Iisekethe zeamplifier zibalulekile kwi-electronics. Benza imiqondiso ebuthathaka yomelele ukuze izixhobo zikwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngcono. Ezi sekethe zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana ne-audio systems kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Banceda ukuthumela imiqondiso ngokucacileyo kwaye ngamandla.
I-Amplifaya zifuneka ngakumbi ngenxa yetekhnoloji entsha kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele. Ngokomzekelo, imarike ye-amplifiers yamandla ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Isuke kwi-21.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-30.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2023. Amazwe asakhulayo adinga i-amplifiers engaphezulu, nayo. EYurophu, iJamani ikhokela imakethi yeamplifier yomsindo. I-UK nayo ikhula, ngesantya se-7.69% ngonyaka. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba kutheni ukukhetha uhlobo lweamplifier olufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Le bhlog ithelekisa iKlasi A, B, AB, C, kunye ne-D amplifiers. Kujongwa ukuba zilunge kangakanani na, zivakala zicace kangakanani na, kwanokuba zisetyenziselwa ntoni na.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Iindidi zeamplifier (A, B, AB, C, D) zikunceda ukhethe eyona ilungileyo yokusetyenziswa kwesandi kunye namandla.
Izandisi zodidi A zinika esona sandi sibalaseleyo kodwa zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Zinkulu kwiinkqubo zeaudio ezimnandi.
I-amplifiers ye-Class D igcina amandla amaninzi, isebenza ngaphezu kwe-90% ngokufanelekileyo. Zifanelekile kwiigajethi eziphathwayo kunye namandla okugcina.
Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB zidibanisa isandi esilungileyo kunye nokonga amandla. Ziyaziwa kwiithiyetha zasekhaya kunye nezithethi zasesidlangalaleni.
Xa ukhetha i-amplifier, cinga ngeemfuno zakho: ngesandi esikhulu, khetha iKlasi A okanye i-AB; ukonga amandla, khetha udidi D.
Amagqabantshintshi eeKlasi zeSekethe ye-Aplifier
Inkcazo kunye nenjongo yeeklasi ze-Aplifier
Iiklasi zeamplifier zichaza indlela i-amplifiers ezenza ngayo iimpawu zomelele. Iklasi nganye ibonisa indlela ehamba ngayo ngoku kunye nendlela amandla ajika ngayo kwiimpawu ezandisiweyo. Ezi klasi zikunceda wenze isigqibo phakathi ukusebenza, umgangatho wesandi, kunye nokugqwetheka.
Ii-amplifiers zeKlasi A zisebenza ngexesha lonke lomjikelo wesignali. Banika isandi esikhulu kodwa basebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Izandisi zeKlasi B zisebenza kwisiqingatha somjikelo. Zigcina amandla kodwa ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa isandi. Udidi lwe-AB ludibanisa zombini, ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wesandi.
Ezi klasi zikunceda ukhethe i-amplifier efanelekileyo. Nokuba ufuna isandi esicacileyo okanye ugcine amandla, ukwazi ezi klasi kukunceda ukhethe ngobulumko.
Iikhrayitheriya zokuhlela iAmplifaya
I-Amplifaya zihlelwe ngeempawu ezibalulekileyo:
I-engile yokuqhuba: Oku kungakanani umjikelo wesiginali osebenzayo. Iklasi A isebenza kwi-360 °, ngelixa iKlasi B isebenza kwi-180 °.
Ukusebenza kakuhle: Oku kubonisa indlela iamplifier ejika ngayo amandla kwimiqondiso. Izandisi zeKlasi D zisebenza kakuhle, ngaphezulu kwe-90%, kwaye zilungele izixhobo eziphathwayo.
Ukugqwetheka koMqondiso: Ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka xa isignali ekhulisiwe itshintsha ukusuka kweyokuqala. Udidi A luphantse lungabi nasiphazamiso, ngelixa iKlasi C ivumela ukugqwetheka okungaphezulu kosulelo lweRF.
iklasi | I-engile yokuqhuba | Ukusebenza kakuhle | Ukugqwetheka koMqondiso |
|---|---|---|---|
A | 360 ° | 25-30% | Akukho ukuba umiswe kakuhle |
B | 180 ° | 70-80% | Kwindawo yokuwela |
AB | 180-360 ° | 50-70% | Imali encinci |
C | <90 ° | > 80% | Izixa ezikhulu |
D | N/A (Ukutshintsha) | > 90% | Ncinane |
Ezi mpawu zikunceda uthelekise iintlobo zeamplifier. Ngesandi esicacileyo, iKlasi A okanye i-AB iyona nto ingcono. Okonga amandla, udidi D lukhetho olulungileyo.
