye nharaunda. Gara uchitarisa zvinodiwa neprojekti yako.
Ko PCB yepamusoro inopera kwenguva yakareba sei?
Iwe unowana akasiyana masherufu anorarama nekupedzisa kwega kwega. ENIG uye goridhe rakaoma rinogara kwenguva refu. OSP uye kunyudza tin haagari kwenguva refu. Chengetedza mapuranga ako munzvimbo yakaoma, yakachengetedzeka kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka.
