Xa ujonge IPC Class 2 kunye Class 3 PCBs, imithetho umgangatho yahlukile. IiPCB zeClass 2 zivumela iimpazamo ezincinci. Umzekelo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5% yemingxuma inokuba ingenanto. Iindawo ezikumphezulu zinokuba mfutshane ukusuka kwiphedi ukuba isasebenza kakuhle. Kodwa iiPCB zeKlasi 3 kufuneka zigqibelele. Iileya zobhedu kwiKlasi 3 azinakuba naziphi na izikhewu. Kwakhona, imingxunya ephuma emngxunyeni kufuneka igcwalise ubuncinane i-75% yomngxuma. Le mithetho engqongqo yenza iKlasi yesi-3 ibe ntle kwiinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nendawo kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Udidi lwesi-2 lungcono kwi-elektroniki yemihla ngemihla. Ukukhetha iklasi elungileyo iqinisekisa ukuba PCB yakho isebenza njengoko kufuneka.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
IPC Class 2 PCBs ingaba neempazamo ezincinci. Basebenza kakuhle kwizinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana nezixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo zeofisi.
IPC Class 3 PCBs kufuneka igqibelele. Zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezixhobo zasemkhathini, oomatshini bezonyango, kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi.
Ukuchola iklasi PCB elungileyo konga imali kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba isebenza kakuhle iimfuno iprojekthi yakho.
Ukwazi imithetho ye-IPC kukunceda ukhethe eyona PCB, nokuba yeyagajethi ezilula okanye kumashishini aphambili.
Utshintsho olutsha kwi-IPC 6012 Revision F yenza iiPCB zomelele. Bagxininisa kubunzima kunye nokugqiba umphezulu ukuphucula indlela abasebenza ngayo.
Isishwankathelo seeKlasi ze-IPC
Iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCB) adityaniswe ngokweeklasi ze-IPC. Ezi klasi zixhomekeke kwindlela eziqhuba kakuhle ngayo kwaye zithembeke kangakanani. Iiklasi ezintathu-iKlasi 1, iKlasi 2, kunye neKlasi yesi-3-inceda ukugqiba imigangatho efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo. Iklasi nganye ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza zilungele amashishini athile.
Iimpawu ze-IPC Udidi 2
IPC Udidi 2 PCB zenzelwe iimveliso ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle ixesha elide. Ezi bhodi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-electronics yemihla ngemihla njengekhaya kunye nezixhobo zeofisi. Iziphene ezincinci, njengeempazamo ezincinci ze-solder, zilungile ukuba ibhodi isasebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-IPC Udidi 2 ziquka:
ukuhlala ixesha elide: Ezi bhodi zivavanywa ukuphatha ubushushu kunye nokugoba.
ImiGangatho yokuHlola: Uvavanyo lujolise kwindlela esebenza ngayo ibhodi, hayi indlela ekhangeleka ngayo.
voco: Iibhodi zeClass 2 zivumela iimpazamo ezincinci zokuyila, zibenze zingabizi ukuvelisa.
Umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwe-IPC Class 2 kwizixhobo zombane okanye izixhobo zeofisi, apho ukusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile kodwa imfezeko ingafuneki.
Iimpawu ze-IPC Udidi 3
IPC Udidi 3 PCB zenzelwe imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu apho ukusilela kungenakwenzeka. Ezi bhodi zilandela imithetho engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zithembeke kakhulu kwaye zomelele. Amashishini afana nendawo, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neenkqubo zomkhosi zixhomekeke kwiibhodi zeClass 3.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-IPC Udidi 3 ziquka:
Imigangatho engqongqo: Akukho ziphoso zivunyelwe, kwaye iileya zobhedu kufuneka zigqibelele.
Ukuthembeka okuphuculweyo: Ezi bhodi zihamba kwiimvavanyo ezinzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala ixesha elide.
Uveliso oluchanekileyo: Iibhodi ze-Class 3 zifuna ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu.