ISekethe yeSikhulisi seKlasi A
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iiamplifiers zeKlasi A ziyaziwa ngomgangatho wazo omkhulu wesandi. Basebenza ngexesha lomjikelo wesignali yonke, ukugcina imveliso igudile. Olu luyilo lujolise kwisandi esicacileyo, sibenza bafezeke kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomsindo.
Nalu ujongo olulula lokuba kutheni iiamplifiers zeKlasi A zilungile:
uncedo | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Linearity enkulu | Bagcina imiqondiso ichanekile, ifanelekile kwisandi esicacileyo. |
Ukuzuza okuphezulu | Banokwenza imiqondiso ebuthathaka yomelele ngakumbi kwisandi esingcono. |
Ukugqwesa okuphantsi | Xa zakhiwe kakuhle, zinokugqwetheka okuncinci, ukuphucula isandi. |
Umgangatho oPhezulu weSandi | Abaninzi bathi bavakala besona siphezulu sokuseta iaudio ekumgangatho ophezulu. |
Ukuqhuba rhoqo | Isiphumo sihlala sisebenza, sinika isandi esigudileyo kwaye sizinzile. |
Ezi mpawu zenza iAmplifaya yeKlasi A ibe yeyona nto iphambili yokukhetha abantu abathanda isandi esimangalisayo.
Imigaqo yokuSebenza
Iiamplifiers zeKlasi A zigcina imveliso yazo isebenza ngalo lonke ixesha. Oku kwenza isandi sibe mpuluswa kwaye singabi nasiphako. Kodwa, olu yilo lusebenzisa amandla amaninzi.
Ukusebenza kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo kungaphantsi kwe-30%.
Bajonge ukunika amandla amaninzi e-AC kumthwalo ngelixa usebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kwe-DC.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kukuba angakanani amandla emveliso xa kuthelekiswa namandla ewonke asetyenzisiweyo.
Nangona zingasebenzi kakuhle, ziyifanele isandi esicacileyo nesineenkcukacha.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Iiamplifiers zeKlasi A zisetyenziswa apho umgangatho wesandi ubaluleke ngaphezu kokugcina amandla. Ziqhelekile kwiinkqubo zomsindo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izitudiyo, kunye neethiyetha ezithandekayo zasekhaya. Isandi sabo esicocekileyo sibenza babe mkhulu kumsebenzi weaudio wobugcisa.
Zikwasetyenziswa kwiilebhu zovavanyo kunye nophando. Ezinye iisistim zeRF ezinamandla kakhulu ziyazisebenzisa kuba zifuna imiqondiso ecacileyo.
ISekethe ye-Amplifaya yeKlasi B
Iimpawu eziphambili
Izandisi zodidi lweB zisebenza nge i-engile yokuqhuba of 180°. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-transistor nganye isebenza kwisiqingatha somqondiso. Baninzi esebenzayo kunezandisi zeKlasi A, ezisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo malunga ne-78.5%. Ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, ukusebenza kwabo kusondele kwi-60%.
Uphawu oluphambili lwezandisi zeKlasi B kukuseta i-push-pull. Olu luyilo lusebenzisa iitransistor ezimbini. Enye iphatha i-positive signal, kwaye enye iphethe i-negative. Oku kunciphisa ukugqwetheka kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wesandi. Izandisi zodidi lwe-B nazo zichitha amandla amancinci, zizenza zibe nkulu kwiimfuno zokonga umbane.
uphawu | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
I-engile yokuqhuba | I-180 ° (i-transistor nganye isebenza kwisiqingatha somqondiso) |
Ukusebenza kakuhle | Malunga ne-60% (ubuninzi yi ~78.5%) |
izicelo | Ifunyenwe kwiisistim zeaudio, iiamplifiers zelinear, kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri ezifana nerediyo |
ULawulo lokuGqwetha | Isebenzisa uyilo lokutyhala-tsalwa ukunciphisa ukugqwetheka |
Izinto eziluncedo kwiClass A Amplifiers | Ukusebenza ngcono kunye nokuchithwa kwamandla amancinci |
Imigaqo yokuSebenza
Izandisi zeKlasi B zisebenzisa uyilo lokutyhala ukukhulisa imiqondiso. Enye i-transistor isebenza kwindawo efanelekileyo yomqondiso. Enye i-transistor isebenza kwindawo engalunganga. Olu seto lugcina amandla kwaye ludala ubushushu obuncinci, luyenza ilunge kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu.
