Ungabona ukuba uninzi lwee-pcb zinenani elifanayo leeleya. Abavelisi bakhetha inani elifanayo lokwenza, ukusebenza, kunye nezizathu ezihlala ixesha elide. Lo asingomthetho unzima, kodwa ngoku uqhelekile. Ii-pcb ezineeleya ezingaqhelekanga zikho, kodwa awuziboni kangako. Xa ujonga uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-pcb, uhlala ubona la manani eleya:
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Izixhobo ezintle ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa iileya ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-30, zihlala zinenani elilinganayo. Ezi ndlela zinceda iiprojekthi zakho ze-elektroniki zisebenze ngcono.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Ii-PCB ezineeleya ezilinganayo zihlala zilungelelene. Oku kunceda ukuyeka ukugoba kunye noxinzelelo xa uzenza. Ukukhetha iileya ezilinganayo kwenza ukwakha ii-PCB kukhawuleze. Kukwenza zibize kancinci. Uyilo olufanayo kumacala omabini lunceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngcono. Oku kuthetha ukuba imiqondiso ihamba kakuhle kwaye ingxolo incinci. Ii-PCB ezineeleya ezingaqhelekanga azisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kunzima ukuzenza kwaye zibiza imali eninzi. Ukuba ufuna ii-PCB eziqinileyo nezilungileyo, sebenzisa inani elilinganayo leeleya.
Ulungelelwaniso kwiiBhodi zeSekethe eziPrintiweyo ezineeLayer ezininzi
Inani Elilinganayo Leeleya kunye Nokulinganisela Izinto
Xa usenza iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezinee-multilayer, ufuna ukuba izixhobo zilingane. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanayo lee-layer kunceda ukugcina izinto zilingana. I-layer nganye ihambelana nenye i-layer kwelinye icala. Oku kwenza umfanekiso wesibuko ukusuka embindini webhodi. Ibhodi isasaza uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ukunqwanqwa okulinganayo kunceda ekuyekeni ukugoba kunye noxinzelelo. Ibhodi iyakhula kwaye inciphe ngokufanayo kumacala omabini.
Uyenza ibhodi ibe namandla ngakumbi xa ichasene nobushushu nokushukuma. Ibhodi iyakwazi ukumelana notshintsho kubushushu kunye nokuhamba ngcono.
Ufumana iziphumo ezizinzileyo xa usenza ibhodi. Uyilo olulinganayo luyakunceda ziphephe iimpazamo neengxaki.
Ukuba usebenzisa inani elingaqhelekanga leeleya, ulahlekelwa yibhalansi. Ibhodi isenokungakhuli ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke indawo. Usenokubona ingxaki xa usenza ibhodi. Uninzi lwabavelisi lukhetha inani elifanayo leeleya ngenxa yesi sizathu. Ufumana i-pcb eqinileyo nethembekileyo ngakumbi.
Icebiso: Soloko ubala iileya zakho xa ucwangcisa iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezineeleya ezininzi. I-stackup elinganisiweyo ikunika iziphumo ezingcono kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa.
Ukugoba kunye nozinzo lwesakhiwo
I-Warpage yingxaki enkulu kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezinee-multilayer. Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhodi iyagoba okanye iyajika endaweni yokuhlala ithe tyaba. Ufuna i-pcb yakho ihlale ithe tye kwaye yomelele. Ukulingana kuyanceda koku.
Uyilo olungalinganiyo lunokwenza ibhodi igobe, ijijeke, okanye ingalingani. Ezi ngxaki zenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa ibhodi kwaye zinokunciphisa indlela esebenza ngayo.
I-Warpage yenzeka xa ibhodi ingalingani. Uxinzelelo luyanda kwiindawo ezithile, kwaye ibhodi iyagoba.
Ukuseta okungalinganiyo kunokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwindawo enye. Oku kunokwenza ibhodi itshintshe imilo okanye iqhekeke.
