Kufuneka ulandele imithetho ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-PCB. Le mithetho ikunceda wenze iibhodi zesekethe ezisebenza kakuhle. Ikwanceda ukwakha iibhodi zakho lula. Ukuba ulandela le mithetho, ungaphepha iimpazamo ezininzi. Abayili abaninzi basebenzisa Imigangatho ye-IPC ukubanceda. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
umgangatho | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ithetha ngeendawo zoomatshini nezombane kuzo zonke ii-PCB designs. | |
IPC-6012 | Igxila kwindlela eziqinileyo nezilula ngayo ukwakha ii-PCB eziqinileyo. |
IPC-7351 | Inika iingcebiso malunga noyilo lwepateni yomhlaba kunye nendawo yokubeka iindawo. |
Sebenzisa le mithetho njengoluhlu lokuhlola. Ikunceda wenze ii-PCB ezingcono ngalo lonke ixesha.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Sebenzisa imigangatho ye-IPC ukuze uyilo lwe-PCB yakho lusebenze kakuhle kwaye luhambelane nemithetho. Misela umzobo wegridi kunye nebhodi ecacileyo ngaphambi kokuba ubeke iinxalenye phantsi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuhambisa umzila kulula kwaye ikunceda uphephe iimpazamo. Cwangcisa kakuhle izinto oziqokelele ukuze uncede imiqondiso ihlale iqinile kwaye ilawule ubushushu. Beka izinto ezibalulekileyo phantsi kuqala kwaye ugcine izinto ezifanayo zidibene. Oku kunciphisa ingxolo kwaye kwenza uvavanyo lube lula. Sebenzisa iilebheli kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo ukunceda ekuhlanganiseni nasekulungiseni iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
Imithetho ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-PCB
Xa uqala iprojekthi entsha ye-PCB, kufuneka ulandele ezinye imithetho esisiseko yoyilo lwe-PCBLe mithetho ikunceda ukuba uphephe iimpazamo kwaye yenze kube lula ukuyakha ibhodi yakho. Abayili abaninzi basebenzisa imigangatho ye-IPC ukukhokela umsebenzi wabo. Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa eminye yemigangatho ebaluleke kakhulu:
IPC Umgangatho | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
IPC-2221 | Imisela imithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB, kuquka izixhobo, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nomgangatho. |
IPC-2222 | Inika iinkcukacha zeebhodi ezine-voltage ephezulu, ezifana nokubeka isithuba kunye nokukhusela ubushushu. |
IPC-6012 | Igxile ekuthembekeni nasekusebenzeni kwePCB okuqinileyo. |
IPC-A-600 | Udwelisa izinto ezenza i-PCB yamkeleke emva kokwenziwa kwayo. |
IPC-7351 | Igubungela uyilo lwepateni yomhlaba kwiindawo zokuxhoma umphezulu. |
IPC-4101 | Ichaza ukuba zeziphi izinto onokuzisebenzisa kwi-PCBs. |
IPC-2615 | Uthetha ngokuguquguquka Uyilo lwesekethe kunye nemveliso. |
IPC-6013 | Inxulumene noyilo lwe-PCB olusebenza rhoqo. |
Kufuneka usebenzise le migangatho njengoluhlu lokuhlola. Ikunceda uqinisekise ukuba ibhodi yakho isebenza kakuhle kwaye iphumelele uhlolo.
Ukuseta igridi kunye nomzobo webhodi
Kufuneka ulungiselele igridi yakho ngaphambi kokuba ubeke naziphi na iindawo. Igridi ikunceda ulungelelanise izinto kunye neempawu. Uninzi lwesoftware yoyilo ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ubungakanani begridi. Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo yi-0.1 intshi okanye i-2.54 mm. Olu bungakanani luhambelana neendawo ezininzi ezisemgangathweni. Ukuba usebenzisa igridi elungileyo, ibhodi yakho iya kubonakala icocekile kwaye kube lula ukuyila.
Okulandelayo, kufuneka uzobe umzobo webhodi. Umzobo ubonisa imilo kunye nobukhulu bePCB yakho. Kufuneka wenze umzobo ucace kwaye ube lula. Ziphephe iimilo ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuba uzifuna kwiprojekthi yakho. Umzobo ocacileyo unceda umenzi ukuba asike ibhodi yakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ikwakunceda ukuba ufake ibhodi yakho kwisingxobo sayo.