Ezi amplifier zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuba azihlali ngexesha lokuzola. Ngokungafaniyo nezikhulisi zeKlasi A, zisebenza kuphela xa zifuneka. Olu yilo lugcina amandla kwaye luphepha ubushushu obungaphezulu. Elula Uyilo lwesekethe kwakhona kubenza bangabizi kakhulu ukwakha, yiyo loo nto besetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ii-amplifiers ze-Class B ziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zomsindo apho isandi esicacileyo kunye nokugcina amandla kubalulekile. Uza kuzibona koonomathotholo kunye ne-linear amplifiers. Zikwalungile kwizixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri kuba zisebenzisa amandla amancinci.
Kuseto lweaudio enamandla amakhulu, banika isandi esicacileyo ngokugqwetheka okuncinci. Zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphathwayo apho ukulawula ubushushu kubalulekile. Umxube wabo wobuchule kunye neendleko eziphantsi ubagcina bedumile kwizinto zombane zanamhlanje.
Icebiso: Ngaba ufuna iamplifier egcina amandla kwaye ivakala kakuhle? Izandisi zeKlasi B zigqibelele kwiinkqubo zomsindo kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri.
ISekethe ye-Amplifaya yeKlasi ye-AB
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ii-amplifiers zeKlasi ye-AB zixuba iindawo ezingcono kakhulu zeKlasi A kunye neKlasi B. Banika umgangatho wesandi esihle kwaye bagcine amandla amaninzi. Oku kubenza babe lukhetho oluguquguqukayo kusetyenziso oluninzi. Ii-amplifiers zeKlasi ye-AB zilungisa iingxaki zeKlasi A kunye noyilo lweKlasi B.
Basebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kunee-amplifiers zeClass A, ezihlala zihlala.
Bathoba isandi esigqwethekileyo esibonwa kwizandisi zodidi lwe-B ngokusebenzisa ucalucalulo olungcono.
Balungelelanisa isandi esicacileyo kunye nokonga amandla, okwenza kube luncedo kwimisebenzi emininzi.
Ezi amplifiers zithandwa kwiinkqubo zomsindo kunye ne-amplifiers yamandla. Basebenza kakuhle xa zombini ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga amandla kufuneka. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphatha iimpawu ezinamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kubenza babe yintandokazi kubasebenzisi abaninzi.
Imigaqo yokuSebenza
Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB zisebenza ngokujika kancinci kuzo zombini iitransistors ngexesha lotshintsho lwesignali. Oku kugqithelana kususa ukugqwetheka okufunyenwe kwizandisi zodidi lwe-B. Uyilo lugcina i-amplifier ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa igcina isandi sicacile.
Nantsi ukujonga okulula kwindlela asebenza ngayo:
umba | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ukusebenza kakuhle | Zisebenza kakuhle kuneClass A kunye neClass B amplifiers. |
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla | Bagcina amandla ngokunciphisa ukugqwetheka ngokukhetha ngobuchule. |
Indlela abasebenza ngayo | I-biasing ivumela ii-transistors zigqithe ngexesha lotshintsho lwesignali, ukusika ukugqwetheka. |
Ifomula efanelekileyo | Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwisignali yemveliso kunye nombane wobonelelo, oboniswe njenge Ƞ = π/4 * Vac/Vsupply. |
Olu luyilo lunceda ii-amplifiers zeKlasi ye-AB zinike imiqondiso eyomeleleyo ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla amaninzi. Ziyingxubevange yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi kuba zininzi kakhulu. Uya kuzifumana kwiithiyetha zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo zokulalela ezivunyiweyo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphatha iimpawu ezinamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kubenza bafezekiseke kwezi nkqubo.
Zikwasetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo apho ukonga amandla kungundoqo. Uya kubabona kwiinkqubo zesandi zekonsathi kunye noseto lweedilesi zoluntu. Uyilo lwabo olulungeleleneyo lubenza bathembeke kusetyenziso oluninzi olwahlukileyo.
Phawula: Ngaba ufuna iamplifier elinganisa isandi esikhulu kunye nokonga amandla? Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB lukhetho oluhle.
ISekethe yeSikhulisi seClass C
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iiamplifiers zeClass C zenziwe ukuba zibe kakhulu esebenzayo. Zisetyenziswa apho ukugqwethwa komqondiso kulungile. Ezi amplifier zisebenza nge i-engile yokuqhuba ngaphantsi kwe-90 °. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-transistor isebenza ixesha elifutshane. Olu luyilo lugcina amandla, lubenze ngakumbi esebenzayo kunezinye iindidi.
Ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zezandisi zodidi C zezi:
UkuPhumelela okuPhezulu: Banokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-80% yokusebenza kakuhle, enkulu kwiimfuno zamandla aphezulu.
Ukugqwetheka okubalulekileyo: I-angle yabo emfutshane yokuqhuba ibangela ukuphazamiseka, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo.
Uyilo lweCompact: Ubushushu obuncinci buthetha iindawo ezincinci kunye neesekethe ezilula.
Ukuba ufuna iamplifier egxile ekongeni amandla, udidi C lukhetho oluhle.
Imigaqo yokuSebenza
Izandisi zeKlasi C zisebenza ngokugcina i-transistor ivaliwe ixesha elininzi. Ivula kuphela inxalenye encinci yesignali. Isekethe ye-resonant ilungisa umqondiso wemveliso kwaye isusa ingxolo eyongezelelweyo.
Olu luyilo luchitha amandla amancinci njengobushushu. Yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa imisebenzi yamandla aphezulu. Kodwa, ibangela ukugqwetheka, ngoko ayilunganga kwisandi esicacileyo. Kwi Ukudluliselwa kweRF, isiphaluka se-resonant silungisa ukuphazamiseka, okwenza umqondiso usetyenziswe.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ii-amplifiers zeClass C zisetyenziselwa apho amandla aphezulu kunye ukusebenza ibaluleke kakhulu. Uyakubafumana kwi:
Ugqithiso lweRF: Bathumela imiqondiso imigama ekude kusasazo.
Iinkqubo zeRadar: Baphatha amandla aphezulu, alungele ukuseta radar.
Izixhobo zeShishini: Basebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neejenereyitha zeRF kunye nezifudumezi zokungenisa.
Ubungakanani babo compact kunye ukusebenza zibenze babe bakhulu kule misebenzi. Kodwa azilunganga kwiinkqubo zeaudio okanye imisebenzi efuna isandi esicacileyo.
Icebiso: Ukusebenza kwi-RF transmission okanye iiprojekthi zamandla aphezulu? I-amplifiers yeKlasi C lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokonga amandla.
ISekethe ye-Amplifaya yeKlasi yeD
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iiamplifiers zeClass D zaziwa ngokuba kakhulu esebenzayo kwaye incinci. Basebenzisa itekhnoloji yokutshintsha endaweni yeendlela zemveli zokukhulisa imiqondiso. Oku kunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nobushushu, kubenze babe nkulu kwizixhobo eziphathwayo nezinamandla aphezulu.
Nantsi ukujonga okulula kwiimpawu zabo:
uphawu | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ukusebenza kwamandla | Banokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yokusebenza kakuhle, ukonga amandla amaninzi. |
Iyonke i-Harmonic Ukwahlula-hlula (THD) | I-THD engaphantsi kwe-0.1% isebenza kakuhle kuninzi lokusetyenziswa, kunye namanqanaba okuthanda i-audiophiles aphantsi njenge-0.05%. |
INqanaba leNgxolo lesiphumo | Ingxolo engaphantsi kwe-500 µV kunzima ukuyiva, kodwa ngaphezulu kwe-1 mV inokucaphukisa. |
Impembelelo yexesha lokufa | Ixesha lokufa kufuneka lilungelelaniswe ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neTHD ukuze usebenze ngcono. |
Ezi amplifiers zilungile ukonga amandla kunye nokuba zixinene. Bahambisa amandla awomeleleyo ngokugqwetheka okuncinci, kubenza badume kwiaudiyo yale mihla kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo.