Umzekelo, ibhodi yeKlasi 3 kwisiphekepheke kufuneka isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo iminyaka kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ukwazi iimpawu zeklasi nganye kukunceda ukhethe okulungileyo PCB. Unokulinganisa iindleko, ukusebenza, kunye nokuthembeka kweprojekthi yakho.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili kwiMigangatho ye-IPC yoKlasi 2 kunye neKlasi yesi-3 yePCB
Imithetho yoyilo kunye neeMfuno zeRingi yoNyaka
Imithetho yoyilo ye-IPC Class 2 kunye neClass 3 yahluke kakhulu. I-IPC Class 2 isebenzisa imithetho elula, iyenza ilungile kwi-electronics yemihla ngemihla. IPC Class 3 inemithetho engqongqo yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Olunye uphawu oluphambili yiringi ye-annular, ubhedu olujikeleze umngxuma ombiweyo. Kwi-IPC Class 3, ubungakanani obuncinci be-ring annular yi-2 mil kwimigangatho yangaphandle kunye ne-1 mil kwimigangatho yangaphakathi. Ezi sayizi zinceda ibhodi ukuphatha iimeko ezinzima ngaphandle kokuphuka.
umba | iinkcukacha |
|---|---|
umgangatho | IPC-6012 Udidi 3 |
Ubuncinane boBubungakanani beRingi yoNyaka | Ngaphandle: 2 mil, Ngaphakathi: 1 mil |
Umlinganiselo wangaphandle | Ukusuka eludongeni ukuya kumda wepad |
Umlinganiselo wangaphakathi | Ukusuka kumngxuma ogrunjiweyo ukuya kumphetho wephedi |
Imfuno yeClass 3 | Ifuna iringi ye-annular eshiyekileyo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo |
IPC Class 2 ineemfuno ezilula. Oku kwenza ukuba kungabizi mali kwaye kukhawuleze ukuvelisa. Kodwa ayinakuhlala ixesha elide njengeebhodi zeClass 3. Cinga ngalo mahluko xa ukhetha phakathi kweKlasi 2 kunye neKlasi yesi-3 yePCB.
Imiqobo yokwenziwa kweMveliso kunye nokuPlatwa komngxuma wokutyhutyha
Ukwenza i-IPC Class 2 kunye neClass 3 PCB ibandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Iibhodi zeClass 2 zenzelwe imveliso enkulu. Iziphene ezincinci zilungile ukuba ibhodi isasebenza. Oku kwenza IPC Class 2 kakhulu izinto ezifana izixhobo zasekhaya okanye izixhobo ofisi.
Iibhodi ze-Class 3 zifuna ukuveliswa okuchanekileyo. Kufuneka balandele imithetho engqongqo, kubandakanywa nokucwenga komngxuma. KwiKlasi yesi-3, ubuncinane i-75% yomngxuma kufuneka izaliswe ngokutyalwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi yomelele kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ukwenza ezi bhodi kubiza ngakumbi kuba kufuna izixhobo eziphambili kunye nokusebenza ngononophelo.
iinkcukacha | Iiklasi 2 | Iiklasi 3 |
|---|---|---|
Imithetho yoyilo | Imithetho elula ngokukhululeka ngokusebenzisa kunye ne-plating specs. | Imithetho engqongqo yokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza. |
Imiqobo yokuvelisa | Yenziwe ngeemali ezinkulu; iziphene ezincinci zivumelekile. | Akwenziwanga ngobuninzi; idinga izixhobo eziphambili kunye nemithetho engqongqo. |
Iindlela zokuhlola | Iitshekhi ezisisiseko kunye neemvavanyo ezilula. | Iitshekhi ezineenkcukacha kunye neemvavanyo ezinzima, kuquka iimvavanyo zoxinzelelo. |
Iikhrayitheriya zokuHlola kunye noKwamkeleka
Uvavanyo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiPCBs zisebenza kakuhle. IPC Class 2 isebenzisa iitshekhi ezilula kunye neemvavanyo ezisisiseko. Ezi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhodi, nokuba ineziphene ezincinci ezibonakalayo. Oku kuhambelana nexabiso eliphantsi leebhodi zeClass 2.
Iimfuno ze-IPC Class 3 uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha kunye neetshekhi. Iibhodi zihamba kwiimvavanyo ezinzima, njengeemvavanyo zoxinzelelo, ukubonisa ukuba zisebenza kwiimeko ezinzima. Imigangatho efana ne-IPC-6011 kunye ne-IPC-6012 ichaza imigaqo yolu vavanyo. Umzekelo:
IPC-6011 dwelisa imithetho jikelele yokusebenza kwePCB.
IPC-6012 igxile ekuvavanyeni ukusetyenziswa kokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Le mithetho engqongqo iqinisekisa ukuba iibhodi zeKlasi 3 zithembeke kakhulu kwaye zihlala zihlala njalo. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ibandakanya iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, njengesithuba okanye izixhobo zonyango, khetha ii-IPC Class 3 PCBs.