Icebiso: Soloko ujonga umda webhodi neqela lakho leemekhenikhali okanye usebenzise i-3D viewer kwisoftware yakho yoyilo. Eli nyathelo likunceda ukuba ubambe iimpazamo kwangethuba.
Ukucwangciswa kwee-stack kunye nee-layer
Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise i-stack-up yakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukucwangcisa. I-stack-up yindlela yee-layers kwi-PCB yakho. Ukucwangcisa kakuhle i-stack-up kuyanceda uphawu lwemfezeko kunye nolawulo lobushushu. Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela i-stack-up echaphazela ngayo ibhodi yakho:
umba | Impembelelo kwiSignali yoBulungisa kunye noLawulo loBushushu |
|---|---|
Ulwakhiwo loMaleko | Ichaphazela umgangatho wesiginali kwaye inciphisa ukuphazamiseka |
Iindlela ze-Impedance eziLawulwayo | Igcina amasiginali ecocekile kwiindlela ezikhawulezayo |
Ulawulo lobushushu | Inceda ibhodi yakho ukuba iphathe ubushushu ngcono |
Xa uceba i-stack-up yakho, landela la manyathelo:
Gcina izinto zilungelelene. Eli nyathelo lithintela uxinzelelo ngexesha lokwenziwa.
Beka iiplani zomhlaba kufutshane neengqimba zesignali ezikhawulezayo. Olu seto lunika imiqondiso indlela ekhuselekileyo kwaye lunciphisa ingxolo.
Zibeke kwimigca ekhawulezayo kuqala. Zibeke kwimigca engaphandle okanye kufutshane neeplani zesalathiso.
Sebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ukujonga uyilo lwakho. Vavanya iiprototypes ukuze ufumane iingxaki ezifana ne-crosstalk kwangethuba.
Cinga ngemida yokwenziwa kwezinto. Ubukhulu bezinto kunye nobubanzi bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo bunokutshintsha ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezinto.
Ukubeka kakuhle i-stack-up kukwakunceda ukuba uphephe iingxaki eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukucwangcisa kakubi i-layer kunokubangela ukulahleka kwesignali okanye ukuqokelelana kobushushu. Ungazilungisa ezi ngxaki ngokusebenzisa iiplani zomhlaba oqinileyo kunye nokucwangcisa i-layer ngononophelo.
Izixhobo ezininzi zoyilo, ezifana ne-Altium Designer kunye ne-OrCAD, zikunceda ulandele le mithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB. Zijonga iimpazamo zakho zokuqokelela izinto ezifunekayo kwaye ziphawule ngaphambi kokuba uthumele ibhodi yakho efektri.
Phawula: Ukuba ulandela la manyathelo, ubeka isiseko esomeleleyo soyilo lwakho lonke. Ukuseta kakuhle igridi, ucwangciso lwebhodi, kunye nokucwangcisa i-stack-up kwenza yonke enye inyathelo ibe lula.
Ukubekwa kwecandelo
Ukubeka izinto ezibalulekileyo kuqala
Qala ngokubeka ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwi-PCB yakho. Ezi zizihlanganisi, iitships eziphambili, kunye nezixhobo zamandla. Beka izihlanganisi kufutshane nomphetho ukuze kube lula ukuzifikelela. Zama ukubeka itships ephambili embindini webhodi. Oku kukunceda ukuba ulandelele imiqondiso ngokulula. Okulandelayo, yongeza ezinye iindawo ezifana neeresistor kunye nee-capacitors kufutshane nezixhobo eziphambili.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa into omawuyicinge xa ubeka izinto ekufuneka zibe nazo:
Isibakala esibalulekileyo | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweCandelo | Gcina iisekethe ezine-VCC kunye ne-GND ezifanayo kunye. |
Iindidi zeMisebenzi | Beka iinxalenye ze-analog, zedijithali, kunye nezamandla kwiindawo zazo. |
Ulawulo lobushushu | Beka iindawo ezishushu ecaleni kwezinki zobushushu okanye iindawo ezivulekileyo. |
Qaphela & ngoku | Lumka ngezixhobo ze-voltage ephezulu kunye nezombane ophezulu. |
Umyalelo wokubekwa | Qala ngezihlanganisi, uze emva koko ngeetships eziphambili, uze emva koko nezinye iindawo. |
Ulawulo lweThermal | Sebenzisa ii-thermal vias uze uvumele umoya uphume ukuze uphole. |
Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokufundisa
Hlanganisa iindawo ngokwezinto abazenzayo. Umzekelo, gcina zonke iindawo ze-analog kunye. Gcina zonke iindawo zedijithali kunye. Oku kunciphisa ingxolo kwaye kwenza uvavanyo lube lula. Qinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezifanayo zijongana ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba zonke ii-resistor zikhomba kwicala elifanayo, ungazijonga ngokukhawuleza xa usakha.