Imigaqo yokuSebenza
Izandisi zeKlasi D zisebenza ngokuvula nokucima iitransistor ngokukhawuleza. Oku kudala i-pulse-width modulated signal (PWM), ehluzwayo ukwenza imveliso ecocekileyo. Ukutshintsha kwabo rhoqo, okuhlala phakathi kwe-250kHz kunye ne-1.5MHz, ngundoqo kwindlela abasebenza ngayo.
Amanqaku abalulekileyo malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo:
Baphezulu esebenzayo, ilungele izixhobo eziphathwayo nezincinci ezinamandla aphezulu.
Ukumodareyitha okukwinqanaba eliphezulu kususa imfuno yezihluzi ezongezelelweyo kwaye kwehlisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI).
Ilahleko yamandla ivela kukumelana ne-transistor, ukutshintshwa, kunye nokulinda okwangoku, kodwa isezantsi kakhulu kune-amplifiers ezindala.
Olu luyilo luchitha amandla amancinci kwaye lusebenza kakuhle nakwiimeko ezinzima. Iiamplifiers zeKlasi D zisetyenziswa apho ubungakanani obubambeneyo kunye nokonga amandla kubalulekile.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Izandisi zeKlasi D zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokonga amandla. Ubungakanani babo obuncinci kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bubenza balungele izixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neenkqubo zesandi zanamhlanje.
Uyakubafumana kwi:
IiNkqubo zeAudiyo zaseKhaya: Banika isandi esicacileyo kunye nokugqwetheka okuncinci, okukhulu kubathandi bomculo.
Izixhobo eziphathekayo: Bagcina ubomi bebhetri kwiifowuni, iitafile kunye nezithethi zeBluetooth.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu: Banika amandla i-subwoofers kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu zesandi ngokulula.
Izixhobo zeShishini: Zithembekile kwiimoto zokuqhuba kunye nezixhobo zamandla.
I-amplifiers yeKlasi ye-D lukhetho oluhle lokulinganisa amandla kunye nokonga amandla, okwenza kube luncedo kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa lweeSekethe zeAmplifier
Ubuchule kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla
Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kungundoqo xa uthelekisa i-amplifiers. Ucikizeko lubonisa ukuba iamplifier iwajika kakuhle kangakanani amandla okufaka kwimveliso ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla njengobushushu. Izandisi zodidi D zezona zisebenzayo, zifikelela ngaphezu kwe-90% ngenxa yoyilo lwazo lokutshintsha. Kwelinye icala, Izandisi zodidi A zezona zisebenzayo, zine-25-30% kuphela, njengoko zihlala zisebenzisa okwangoku.
Udidi B kunye ne-AB amplifiers ziphakathi. Izandisi zodidi lweB ukufikelela 70-80% ukusebenza kakuhle ngokusebenzisa transistors alternately kwisiqingatha umqondiso ngamnye. Udidi lwe-AB amplifiers, kunye nee-angles zokuqhuba ezigqithisayo, zifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-50-70% ngelixa unciphisa ukuphazamiseka. Izandisi zodidi C, eyenzelwe imisebenzi ye-high-frequency, iya kwi-80% yokusebenza kakuhle kodwa ilahlekelwa umgangatho wokuvelisa umqondiso.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ithelekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iibhendi zefrikhwensi kunye neentlobo zesixhobo:
Ubuninzi Band | Uhlobo lwedivayisi | Ukusebenza kakuhle (%) |
|---|---|---|
L-band | Isilicon LDMOS | I-60% yokusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi |
GaN HEMT | > 80% ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi | |
X-band | MESFET | > Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-30%. |
I-GaAs pHEMT | >40% PAE | |
GaN HEMT | >50% PAE | |
TWTs | Ukusebenza kwe-60%. | |
Ku-band | Isimo esomeleleyo | <10% PAE |
Ka-band | COTS iinxalenye | <20% ukusebenza kakuhle |
Q kunye ne-W-band | GaN HEMT | 30% PAE kwinqanaba lesixhobo |
Kwizixhobo ezidinga ilahleko yamandla aphantsi, njengezixhobo eziphathwayo okanye iinkqubo zamandla aphezulu, Izandisi zodidi D zingcono. Kodwa ukuba ufuna umgangatho ongcono wesignali, Udidi A okanye i-AB amplifiers lukhetho olungcono.