Iileya ezineenombolo ezifanayo zinceda ibhodi ukuba ihlale ithe tyaba. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ezi bhodi zihlala zigoba ngaphantsi kwe-0.7%. Iibhodi ezineeleya ezingaqhelekanga, ingakumbi ezinkulu, zihlala zigoba ngaphezu kwe-0.7%. Oku kwenzeka kuba uxinzelelo alufani kumacala omabini.
Xa wenza i-pcb, ucinezela kwaye ufudumeze iileya kunye. Ukuba awuyilawuli le nyathelo, unokufumana iileya eziqhekekayo, izithuba ze-resin, okanye iileya ezingahambelaniyo. Ezi ngxaki zinokwenza ibhodi iqhekeke kwangethuba. Ukongeza iileya ezingaphezulu kwenza ezi zingozi zibe phezulu. Yiyo loo nto ukufunda nge-lamination kunye ne-symmetry kubaluleke kakhulu kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezineeleya ezininzi.
Phawula: Uyilo olulinganayo kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezineengqimba ezininzi lukunika amandla angcono kwaye lunceda iiprojekthi zakho zihlale ixesha elide.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweMveliso kwii-PCB
Imveliso Elungelelanisiweyo EneeLayers Ezilinganayo
Xa ukhetha iileya ezilinganayo ze-pcb yakho, wenza inkqubo yokuvelisa ibe lula kakhulu. Uphepha iingxaki ezininzi eziza namanani angaqhelekanga eeleya. Ii-pcb ezineeleya ezilinganayo zine- isakhiwo esinokulinganisela. Olu lungelelwano lukunceda ugcine ibhodi ithe tyaba kwaye yomelele ngexesha lokuvelisa. Awudingi amanyathelo oyilo akhethekileyo okanye umsebenzi owongezelelweyo ukulungisa iingxaki zokugoba. Ugcina ixesha kunye nomgudu.
Iipcb ezineengqimba ezifanayo zinciphisa umngcipheko wokugoba njengoko ibhodi isiya ityeba.
Ufumana ulawulo olungcono lomgangatho kunye nemveliso ekhawulezayo.
I-lamination elinganiselayo igcina i-pcb yakho yomelele kwaye ithintela ukugoba.
Uchitha imali encinci kuba uphepha amanyathelo ongezelelweyo kunye nokulungiswa.
Ukuba ukhetha i-pcb enamaleya ama-3, ujongene nemingeni emininzi. Udinga amalungiselelo oyilo akhethekileyo. La manyathelo athatha ixesha elingakumbi kwaye andisa umthwalo wakho womsebenzi. Ii-pcb ezinamaleya angaqhelekanga zihlala zigoba kuba uxinzelelo alufani kumacala omabini. Ungabona iindleko eziphezulu kunye neempazamo ezininzi. Xa usebenzisa i-pcb enamaleya ama-4, ufumana inkqubo egudileyo. Abavelisi banokwenza ezi bhodi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngeengxaki ezimbalwa.
Ii-pcb ezinee-layer ezininzi ezinee-layer ezifanayo zikunceda ugcine imveliso isebenza kakuhle. Awuchithi xesha ulungisa iimpazamo okanye ujongane neebhodi ezigobileyo. Ufumana imveliso ethembekileyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zakho.
Icebiso: Ukuba ufuna ukonga ixesha nemali, khetha iileya ezifanayo kuyilo lwakho lwe-pcb. Uza kubona iziphumo ezingcono kwaye iintloko zincinci.