Icebiso: Ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa icala elinye kwiindawo kunceda ukuhlanganisa nokuvavanya. Ukusebenzisa ii-interfaces eziqhelekileyo kunye nezibophelelo eziqinileyo kunciphisa iimpazamo xa kusakhiwa.
Isithuba kunye nokuveliswa
landela imithetho yokwahlukanisa izithuba ukuze ungabi nangxaki xa usenza ibhodi. Izikhokelo ze-IPC zithi udinga indawo phakathi kweendawo kunye nemingxuma yokubhoboza. Oku kuthintela iindawo ekuchukumiseni nasekubangeleni iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane. Umzekelo, gcina ubuncinane i-16 MIL phakathi kwemingxunya. Ukuba usebenzisa indawo encinci, kufuneka ulandele imithetho ekhethekileyo.
Shiya isithuba esaneleyo phakathi kweendawo zokutshixa nokujonga.
Beka imingxunya yokubhola kude neengcongolo nezinye iindawo.
Landela imithetho yokubeka izithuba kwiileya zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.
Xa ulandela le mithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB, kulula ukuyakha nokuyivavanya ibhodi yakho. Ukushiyana kweendawo ezifanelekileyo kunceda ibhodi yakho iphumelele ekuhlolweni komgangatho.
Imigaqo yomzila
Ububanzi kunye nokususwa kwetrace
Kufuneka ukhethe ububanzi bomkhondo kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yokukhupha ibhodi yakho. Ububanzi bomkhondo buchaphazela ukuba ingakanani i-trace enokuthwala umkhondo. Indawo yokukhupha isithuba phakathi kweendawo zokukhupha imiqondiso. Zombini zibalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Indawo encinci yokukhupha ixhomekeke kwi-voltage, isantya sesignali, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, iindawo zokukhupha i-voltage ephantsi zifuna ubuncinci i-0.1 mm (4 mils) phakathi kweendawo zokukhupha imiqondiso. Izixhobo zokuguqula umbane zifuna i-0.13 mm (5.1 mils). Iindawo zokukhupha i-voltage ephezulu zifuna ubuncinci i-1.5 mm (malunga ne-60 mils). Ukuba usebenza nezibonakaliso zesantya esiphezulu, gcina isithuba siphindwe kathathu ububanzi bomkhondo. Oku kunceda ukuthintela iingxaki ze-crosstalk kunye nesignali.
Ububanzi boMkhondo (mil) | eCetyisiweyo yangoku (A) |
|---|---|
6 | N / A |
10-12 | N / A |
Icebiso: Soloko ulandela imigangatho ye-IPC 2221 ukuze ufumane indawo encinci yokungena. Lungisa uyilo lwakho ukuba ulindele ukufuma okuphezulu okanye ezinye iimeko ezinzima.
Iindlela ezimfutshane, ezithe ngqo zendlela
Gcina imikhondo yakho imfutshane kwaye ithe ngqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Imikhondo emifutshane inceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlale iqinile. Imikhondo emide ingasebenza njengee-antenna kwaye ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). I-EMI inokonakalisa ukusebenza kwesekethe yakho. Iindlela ezimfutshane nezithe ngqo zikwanciphisa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwesiginali kunye nokubonakaliswa kwayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuyilo olukhawulezayo. Ufumana iziphumo ezingcono kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa xa ugcina imikhondo imfutshane.