Umgangatho woMqondiso kunye nokuGqwetheka
Umgangatho womqondiso uthetha ukuba i-amplifier ikhuphela kakuhle kangakanani umqondiso wegalelo kwimveliso. Umgangatho olungileyo ubalulekile kwiinkqubo zomsindo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Izandisi zodidi A zezona zingcono kumgangatho, zinika imiqondiso ephantse igqibelele ngokugqwetheka okuncinci. Udidi lwe-AB amplifiers ukwanika umgangatho olungileyo ngokunciphisa ukugqwetheka kwe-crossover ngokukhetha okungcono.
Izandisi zodidi lweB, ngelixa lisebenza kakuhle, linokuphazamiseka kwe-crossover apho iimpawu zitshintsha phakathi kwee-transistors. Izandisi zodidi C, yenzelwe imisebenzi ye-RF, vumela ukugqwesa okungakumbi, ngoko ke ayilunganga kwi-audio. Izandisi zodidi D, nangona isebenza kakuhle, inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic ekutshintsheni kwabo. Kodwa uyilo lwangoku olunezihluzi ezingcono zinciphise le ngxaki.
Iindlela ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa umgangatho womqondiso ziquka:
P1dB indawo yokuNxinzelela: Ibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ekusebenzeni okucacileyo.
Uluhlu lwamandla: Ilinganisa imiqondiso emincinci ukuya kwenkulu iamplifier enokuyiphatha.
Iyonke i-Harmonic Ukwahlula-hlula (THD): Imilinganiselo eyongeziweyo ye-harmonics evela kwi-non-linear behavior.
I-Intermodulation Distortion (IMD): Ijonga iimpawu ezingafunekiyo kwiithowuni ezininzi ezisebenzisanayo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi icacisa imingeni kunye nezisombululo:
Inkcazo yobungqina | Ulwazi oluphambili |
|---|---|
Uxoxa ngobunzima bokufumana umgca ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqwesa. | Utshintsho lwexabiso le-circuit-value lunokuchaphazela imithombo emininzi yokuphazamiseka, kunzima ukulinganisa amanqanaba aphantsi okuphazamisa. |
Igxininisa imfuneko yokulinganisa umgca we-open-loop kwi-amplifiers yamandla. | Umlinganiselo wokufumana i-loop evulekileyo ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amanqanaba asezantsi okugqwetheka kwiisekethe zeamplifier. |
Ichaza indlela yokulinganisa inzuzo evulekileyo usebenzisa izandisi zokwahlulahlula. | Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulinganisa i-voltage yempazamo inokunceda ekuvavanyeni ukugqwetheka kuzo zonke iifrikhwensi. |
Ngemisebenzi efuna umgangatho ophezulu wesignali, njenge-audio yobuchwephesha okanye ukuseta isitudiyo, Iklasi A kunye ne-AB amplifiers ngabakhenkethi abaphezulu. Izandisi zodidi D, ngoyilo olungcono, zikwalungile kwisandi esikumgangatho ophezulu.
Eyona nto isetyenziswayo kwiAplifier nganye
Uhlobo ngalunye lweamplifier lusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi ethile. Izandisi zodidi A, kunye nomgangatho wabo omkhulu, zifanelekile kwi-audio yesiphelo esiphezulu, izitudiyo, kunye novavanyo lwelebhu. Ukugqwetheka kwabo okuphantsi kubenza babe yintandokazi yee-audiophiles.
Izandisi zodidi lweB, ngobuchule obungcono, zilungele izixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri kunye nesandi esiphakathi. Balungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza, bezenza zibe zinkulu kwiigajethi eziphathwayo. Udidi lwe-AB amplifiers, ukudibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle nomgangatho, zisetyenziswa kwiiholo zemiboniso yasekhaya, kwiinkqubo zeedilesi zikawonke wonke nakwiikonsathi.