Ukunciphisa Iimpazamo kunye noPhuculo lweZivuno
Ufuna i-pcb yakho isebenze kakuhle kwaye ihlale ixesha elide. Ii-pcb ezinee-layer ezifanayo zikunceda ufikelele kule njongo. Zinciphisa amathuba eempazamo ngexesha lokwenziwa. Ufumana isivuno esiphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba iibhodi ezilungileyo zininzi kwaye inkunkuma incinci.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela amazinga eempazamo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuthelekiswa ngayo phakathi koyilo lwe-even-layer kunye ne-odd-layer:
Uhlobo loyilo | Impembelelo yeZinga leMpazamo | UkuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo |
|---|---|---|
Umaleko olinganayo | Amaxabiso empazamo asezantsi | Ukusebenza okuphezulu |
Umaleko ongaqhelekanga | Amazinga aphezulu empazamo | Ukusebenza okuphantsi |
Xa usebenzisa i-pcb enamaleya amathathu, ubona iimpazamo ezininzi. Ibhodi isenokujika okanye ingaphumeleli ekuhlolweni komgangatho. Uchitha ixesha elininzi ulungisa iingxaki. Ii-pcb ezinamaleya angaqhelekanga zifuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, ezicothisa imveliso kwaye zonyuse iindleko. Ukwasebenzisa abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezininzi, nto leyo eyonakalisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho.
Ii-pcb ezineeleya ezininzi ezineeleya ezifanayo zibonelela ngokumelana okungcono kokuphazamiseka. I-foil yobhedu kunye ne-substrate zihlala kumgama ozinzileyo. Olu seto lunceda imiqondiso yakho ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingalibazisi kangako. Ufumana ibhodi esebenza ngcono kwaye ihlala ixesha elide.
Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula isivuno sakho kwaye unciphise iimpazamo, namathela kwiileya ezilinganayo kuyilo lwakho lwe-pcb. Uza kubona amabhodi athembekileyo ngakumbi kunye nabathengi abonwabileyo.
Phawula: Ukukhetha iileya ezifanayo kwi-pcbs zakho ezineeleya ezininzi kukunceda uphephe iimpazamo ezibizayo kwaye kugcine umgca wakho wemveliso usebenza kakuhle.
Umqondiso weMfezeko kunye nokuSebenza
Ukufikelela okulinganayo kwiSignali kuzo zonke iileya
Ufuna imiqondiso ihambe ngokulula kwi-pcb yakho enamaleko amaninzi. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanayo leeleya kwenza ibhodi ilingane. Oku kunceda umaleko ngamnye wesignali ufikelele emhlabeni nakwiiplani zamandla ngendlela efanayo. Awufumani iindlela zesignali ezingalinganiyo. I-stack-up ihlala ilingana, ngoko ke imiqondiso ihamba ngesantya esifanayo kumacala omabini.
Ukuhlanganiswa okulinganayo kwi-multilayer pcbs kukunika izinto ezininzi ezilungileyo:
Ugcina ubukhulu be-dielectric kunye nobhedu zisasazeke ngokufanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iileya zesignali zine ukuthintela okuzinzileyo, efunekayo kwiisignali ezikhawulezayo.
Uyanciphisa incoko eqhubekayo. Iiplani zomhlaba zihlala ecaleni kweeleya zesignali ngendlela elungeleleneyo. Oku kukhusela ileya nganye yesignali kwaye kugcina iisignali zicocekile.
Uyanciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Iimpawu zilandela indlela yokubuyela rhoqo, ngoko ke i-pcb yakho isebenza ngcono kwiindlela zoyilo ze-high-frequency.
Xa uyila i-pcb enamaleko amaninzi, ufuna ukuba isignali nganye ifike apho kufanele iye khona ngaphandle kokulahleka okanye ukulibaziseka. Ulwakhiwo olulinganayo lukunceda ukwenza oku. Ufumana ukusebenza okuhle kwaye iingxaki zesignali zimbalwa.
Icebiso: Soloko ujonga i-stack-up yakho ukuba ayilingani na. Ii-pcb ezine-balanced multilayer zinceda imiqondiso ukuba ihlale iqinile kwaye icacile.