Izicelo kunye neeCase zokuSetyenziswa kweShishini kwi-IPC Class 2 kunye neClass 3 PCBs
I-Consumer Electronics kunye ne-IPC Class 2
Ubona iiPCB zeKlasi yesi-2 kwiigajethi ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. Ezi bhodi zenzelwe izixhobo ezijolise ekubeni zifikeleleke kwaye zisebenziseke. Cinga ngezinto ezifana neefowuni, iilaptops, okanye izixhobo zasekhitshini. Ezi mveliso zisebenzisa i-IPC Class 2 imithetho yokugcina iindleko eziphantsi ngelixa isebenza kakuhle.
Iibhodi ze-Class 2 zinokuba neziphene ezincinci, zenze ukuba zikhawuleze ukuvelisa. Oku kwehlisa iindleko zemveliso, nto leyo ilungele ukwenza iimveliso ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-microwave okanye umshicileli ayifuni ukuchaneka okufanayo njengesixhobo sonyango. Injongo kukusebenza kakuhle kangangexesha elithile.
Abavelisi bakhetha i-IPC Udidi 2 kwizinto ezingasetyenziswanga kwiimeko ezinzima. Ezi bhodi ziyakwazi ukuphatha ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kodwa azenzelwanga iimeko ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho imalunga neegajethi zabathengi, i-IPC Class 2 lukhetho oluhle. Ihlangabezana neemfuno ngaphandle kokunyusa iindleko kakhulu.
Amashishini aSebenza ngokuPhezulu kunye neKlasi yesi-3 ye-IPC
Xa ukuthembeka kungundoqo, IPC Class 3 PCBs zezona zibalaseleyo. Ezi bhodi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ukungaphumeleli akuvumelekanga. Uya kuzifumana kwizixhobo zesithuba, izixhobo zomkhosi, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Umzekelo, i-pacemaker enebhodi yoKlasi 3 kufuneka isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo ukugcina umntu ekhuselekile.
Iibhodi zeClass 3 zidlula kwiimvavanyo ezinzima ukuhlangabezana nazo imithetho engqongqo. Ilungu ngalinye libalulekile, ukusuka kumaleko obhedu ukuya kwimingxuma yokufakwa emngxunyeni. Ezi bhodi zenzelwe ukujongana nobushushu, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Iindlela eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zomelele kwaye zichanekile.
Ukuba iprojekthi yakho idinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu, khetha i-IPC Class 3. Ezi bhodi zinika ukusebenza okuphezulu kwaye zibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Nokuba yisathelayithi okanye irobhothi yotyando, iibhodi zodidi 3 ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle.
Indima yeMigangatho ye-IPC kwi-Industry-Specific Applications
Imigangatho ye-IPC ibalulekile kwindlela ii-PCB ezisetyenziswa ngayo kumashishini. Banika imithetho ecacileyo yoyilo, ukwenziwa, kunye novavanyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Ngokulandela le migaqo, uyakwazi ukukhetha iklasi PCB ekunene iimfuno zakho.
Kwizixhobo zabathengi, imigaqo ye-IPC yoKlasi 2 iguquguquka kwaye igcina imali. Le migaqo inceda ukwenza iibhodi ezininzi ezisebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokubiza kakhulu. Kodwa amashishini afana nendawo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo ludinga imithetho ye-IPC yodidi lwesithathu kwiimfuno zabo ezingqongqo. Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhodi ikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ithembekile.
Ukwazi imigangatho ye-IPC kukunceda ukhethe i-PCB efanelekileyo yeprojekthi yakho. Nokuba ufuna i-PCB eyomeleleyo kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo okanye i-budget-friendly yezixhobo zemihla ngemihla, le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba iibhodi zakho zisebenza njengoko zifanele.
Uhlaziyo kwi-IPC 6012 Revision F
Utshintsho kwiDielectric Thickness and Surface Finish
IPC 6012 Uhlaziyo F inemithetho emitsha yobunzima be-dielectric kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Olu hlaziyo lwenza iiPCBs zithembeke ngakumbi kusetyenziso olunzima. Imithetho ye-dielectric thickness ingqongqo ngoku. Oku kuqinisekisa ukugquma okungcono phakathi kweengqimba, ukunciphisa ithuba leengxaki zombane. Iluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko zombane ophezulu.