Izandisi zodidi C zilungele imisebenzi yeRF, irada, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino. Ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bubenza babe bakhulu apho ukugqwetheka kulungile. Izandisi zodidi D, ngokusebenza okungenakulinganiswa, zilungele izixhobo eziphathekayo, izithethi zeBluetooth, kunye ne-subwoofers. Zikwasetyenziswa kwiimoto zokuqhuba kunye nezixhobo zombane ukonga amandla.
Xa ukhetha iamplifier, cinga ngeemfuno zakho. Ngomsindo, gxila kumgangatho. Kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, khetha ukusebenza kakuhle. Kwi-RF kunye nemisebenzi yoshishino, Izandisi zodidi C kunye no-D zezona iinketho.
Usetyenziso lweeSekethe zeAmplifaya
Iisekethe zeamplifier zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Baphucula isandi kwiinkqubo zomsindo kunye nokunyusa imiqondiso yonxibelelwano. Iklasi ye-amplifier nganye ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba zilungele imisebenzi ethile. Makhe sibone ukuba zisetyenziswa njani kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Iinkqubo zomsindo
I-Amplifaya zingundoqo ekwenzeni iinkqubo zomsindo zivakala kakuhle. Benza imiqondiso ebuthathaka yomelele ukuze izithethi zidlale izandi ezicacileyo nezikhwazayo. Enoba kusekhaya okanye kwikonsathi, izikhulisa-zwi ziphucula amava okuphulaphula.
Imarike yehlabathi yeeamplifiers zomsindo ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-78.72 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2032.
Udidi lwe-AB kunye neKlasi ye-D amplifiers zixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zomsindo zanamhlanje. Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB zilinganisa umgangatho wesandi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, zizenza zibe ntle kwiithiyetha zasekhaya kunye noseto lobuchwephesha.
Izandisi zeKlasi D zincinci kwaye ziyasebenza, zifanelekile kwizixhobo eziphathwayo njengezithethi zeBluetooth kunye neebar zesandi.
Itekhnoloji entsha, njengeDigital Signal Processing (DSP), yenza i-amplifiers ibengcono. I-DSP inciphisa ukugqwetheka kwaye igcine amandla, isenza ezi amplifiers zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zeaudio zanamhlanje.
Ubusazi? Iiamplifiers zeKlasi A zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zomsindo eziphakamileyo kuba zibonelela ngowona mgangatho wesandi ubalaseleyo.
Ugqithiso lweRF
Iiamplifiers zi ibalulekile kuthumelo lweRF. Benza imiqondiso yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihambe umgama omde ngaphandle kokuphulukana namandla. Ezi zikhulisi zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, kusasazo nakwiinkqubo zerada.
Iiamplifiers zodidi C zithandwa apha kuba zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Nangona zibangela ukugqwetheka, iisekethe ze-resonant ziyakwazi ukulungisa ingxolo. Uyilo olutsha, olufana ne-Doherty amplifier, lune-11% ukuya kwi-14% esebenzayo kunezandisi zeKlasi ze-AB ezindala. Oku kubenza bagqibelele kwiinkqubo zale mihla ezingenazingcingo.
Izandisi zeRF zisetyenziselwa:
Ukusasazwa: Banceda ukuthumela imiqondiso yerediyo kunye ne-TV ecacileyo.
Iinkqubo zeRadar: Banika amandla afunekayo okubona izinto ezikude.
Iinethiwekhi ze5G: Baphucula amandla omqondiso kunye nokugubungela uqhagamshelwano olukhawulezayo.
Inkqubela phambili kwi-RF amplifiers inceda ekuphuculeni itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano, ibenza babaluleke ukuze bahlale beqhagamshelwe.
IZixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neziSebenza ngoMbane
Izixhobo eziphathwayo zifuna i-amplifiers ezonga indawo kunye namandla. Iiamplifiers zeClass D zilungile kule nto. Zingaphezulu kwe-90% ezisebenzayo kwaye zichitha amandla amancinci, zizenza zilungele izixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri.
Uya kufumana izikhulisi zeKlasi D kwi:
Ii-Smartphones kunye neetafile: Banika isandi amandla ngelixa begcina ubomi bebhetri.
Abathethi beBluetooth: Ezi amplifiers zihambisa isandi esikhulu kwizixhobo ezincinci.
Izixhobo eziphathekayo: Ii-smartwatches kunye nabalandeleli bokuqina basebenzisela ukusebenza ngcono.