Ukuphepha ukunqumla iminatha
Zama ukungavumeli iinethi zinqamleze omnye komnye. Iinethi ezinqamleze omnye komnye zinokwenza kube nzima ukujikeleza kwaye zinokukunyanzela ukuba usebenzise iileya okanye ii-vias ezingaphezulu. Ungakuphepha oku ngokucwangcisa indawo yakho ngononophelo. Beka iindawo ukuze iisignali ezinxulumene nazo zingadingi ukunqumla. Kwiziyilo zesignali ezixutyiweyo, gcina iitrakhi ze-analog nezedijithali zahlukene. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ingxolo kwaye kwenza kube lula ukujikeleza ibhodi yakho.
Nciphisa iminatha yokuwela ngexesha lokubekwa.
Sebenzisa indawo yokudala ukuze unciphise ukunqumlana kwenethi.
Gcina iindawo ze-analog nezedijithali zahlukile.
Ukulandela le mithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB kuya kukunceda wenze iibhodi ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye kulula ukuzakha.
Ulawulo lwamandla nomhlaba
Uyilo lwendiza yamandla
Kufuneka ucwangcise kakuhle iiplani zakho zamandla ukuze ibhodi yakho isebenze kakuhle. Uyilo oluhle lweplani yamandla luthintela ukwehla kwevolthi nengxolo. Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza uyilo lwakho lube ngcono:
Strategy | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ukuphucula ububanzi beTrace kunye nobukhulu beCopper | Khetha imikhondo ebanzi kunye nobhedu oluqinileyo. Oku kunciphisa ukumelana kwaye kugcina umbane ungaguquguquki. |
Umgaqo wokusondela | Beka umbane kunye nomhlaba ecaleni kwenye. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ingxolo kwaye kulawula i-EMI. |
Faka ii-Bulk Capacitors | Yongeza ii-capacitor ezinkulu ukuze ugcine i-voltage izinzile kwaye unciphise ingxolo yamandla. |
Icebiso: Sebenzisa umaleko omncinci phakathi kwamandla kunye neeplani zomhlaba. Oku kwenza ukuba iplani ibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye kunceda ekuhlukaniseni.
Iindlela zokuziqhelanisa nenqwelomoya emhlabeni
Iplani yomhlaba eqinileyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-PCB enamandla. Inika imisinga yokubuyela indlela enokumelana okuphantsi. Oku kunciphisa ingxolo kwaye kugcina imiqondiso icocekile.
Yenza iplani yakho yomhlaba ibe yinto enye. Musa ukuyiqhekeza.
Sebenzisa ii-vias zokuthunga ukuze udibanise iiplani zomhlaba xa imiqondiso ihamba phakathi kweeleya.
Gcina iindawo ezijikelezayo zincinci ukuze unciphise i-EMI kwaye uvale ingxolo yangaphandle.
Cinga ngesignali nganye kunye nendlela yayo yokubuya njengeluphu evaliweyo.
Indawo elungileyo emhlabeni inceda ibhodi yakho ukuba iphumelele kuvavanyo lwe-EMI kwaye igcina imiqondiso iqinile.
Ukuqhawulwa kwamagunya
Ii-capacitor ezidibanisayo zinceda ekukhuseleni isekethe yakho kwii-voltage spikes nengxolo. Kufuneka wenze ezi zinto ukuze uzibeke kakuhle:
Nika ireli nganye yamandla ii-capacitor zayo zokuqhawula.
Sebenzisa ii-via ezingaphezu kwesinye ukuqhagamshela ii-capacitor kumbane nakwiiplani zomhlaba.
Beka ii-capacitors kufutshane neplani yamandla ngee-vias ezimfutshane.
Qhagamshela iphini yecandelo kwi-capacitor kuqala, uze uye kwi-via.
Sebenzisa ii-resistor ezihambelanayo ezinee-capacitors ukuze uhluze ingxolo ephezulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, faka ii-capacitors kulandelelwano olune-I/O traces ukuvimba i-DC.
Xa iitships zedijithali zitshintsha, zifuna ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza komsinga. Amaxesha okunyuka amafutshane athetha umsinga ophezulu. Kufuneka ugcine i-impedance iphantsi ukuze ibhodi yakho ikwazi ukunika lo msinga ngokukhawuleza. Le ngomnye wemithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB ebaluleke kakhulu kwiisekethe ezizinzileyo.