Ukulawulwa kwe-Impedance kuYilo lwePCB
Ulawulo lwe-impedance lubalulekile kuyilo lwe-pcb olunezitezi ezininzi. Kufuneka ugcine i-impedance izinzile kuzo zonke iileya. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanayo leeleya kwenza oku kube lula. Ulwakhiwo luhlala lulungelelene, kwaye i-stack-up ixhasa ukuhamba kwesignali okuzinzileyo.
Nazi ezinye iingongoma eziphambili malunga ne-impedance kunye nokulahleka kwesiginali kwi-pcbs ezininzi:
Ububanzi betrace butshintsha i-single-end kunye ne-differential impedance. Kufuneka ulungise isithuba se-trace kunye nobukhulu be-substrate ukuze i-impedance ihlale izinzile.
Utshintsho olukhulu lwe-crosstalk coefficient ngesithuba se-trace space. Ukhetho oluhle loyilo lukunceda ukunciphisa i-crosstalk kunye nokulahleka kwesignali.
Umthamo we-electrostatic kwiintambo ezahlukeneyo uyehla kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo xa kuthelekiswa neenqwelomoya eziqinileyo. Oku kuchaphazela amanqanaba okuthetha ngokulandelelana kwi-pcb yakho.
Ukufakwa kwe-symmetrical stack kukuvumela ukuba ulawule i-impedance ngcono. Ugcina ubukhulu be-copper kunye ne-dielectric nakwiileya zonke. I-pcb yakho enamaleya amaninzi isebenza kakuhle kwiisignali zesantya esiphezulu kunye neesekethe ezinzima. Uphepha ukulahleka kwesignali kwaye ugcine ibhodi yakho isebenza kakuhle.
Phawula: Ukulawulwa kwe-impedance kwi-multilayer pcbs kukunceda wakhe izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqinileyo nezisebenza kakuhle.
Ii-PCB ezingaqhelekanga kunye nemingeni yazo
Imiba Yokuvelisa Ngee-Odd Layers
Ukuba usebenzisa ii-pcb zomaleko ezinamanani angaqhelekanga, ujongene neengxaki ezininzi. Kufuneka ulumke xa ulungelelanisa. Ukuba imingxunya kunye nee-vias azihambelani, i-pcb yakho inokungaphumeleli. Uyilo lwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enamanani angaqhelekanga lunokugoba okanye lujijeke. Ezi ngxaki zenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa ibhodi yakho.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa iingxaki eziphambili:
Mngeni | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Kufuneka ulungelelanise imingxunya kunye nee-vias ngokuchanekileyo. Iimpazamo zinokubangela iingxaki zokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokugoba. | |
Ixabiso elonyukileyo lokuFakela | Uchitha imali eninzi kwizinto zokwakha nasemsebenzini. Iileya ezingaphezulu zithetha iindleko eziphezulu. |
Ukulungiswa Okunzima | Ukuba ufumana iimpazamo ngaphakathi, awunakuzilungisa lula. Ukulungiswa phantse akunakwenzeka. |
Ii-pcb ezineenombolo ezingaqhelekanga nazo zineziphene ezingaphezulu. Udinga amanyathelo okubopha akhethekileyo. La manyathelo acothisa indlela onokwenza ngayo iibhodi ngokukhawuleza. Kunzima ukugcina ibhodi ithe tyaba, ingakumbi kwii-pcb ezinkulu. Usenokungahlangabezani nemithetho ye-IPC600 yokuba tyaba.
Phawula: Uyilo lwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enamaleya amaninzi angaqhelekanga lufuna amanyathelo ongezelelweyo. La manyathelo athatha ixesha elingakumbi kwaye abiza ngaphezulu.
Kutheni ii-PCB ezingaqhelekanga zinqabile
Awuboni ii-pcb ezinomgangatho ongaqhelekanga kwiimveliso ezininzi. Abavelisi bayayeka ukuzijonga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Uyilo olunomgangatho ongaqhelekanga lubiza kakhulu ukuzenza. Udinga amanyathelo akhethekileyo okugquma. La manyathelo anokubangela iimpazamo ezininzi kunye nokugoba. Ulahlekelwa nesantya sokudibanisa. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye namanyathelo acothisa ukwenza iibhodi.