Imithetho yokugqiba umphezulu nayo iphucukile. Imigangatho emitsha igxile ekugqityweni okugudileyo ukwenza i-soldering ibe lula kwaye inciphise iimpazamo. Umzekelo, ukugqibezela okugudileyo kunqande iingxaki ezinje ngeejoyinti ezimbi ze-solder okanye iplating engalinganiyo. Olu tshintsho lunceda ibhodi yakho isebenze ngcono kwaye ihlale ixesha elide, nakwiimeko ezinzima.
I-Edge Plating kunye ne-Back Drill Depth Guidelines
Edge plating kunye nomqolo drill ubunzulu imithetho iye yatshintsha kwakhona IPC 6012 Revision F. Edge plating ngoku kufuneka ichane ngakumbi ukwenza PCBs zomelele. Oku kunceda ukukhusela imida ekuqhekekeni phantsi koxinzelelo. Ukuba ibhodi yakho iya kujongana nokungcangcazela okanye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, olu hlaziyo luya kuyigcina ikhuselekile.
Imithetho yobunzulu be-drill icacile ngoku ukuphucula umgangatho womqondiso. Ukugrumba ngasemva kususa i-stubs ezongezelelweyo zobhedu, ezinciphisa ukulahleka komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezikhawulezayo apho ukuchaneka kubalulekile. Olu tshintsho lunceda ibhodi yakho isebenze kakuhle kuyilo oluphambili.
Impembelelo yoHlaziyo kwiiNkqubo zoVeliso zePCB
Imithetho emitsha ye-IPC 6012 yoHlaziyo ye-F ichaphazela indlela ezenziwa ngayo ii-PCBs. Imithetho engqongqo yobunzima be-dielectric kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kufuna ulawulo olungcono ngexesha lemveliso. Iifektri kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo eziphambili ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho iphezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iibhodi zakho zikumgangatho ophezulu.
I-edge plating kunye nohlaziyo lokugrumba ngasemva lufuna iindlela ezingcono zokuvelisa. Umzekelo, imithetho engqongqo yokubekwa komphetho ifuna izixhobo ezichanekileyo. Ukuphuculwa kokugrumba ngasemva kufuna i-drills engcono kunye neenkqubo. Olu hlaziyo lunokubiza ngaphezulu, kodwa luqinisekisa ukuba iibhodi zakho zomelele kwaye zithembeke ngakumbi.
Ukwazi ukuba i-IPC Class 2 kunye neClass 3 PCBs zahluke njani kukunceda ukhethe ngobulumko kwiiprojekthi zakho. IiPCB zeClass 2 zitshiphu kwaye zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, zilungele izixhobo zemihla ngemihla. Kodwa iiPCB zeKlasi 3 zithembeke kakhulu kwaye zichanekile, zilungele ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo njengesithuba okanye izixhobo zonyango.
Ukukhetha iklasi ye-IPC efanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba i-PCB yakho isebenza kakuhle kwaye ihlala. Tshatisa ukhetho lwakho kwiimfuno zeshishini lakho ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
FAQ
1. Yintoni umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-IPC Class 2 kunye neClass 3 PCBs?
Udidi lwe-2 luvumela iimpazamo ezincinci ukuba ibhodi isasebenza. Udidi lwesi-3 kufuneka lugqibelele kusetyenziso olubalulekileyo njengezixhobo zonyango okanye izixhobo zendawo.
2. Ngaba i-IPC Class 2 PCBs ingasebenza kumashishini afuna ukusebenza okuphezulu?
Hayi, iibhodi zeClass 2 azihlangabezani nemithetho engqongqo yemisebenzi enzima. Iibhodi zeClass 3 zingcono kumabala afana nokhuselo, indawo, okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo.
3. Kutheni Class 3 PCBs kubiza ngaphezulu ukwenza?
Iibhodi zeClass 3 zifuna umsebenzi ocokisekileyo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye neemvavanyo ezinzima. La manyathelo aphakamisa iindleko kodwa abenze bomelele kwaye bathembeke.
4. Ingaba imigangatho ye-IPC inceda njani kuyilo lwePCB?
Imithetho ye-IPC ikhokela indlela iibhodi ezenziwe kwaye zivavanywa ngayo. Bakunceda ukuba ukhethe uhlobo oluchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiindleko kunye neemfuno zokuthembeka.
5. Ngaba i-IPC 6012 yohlaziyo lwe-F ibalulekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zePCB?
Ewe, uhlaziyo luphucula zonke iibhodi kodwa lunceda iKlasi yesi-3 kakhulu. Benza iibhodi zomelele kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