Ingqibelelo yomqondiso
Izikhokelo zoyilo olukhawulezayo
Udinga ukugcina imiqondiso ikhuselekile kwiisekethe zesantya esiphezulu. Ukuthembeka kwesignali kunceda ibhodi yakho isebenze kakuhle. Nazi ezinye iindlela ekufuneka uzilandele:
Ukuthintela umkhondo we-trace kumthombo kunye nomthwalo. Oku kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesignali.
Sebenzisa i-impedance elawulwayo kwiindlela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kugcina imiqondiso izinzile.
Yenza imikhondo ibe mifutshane ukuze unciphise ukulibaziseka nengxolo.
Musa ukusebenzisa iikona ezibukhali. Sebenzisa iigophe ezigudileyo kwiindlela ezilandelelanayo.
Gcina ububanzi be-trace bufana. Oku kunceda ukugcina i-impedance izinzile.
Isithuba siyahlukana ukuze kuthintelwe intetho engqubanayo.
Sebenzisa i-differential pair routing kwiisignali ezizifunayo.
Beka iindiza zomhlaba nezamandla phantsi kweendlela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
Gcina indlela yokubuya imfutshane kwaye iqonde ngqo kwiimpawu.
Icebiso: Beka ii-capacitor ezidibanisayo kufutshane nee-power pin. Sebenzisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo ukuthintela iintlobo ezininzi zengxolo.
I-impedance elawulwayo
Ufumana i-impedance elawulwayo ngokuthelekisa izinto zebhodi ezinobukhulu be-trace kunye nendawo. Oku kugcina i-impedance yesignali kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Uninzi lwe-PCB traces lufuna i-impedance ephakathi kwe-25 kunye ne-125 ohms. Zama ukugcina ukunyamezelana ngaphakathi kwe-plus okanye minus 10%. I-impedance ezinzileyo iyayimisa i-reflection kwaye igcina imiqondiso icocekile. Soloko ujonga uyilo lwakho nomenzi wakho ukuze uhlangabezane nala maxabiso.
Ukunciphisa i-EMI kunye nokuthetha ngokunqamlezayo
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kunye nokuthetha nge-crosstalk kunokubangela iingxaki kwisekethe yakho. i-EMI esezantsi ngokwenza iindawo ezijikelezayo zibe ncinci. Dlulisa imikhondo yesantya esiphezulu kufutshane neendlela zayo zokubuya. Musa ukwahlulahlula imiqolo yomhlaba. Sebenzisa ii-vias ngononophelo ukuze ugcine i-inductance iphantsi.
Unako noku:
Sebenzisa iiplani zomhlaba ukunika umsinga indlela ekhuselekileyo kwaye wenze indawo ejikelezayo ibe ncinci.
Isignali yesithuba ilandelelana ukuya kwingxoxo esezantsi.
Sebenzisa ii-differential pairs kwizibonakaliso zesantya esiphezulu ukuze urhoxise ingxolo.
Beka ii-capacitor ezidibanisayo kufutshane neepini zombane ze-IC.
Yongeza izikhuselo, njengezigqubuthelo zesinyithi, ukuvimba i-EMI.
Ukuba ulandela le mithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB, iimpawu zakho ziya kuhlala ziqinile kwaye ibhodi yakho iya kuthenjwa.
Ukuleyibhile kunye namaxwebhu
Ubungakanani befonti ukuze ifundeke lula
Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu uyakwazi ukufunda umbhalo kwi-PCB yakho. Ukubhala iilebheli kakuhle kukunceda wena nabanye bafumane iindawo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba usebenzisa ubungakanani befonti obuchanekileyo, uyaphepha iimpazamo ngexesha lokuhlanganisa nokulungisa. Imigangatho ye-IPC inika imithetho ecacileyo yombhalo we-silkscreen. Kufuneka ulandele le milinganiselo:
Uhlobo lobungakanani befonti | Imilinganiselo |
|---|---|
Ubude befonti obuphantsi | 0.040 intshi (40 mils) |
Ububanzi obuncinci beStroke | 0.006 intshi (6 mils) |
Ukuphakama kwefonti okufanelekileyo ukuze kubonakale kakhulu | 0.050 ukuya 0.060 intshi (1.27 to 1.524 mm) |
Ukuphakama kwefonti okuphezulu | Kuphephe ukudlula i-0.080 intshi (2.032 mm) ngaphandle kokuba indawo iyavuma |
Ukuba usebenzisa ukuphakama kwefonti phakathi kwe-0.050 kunye ne-0.060 intshi, wenza iilebheli zakho zibonakale lula. Zama ukungasebenzisi iifonti ezincinci kune-0.040 intshi. Umbhalo omncinci unokufiphala okanye ufiphale ngexesha lokwenziwa. Umbhalo omkhulu unokuthatha indawo eninzi kwaye ugqume ii-pad ezibalulekileyo. Kufuneka ugcine ububanzi be-stroke ubuncinane buyi-0.006 intshi. Oku kugcina oonobumba becacile kwaye bebukhali.