Imarike yee-amplifiers ezilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ziyakhula. Oku kungenxa yeendlela ezifana nerada yeemoto kunye nokucinga kwezonyango. INorth America ikhokela kuyilo, ngelixa i-Asia-Pacific ingumvelisi ophezulu. Ezi ndlela zibonisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani i-amplifiers kwizixhobo eziphathekayo nezikhethekileyo.
Icebiso: Ukuyila igajethi ephathekayo? Sebenzisa ii-amplifiers zeKlasi D kubungakanani bazo obuncinci kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukukhetha ilungelo amplifier kuxhomekeke kwinto oyifunayo. Uhlobo ngalunye luneenzuzo kunye neengozi zalo. Izandisi zodidi A nika isandi esikhulu kodwa sebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye ube shushu. Izandisi zodidi lweB yonga amandla kodwa inokubangela isandi esigqwethekileyo. Udidi lwe-AB amplifiers xuba isandi esilungileyo kunye nokonga amandla, ubenze babe bhetyebhetye. Izandisi zodidi C zisebenza kakuhle kodwa zigqwetha isandi, ngoko ke zilungele imisebenzi yeRF. Izandisi zodidi D zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zincinci, zilungele izixhobo eziphathwayo kunye noseto lweaudio yanamhlanje.
Cinga ngezinto ezifana nengxolo, ukubeka phantsi, kunye nokulawula ubushushu xa ukhetha. Nciphisa ingxolo ngokunciphisa i-bandwidth kunye nokusebenzisa iindawo ezikhethekileyo ezinengxolo ephantsi. Ukumisa ngokufanelekileyo kumisa ukuphazamiseka, kunye neetrayisi ezibanzi zinceda ngemisinga ephezulu. Kwizixhobo eziba shushu, sebenzisa iisinki zobushushu okanye iipads ukugcina iindawo zikhuselekile.
Icebiso: Ngaba ufuna isandi esingcono? Yiya kwi Udidi A okanye i-AB amplifiers. Ngaba ufuna ukonga amandla? Izandisi zodidi D ngoyena ubhejo lwakho.
FAQ
Loluphi olona didi lweamplifier lusebenzayo?
Izandisi zodidi lweD zezona zonga amandla. Basebenzisa iindlela zokutshintsha ukuthoba inkunkuma yamandla, ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%. Oku kuzenza zilunge kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu apho kubaluleke kakhulu ukonga amandla.
Yeyiphi iklasi yeamplifier enika owona mgangatho wesandi ubalaseleyo?
Ii-amplifiers zeKlasi A zibonelela ngesandi esicacileyo. Basebenza lonke ixesha ngexesha lomjikelo wesignali, ukugcina ukuphazamiseka kuphantsi kakhulu. Oku kubenza balungele iinkqubo zeaudio ezintle kunye nezitudiyo zobuchwephesha.
Ngaba izandisi zeKlasi C zingasebenza kwiinkqubo zomsindo?
Hayi, Izandisi zodidi C ayilunganga kwiinkqubo zeaudio. Babangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kuba basebenzela kuphela inxalenye encinci yomqondiso. Bangcono kwimisebenzi yeRF kunye nemisebenzi ephezulu yamandla apho isandi esicacileyo singafuneki.
Kutheni iiamplifiers zeKlasi ye-AB zixhaphakile kwiithiyetha zasekhaya?
Izandisi zodidi lwe-AB zidibanisa isandi esilungileyo kunye nokonga amandla. Banqumle ukugqwetheka ngezahlulo zesignali ezigqithe kancinci kwaye basebenzise amandla amancinci kunezandisi zeKlasi A. Oku kubenza babe lukhetho olukhulu lweethiyetha zasekhaya kunye nokuseta isandi sobuchule.
Ndisikhetha njani iamplifier efanelekileyo?
Cinga ngeyona nto uyidinga kakhulu. Ngesandi esicacileyo, khetha udidi A okanye i-AB amplifier. Ukonga amandla, khetha udidi D. Ukuba ufuna amandla awomeleleyo RF imisebenzi, hamba noKlasi C. Tshatisa iamplifier kumsebenzi wakho othile.
Icebiso: Jonga amandla esixhobo sakho kunye neemfuno zokusebenza phambi kokukhetha iamplifier.