Nantsi itheyibhile ethelekisa ii-pcbs ezine-odd-layer kunye ne-even-layer:
Uhlobo lwePCB | Iindleko zokuVelisa | Ukuntsonkotha koYilo | Rhoqo yoSetyenziso |
|---|---|---|---|
Umaleko ongaqhelekanga | Ebiza kakhulu | Eziyinkimbinkimbi | Ukunqaba rhoqo |
Umaleko olinganayo | Isebenza kakuhle emalini | Elula | Ngamaxesha amaninzi |
Uninzi lwabavelisi lufuna ukuhlanganiswa okulinganayo. Uyilo olulinganayo lunika amandla angcono kunye nokwenza kube lula. Iipcb ezinomgangatho ongaqhelekanga zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo. Izixhobo ezinxitywayo, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezinzwa zeemoto ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa uyilo lweebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezinomgangatho ongaqhelekanga. Ezi bhodi zifuna iimilo ezikhethekileyo okanye imida yobunzima.
Icebiso: Ukuba ufuna i-pcb enamandla, khetha i-stack-up elungeleleneyo enenani elilinganayo leeleya. Uya konga imali kwaye ufumane iziphumo ezingcono.
Kuya kufuneka ukhethe inani elifanayo leeleya zebhodi yakho yesekethe eprintiweyo. Oku kunceda ibhodi yakho ihlale ilungelelene kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Uninzi lwabavelisi bathi le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Iyayithintela ibhodi ekugobeni kwaye yonga imali ngokuphepha iimpazamo. Kukho ii-PCB ezinomgangatho ongaqhelekanga, kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuziyila. Awuziboni rhoqo. Xa ucwangcisa ibhodi yakho yesekethe elandelayo eprintiweyo, cinga ngeendawo kunye neemfuno zamandla. Kwakhona, cinga nangaluphi na utshintsho onokulufuna kamva. Soloko uzama ukwenza i-pcb yakho ibe namandla kwaye isebenze kakuhle ngalo lonke ixesha.
FAQ
Kutheni ungafane ubone ii-PCB ezingaqhelekanga?
Akufane ubone ii-PCB ezinomgangatho ongaqhelekanga kuba zigoba lula. Abavelisi bakufumanisa kunzima ukuzenza. Uhlawula ngaphezulu ngazo. Uninzi lweenkampani lukhetha umlinganiselo ofanayo ukuze luqine ngcono kwaye lube nexabiso eliphantsi.
Ungayisebenzisa inani elingaqhelekanga leeleya ukuba uyafuna?
Ungasebenzisa inani elingaqhelekanga leeleya, kodwa uza kujongana neengxaki ezingaphezulu. Ibhodi yakho isenokujika okanye ingaphumeleli kwiimvavanyo. Uninzi lweengcali zicebisa ukuba usebenzise ileya ezifanayo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono.
Yeyiphi inani eliqhelekileyo leeleya kwi-PCBs?
Uhlala ubona iileya ezi-2, ezi-4, ezi-6, okanye ezi-8 kwii-PCB. Iibhodi ezineeleya ezine kunye nezileya ezintandathu zithandwa kakhulu. Ukhetha inani ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesekethe yakho.
Ngaba iileya ezingaphezulu zithetha ukusebenza ngcono?
Iileya ezingaphezulu zinokunceda kwiisekethe ezintsonkothileyo. Ufumana ulawulo olungcono lwesignali kwaye ungaphazanyiswa kakhulu. Kufuneka wongeze iileya kuphela ukuba uyilo lwakho luyazifuna.
Ubala njani iileya zePCB?
Ubala umaleko ngamnye wobhedu kwi-PCB yakho. Umzekelo, i-PCB eneeleya ezine inamashiti obhedu amane. Ubandakanya zombini iileya zesignali kunye namandla kubalo lwakho.