Icebiso: Soloko ujonga i-silkscreen yakho kwi-preview yesoftware yoyilo. Oku kukunceda ubone umbhalo omncinci kakhulu okanye osondele kakhulu kwezinye iimpawu.
Susa iilebheli zezixhobo
Iilebhile ezicacileyo zikunceda wakhe kwaye ulungise ibhodi yakho ngokukhawuleza. Xa usebenzisa iimaki zesikrini sesilika ezilungileyo, ungafumana iindawo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lovavanyo. Ukwanciphisa amathuba okwenza iimpazamo xa udibanisa ibhodi. Nantsi indlela iilebhile ezicacileyo eziwuphucula ngayo umsebenzi wakho:
Inkcazo yobungqina | Impembelelo kuMsebenzi |
|---|---|
Iimpawu zesikrini sesilika ezicacileyo zivumela indawo ekhawulezileyo yezinto ngexesha lokulungisa iimpazamo. | Igcina iiyure ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwempazamo. |
Uyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwesikrini sesilika lunciphisa ukutolikwa gwenxa kwemiyalelo yokuhlanganisa. | Iqinisekisa ukuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo koyilo. |
Ukulandela izikhokelo kunokunciphisa iimpazamo zokuhlanganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. | Ingakumbi xa kuhlanganiswa ngesandla. |
Ukubekwa kweelebheli ngendlela eyiyo kunceda ekuchongeni ngokukhawuleza iibhodi ezinoxinano olukhulu. | Iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokukhawuleza. |
Ukongezwa okulula kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlanganisa ngesandla nge-15-20%. | Inciphisa amathuba okuba iimpazamo zifune ukulungiswa ngokutsha. |
Kufuneka ubeke iileyibhile ecaleni kweendawo zazo, kungekhona phantsi kwazo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuzibona emva kokuhlanganiswa. Sebenzisa amagama amafutshane nacacileyo afana no-R1, C2, okanye u-U3. Ukuba ulandela le mithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB, wenza ibhodi yakho ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyilungisa. Amaxwebhu amahle anceda nabanye ukuba baqonde uyilo lwakho.
Ukuhlolwa kwemithetho yoyilo kunye nokulungiselela imveliso
Ukuseta iiparameter ze-DRC
Kuya kufuneka usete eyakho Ukujonga uMthetho woYilo (DRC) iiparameters ngaphambi kokuba wenze ibhodi yakho. Iiparameter ze-DRC bakunceda ufumane iimpazamo kwangethuba. Baqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho lulandela imithetho kunye neemfuno zomenzi wakho. Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ezona parameters zibalulekileyo ze-DRC kunye nesizathu sokuba zibalulekile:
Ipharamitha ye-DRC | inkcazelo | ukubaluleka | Isikhokelo |
|---|---|---|---|
Imithetho yokuSusa | Isithuba esincinci phakathi kwee-traces, ii-pads, kunye ne-copper purs. | Iingxaki zeeshothi zokumisa kunye nezimpawu. | Sebenzisa i-IPC-2221 okanye ubuncinci bomenzi (njenge-4 mil kwii-PCB eziqhelekileyo). |
Imithetho yoBubanzi boMkhondo | Ububanzi obuncinci obuvumelekileyo bokulandela umkhondo. | Ithintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye igcina imiqondiso iqinile. | Sebenzisa iitshathi ze-IPC-2152 ukukhetha ububanzi obufanelekileyo bombane wakho. |
Imithetho ye-Via kunye ne-Drill | Ubungakanani bokubhola obuncinci kunye nendawo ephakathi kwee-vias. | Igcina unxibelelwano luqinile kwaye kulula ukulwenza. | Iidrill ezisemgangathweni zimalunga ne-0.3 mm ubuncinane. |
