Kuyilo lwe-elektroniki kunye noshishino lokuvelisa, kunye nentsimi yeemveliso zombane, sihlala siva uyilo lombane kunye noyilo lwePCB, ngamanye amaxesha siya kulinganisa ezi zimbini, kodwa ngokwenene zahlukile, makhe sijonge umahluko wabo ophambili.
Uyilo lombane:
- Yintoni: Uyilo lwe-elektroniki lumalunga nokudala iisekethe kunye neenkqubo ezenza isixhobo sisebenze. Uqala ngokufumanisa ukuba iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kufuneka zidibanise njani, ukukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo (njengama-resistors, capacitors, chips), kunye nokuyila ukusebenza ngokubanzi.
- Gxi ninisa:
- Uyilo lweesekethe: Oku malunga nendlela amacandelo ombane aya kudibanisa kwaye asebenzisane ngayo ukwenza umsebenzi othile (umzekelo, ukukhulisa umqondiso okanye ukulawula i-motor).
- Ukukhethwa kwecandelo: Ukukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi, nokuba sisilawuli esincinci, isivamvo, okanye unikezelo lwamandla.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza ngokufanelekileyo-oku kunokuthetha ukuyila indlela inzwa enxibelelana ngayo ne-microcontroller okanye ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunika amandla ombane afanelekileyo kwisekethe.
- izixhobo: Iinjineli zihlala zisebenzisa isoftware efana ISIPHUMO ukulinganisa indlela isekethe eya kuziphatha ngayo ngaphambi kokuyakha. Basenokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana MATLAB kuyilo lwenqanaba lenkqubo.
- Iziphumo zokuphela: Ufumana umzobo wesiphaluka (ischematic) ebonisa indlela onke amacandelo adityaniswa ngayo kunye nendlela aya kusebenzisana ngayo ukwenza umsebenzi ojoliswe kuwo.
Uyilo lwePCB:
- Yintoni: Uyilo lwePCB linyathelo elilandelayo nje ukuba isekethe ye-elektroniki iyilwe. Kumalunga nokudala ubeko lomzimba lwesekethe kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB). Apha, ufumanisa indlela yokucwangcisa onke amacandelo ebhodini kwaye udibanise usebenzisa iindlela zobhedu (iindlela ezithwala izibonakaliso zombane).
- Gxi ninisa:
- Ukubekwa kwecandelo: Ukugqiba ukuba indawo nganye iya kuhamba phi kwi-PCB, iqinisekisa ukuba iyangena kwaye ayiphazamisi amanye amacandelo.
- Ukuhamba: Ukuzoba umdibaniso wombane (okanye umkhondo) phakathi kwamacandelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zinokuhamba ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibhodi isebenza njengoko kulindelekile.
- Ulawulo lweThermal: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi ayigqithisi ngokubeka amacandelo ngendlela evumela ubushushu ukuba buchithe okanye bongeze i-heat sinks apho kuyimfuneko.
- Ukwenziwa kokwenziwa kwemveliso: Ukuyila ibhodi ukuze kube lula ukuveliswa-oku kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba umkhondo ubanzi ngokwaneleyo, amacandelo abekwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uyilo lulandela imigangatho yoshishino.
- izixhobo: Abayili bePCB basebenzisa isoftware efana Umyili weAltium, ukhozi, okanye I-KiCad ukwala amacandelo kunye nomkhondo, emva koko uvelise iifayile ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi ukwenza ibhodi.
- Iziphumo zokuphela: Ufumana ubeko oluneenkcukacha lwePCB, ethi ke ithunyelwe kumvelisi ukuba yenziwe.
Umahluko ophambili:
| umba | Uyilo lombane | Uyilo lwePCB |
|---|---|---|
| umda | Igxininisa kwindlela isekethe kunye nenkqubo esebenza ngayo iyonke. | Igxininisa kwisakhiwo somzimba kunye nokudibanisa kwesekethe ebhodini. |
| Yenziwe Ntoni | Iisekethe zombane kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo. | I-PCB ebonakalayo ebambe amacandelo kwaye iwadibanise. |
| Imisebenzi ephambili | Uyilo lwesekethe, ukukhetha amacandelo, ukusebenza kovavanyo. | Ukubeka amacandelo, umkhondo womzila, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhodi iyavezwa. |
| Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo | Izilingisi zesekethe, izixhobo zokuyila inkqubo (umz., SPICE, MATLAB). | Isoftware yoyilo lwePCB (umzekelo, iAltium, uKhozi, iKiCad). |
| Isiphumo sokuphela | Idiagram yesekethe (ischematic) ebonisa uyilo. | Uyilo lwePCB olulungele ukwenziwa. |
Uyilo lombane kunye noyilo lwePCB Ukuhamba komsebenzi:
- Uyilo lombane:
- Usenokuba uyila isekethe elula ukulawula injini. Okokuqala, ukhetha i-microcontroller efanelekileyo, inzwa, kunye nomqhubi wemoto. Emva koko, wenza isikimu esibonisa ukuba la macandelo aya kudityaniswa njani.
- Uyilo lwePCB:
- Emva kokuba iskimu silungile, uya kuyilo lwePCB. Ulungelelanisa amacandelo ebhodini, uzobe umkhondo ukuze udibanise, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ibhodi inokwenziwa lula kwaye ihlanganiswe. Ukwaqwalasela izinto ezifana nendlela yokulawula ubushushu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iimpawu aziphazamisi enye kwenye.
Kufuphi:
- Uyilo lombane imalunga nokucinga ukuba iisekethe ziya kusebenza njani kwaye ukhethe iindawo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi.
- Uyilo lwePCB imalunga nokujika olo yilo lombane lube yibhodi ebonakalayo enokuthi yenziwe.