Ubungakanani bePad kunye neRingi eNgqunyiweyo | Isangqa sobhedu esijikeleze umngxuma ogqojoziweyo. | Yenza iileyiti zezixhobo zibe namandla ngakumbi. | Gcina ubuncinane i-annular ring eyi-4–5 mil. |
Imithetho yeMask yeSolder | Isithuba esijikeleze iipads kunye neentsalela kwimaski yesolder. | Izitishi zokutshixa iibhulorho kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane. | Ubuncinane be-sliver zemaski kufuneka zibe yi-4 mil okanye ngaphezulu. |
Imithetho yokubekwa kweCandelo | Isithuba phakathi kwamacandelo kunye nemiphetho yebhodi. | Iphepha iingxaki zoomatshini kwaye inceda ekutshiseni. | Gcina iindawo ezinde kude nezihlanganisi; sebenzisa ubuncinci indawo evulekileyo yomphetho we-40 mil. |
Ukususwa kweVoltage ephezulu kunye nokuqhekeka | Indawo yoyilo olusebenzisa amandla aphezulu ombane. | Iyayeka ukujika kwaye ithobela imithetho yokhuseleko. | Landela i-IEC 60950-1 malunga nemigama egosogoso. |
Imithetho yeMbini yoKwahluka | I-routing ehambelanayo kwiimbini ezifana ne-USB okanye i-HDMI. | Igcina imiqondiso icocekile kwaye yehlisa ingxolo. | Ubude bomdlalo buphakathi kwe-5–10 mil kunye ne-control impedance. |
Imithetho yokuHlanganisa ubude kunye nexesha | Uqinisekisa ukuba imiqondiso iyafika kunye. | Imisa iimpazamo zexesha. | Sebenzisa indlela yenyoka ukuze uhambelane nobude bemikhondo. |
Uncedo lobushushu kunye nebhalansi yekopolo | Inceda ubushushu buhambe kwaye igcina ubhedu lulingana. | Iyayeka ukugoba kwaye inceda ekutshiseni. | Sebenzisa ii-thermal relief pads uze ulinganisele ukuthululwa kwe-copper. |
Ukuseta ezi parameters kukunceda uphephe iimpazamo ezibizayo. Kukwenza kube lula ukwakha ibhodi yakho.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhelekileyo lwe-DRC
Usenokubona ukwaphulwa kwemithetho eqhelekileyo ye-DRC xa ujonga uyilo lwakho. Ezi ngxaki zingenza ibhodi yakho ingasebenzi okanye kube nzima ukuyakha. Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ukwaphulwa kwemithetho rhoqo kunye nendlela yokukulungisa:
Ulwaphulo-mthetho Oluqhelekileyo | inkcazelo | Isisombululo se-DRC |
|---|---|---|
Ukususwa kweMkhondo okwaneleyo | Imigca isondele kakhulu kwaye isenokubonakala imfutshane. | Misela imithetho efanelekileyo yokukhupha amanzi ngokusekelwe kwi-voltage. |
Ububanzi boMkhondo obungalunganga | Iintsalela zincinci kakhulu okanye zijiyile kakhulu. | Chaza imithetho yobubanzi bomkhondo wombane ochanekileyo. |
IiVias ezingalungelelananga kakuhle okanye ezingalinganiyo kakuhle | IiVias zincinci kakhulu okanye azifakwanga kumgca. | Misela imithetho yobungakanani kunye nesithuba. |
Ukususwa kweMask yeSolder engonelanga | Akukho sithuba saneleyo kwimaski yesolder. | Chaza indlela yokususa imaski yesolder ukuze kumiswe iibhulorho zesolder. |
Iingxaki zoBucala beBhodi yoMda | Ubhedu lusondele kakhulu kumphetho. | Qinisekisa imithetho yokususa umngcipheko. |
Ukwaphulwa koBulungisa beSignali | Imiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu ayihambi kakuhle. | Sebenzisa imithetho yee-differential pairs kunye nolawulo lwe-impedance. |
Izixhobo ze-DRC ezizenzekelayo zikunceda ufumane ezi mpazamo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuzilungisa kwangethuba kwenza ukwakha kube lula kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka.
Ukuvelisa iifayile zokuvelisa
Emva kokuba uphumelele zonke iitshekhi ze-DRC, kufuneka ufumane iifayile ezilungele ukwenziwaUninzi lwabenzi be-PCB bafuna ezi ntlobo zeefayile:
Iifayile zeGerber: Bonisa umaleko ngamnye wePCB yakho.
I-ODB++: Idibanisa yonke idatha yokwenza ibhodi yakho.
Ibhili yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (BOM): Idwelisa yonke into ebhodini yakho.
Ifayile yeCentroid (Khetha-kwaye-Ubeke): Ibonisa apho inxalenye nganye iya khona kunye nokujikeleza kwayo.
I-IPC-2581: Ipakisha yonke idatha yokwenziwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwifayile enye.
Soloko ujonga iifayile zakho phambi kokuba uzithumele. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuqinisekisa uyilo kunye neendlela zokuhlola eziphambili ezifana novavanyo lwe-AOI okanye i-X-ray ukuze ufumane naziphi na iimpazamo zokugqibela.
Ufanele ulandele la manyathelo ukuze ibhodi yakho ilungele imveliso:
Thumela uyilo lwePCB yakho ngaphandle usebenzisa imithetho yomenzi wakho.
Sebenzisa ii-DRCs ezenzekelayo ukujonga iimpazamo.
Yenza uhlolo lwemithetho yombane (ii-ERC) ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintambo zonxibelelwano ziyasebenza.
Qinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho luyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi.
Ulawulo lwemeko Kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenziweni kwePCB. Ukujonga ngononophelo kunye neefayile ezilungileyo kukunceda wenze iibhodi ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye ziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo. Ukulandela imithetho yoyilo lwePCB kwinqanaba ngalinye kwenza ukwakha nokusebenzisa ibhodi yakho kube lula.
Xa usebenzisa imithetho yoyilo lwe-PCB, iibhodi zakho zikhuselekile. Kulula ukuzakha. Wenza iimpazamo ezimbalwa kwaye wonge imali. Izixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo zikunceda ufumane iingxaki kwangethuba. Ukucwangcisa kakuhle kuthetha ukuba awuyichithi imali ulungisa iimpazamo.
umba | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
into yokuZenzekelayo | Isoftware ijonga ukuba uyilo lwakho luyayilandela na imithetho. |
Ukuhlolwa Kwangethuba | Ubona iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba wenze ibhodi. |
Ukonga iindleko | Awuchithi mali eyongezelelweyo ulungisa iimpazamo. |
Ukukhetha izinto ezilungileyo kunceda iibhodi zakho zihlale ixesha elide. Ukuceba ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kuzenza zomelele. Iibhodi zakho zisebenza ngcono kwaye aziqhekeki rhoqo. Qhubeka ufunda iindlela ezintsha zokuyila. Oku kukunceda wenze iibhodi ezingcono nangakumbi.
FAQ
Ngowuphi umthetho obaluleke kakhulu woyilo lwe-PCB?
Kufuneka uhlale unendawo eyaneleyo phakathi kwee-traces kunye nee-pad. Lo mthetho ukukunceda uphephe ii-short circuits kwaye wenza ibhodi yakho ikhuseleke. Umgama olungileyo ukwanceda ibhodi yakho ukuba iphumelele ekuhlolweni.
Ukhetha njani ububanzi obufanelekileyo bokulandelela?
Kufuneka ujonge ukuba ingakanani i-current yakho eza kuthwala i-trace yakho. Sebenzisa iitshathi ze-IPC-2152 okanye ii-calculator ezikwi-intanethi. I-traces ezibanzi zithwala i-current engaphezulu kwaye zihlala zipholile.
Kutheni ufuna inqwelo-moya yasemhlabeni?
Inqwelo-moya esemhlabeni inika imiqondiso indlela ekhuselekileyo. Inciphisa ingxolo kwaye igcina ibhodi yakho izinzile. Kwakhona yenza ibhodi yakho iphumelele uvavanyo lwe-EMI ngokulula.
Zeziphi iifayile ozithumela kumvelisi we-PCB?
Uthumela ezi fayile:
UMthetho oYilwayo wezinto (BOM)
Ifayile yokukhetha nokubeka
Soloko ujonga kumenzi wakho malunga neemfuno zeefayile zakhe.
