Habka falanqaynta aasaasiga ah ee op amps: wareegga furan ee furan, wareegga gaaban ee gaaban. Codsiyada opamp ee aan la aqoon, isticmaal habkan falanqaynta aasaasiga ah.
Op amps waa aaladaha si weyn loo isticmaalo. Marka lagu xidho shabakadaha jawaab celinta ku haboon, waxa loo isticmaali karaa sida saxan AC iyo amplifiers DC, filtarrada firfircoon, oscillators, iyo comparators koronto.
- Codsiga op amps ee shaandhaynta firfircoon
Jaantuska kore waa wareegga shaandhada firfircoon ee caadiga ah (Saron-Kayl circuit, nooc ka mid ah wareegga Butterworth). Faa'iidada shaandhaynta firfircooni waa in ay ka dhigi karto calaamado ka weyn burburka soo noqnoqda goynta si dhakhso ah, iyo sifooyinka shaandhaynta uma baahna awood sare iyo iska caabin.
Qodobbada naqshadeynta ee wareeggan waa: iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha buuxinta inta jeer ee goynta ku habboon, qiyamka iska caabinta ee R233 iyo R230 waa in loo doortaa sida ugu macquulsan, iyo awoodda C50 iyo C201 waa in loo doortaa si joogto ah (marka iska caabbinta iyo qiyamka awoodda ee wareegga laba-marxalad RC waa siman yihiin, waxaa loogu yeeraa Saron-ka-soo-saarka wareegga wareegga), marka la shaandheeyo aaladaha caadiga ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, iska caabiyaha R280 wuxuu ka hortagayaa gelinta in la hakiyo, taas oo keeni doonta wax soo saarka aan caadiga ahayn ee op amp.
Saddexda dalbashada labaad ee ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo shaandhada shaandhada hoose ee firfircoon ee shaandhaynta waa: Butterworth, mid keli ah hoos u dhacaya, qalooca fidsan oo siman;
Sida ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo shaandhaynta baasaaska hoose ee Butterworth waa wareegga Saron-Kayl, kaas oo ah wareegga la ekaysiiyay.
Shaandheeyaha, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato inta jeer ee goynteeda, ama waxaad qori kartaa shaqada wareejinta iyo jawaabta inta jeer.
Haddii filtarku uu sidoo kale leeyahay hawl-weynayn, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato faa'iidada shaandhada.
Marka caabbinta iyo qiyamka awoodda ee wareegga RC ee labada marxaladood ay siman yihiin, waxaa loo yaqaannaa wareegga Serenka. Jawaab celin taban ayaa lagu soo bandhigay wareegga labaad ee firfircoonida si loo sameeyo korantada wax soo saarka si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhaca tirada soo noqnoqda sare.
Faa'iidada baasaboorka ee wareegga labaad ee firfircoon ee wareegga shaandhada hooseeya waa 1 + Rf / R1, taas oo la mid ah wareegga shaandhada hoose ee dalbashada hoose;
Ogow in halbeegga m uu yahay ohm halka unugga N uu yahay u
Markaa inta jeer ee goynta ayaa loo xisaabiyaa inay noqoto
Chebyshev, oo si degdeg ah u qudhuntay, laakiin leh qulqulo ku jira baasaska;
Bessel (elliptical), isbeddelka wajigu wuxuu u dhigmaa inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda, dib u dhaca kooxuhuna waa mid joogto ah.
2. Codsiga op amp ee isbarbardhigga danabka
Wareegtani dhab ahaantii waa isku-darka isbarbardhigga eber-gudbinta iyo wareegga cod-weyneeye qoto dheer.
Wax soo saarka waxaa lagu kordhiyey (1+R292/R273). Markasta oo ay sare u kacdo qodobka xoojinta, ayaa kor u kacaya cidhifka kor u kaca ee hirka labajibbaaran.
Waxa kale oo jira qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qiimaha iska caabinta wareeggan oo u baahan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho, taas oo ah R275, taas oo go'aamisa xawaaraha kor u kaca ee mawjadda labajibbaaran.
3. Naqshadaynta wareegga isha ee joogtada ah
Sida ku cad shaxanka, habka falanqaynta mabda'a ee joogtada ah ee hadda jira waa sida soo socota:
U5B (Opamp hoose ee shaxanka sare) waa daba-gal danab, markaa V1=V4;
Marka loo eego mabda'a gaaban ee farsamada ee cod-weyneeye hawleedka, ee op amp U4A (sare op amp ee shaxanka kore): V3=V5;
Isku darka isla'egyada kore, waxaan helnaa:
Marka korantada tixraaca Vref lagu hagaajiyo 1.8V, resistor R30 waa 3.6, iyo wax soo saarka hadda waa joogto ah at 0.5mA.
Wareeggan isha ee joogtada ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu naqshadeeyo ilo joogto ah oo hadda jira oo kale. Fikradda aasaasiga ah waa: dhammaan iska caabiyeyaasha waxay u baahan yihiin inay isticmaalaan iska caabiyeyaasha sare ee saxda ah oo leh qiyamka caabbinta joogtada ah. Korontada tixraaca wax gelinta (iyadoo la adeegsanayo chip danab tixraac gaar ah) waxaa loo qaybiyaa qiimaha iska caabinta si loo helo hadda wax soo saarka.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, isticmaalka dhabta ah, si loo ilaaliyo wareegga isha ee joogtada ah, diode iyo resistor guud ahaan waxay ku xiran yihiin taxane ah dhamaadka wax soo saarka. Faa'iidada koowaad ee tani waa in laga hortago faragelinta dibadda si ay u soo gasho wareegga isha ee joogtada ah, taas oo keenta dhaawac soo gaadha wareegga isha ee joogtada ah, marka labaadna, in laga hortago in culeyska dibadda ahi uu gaaban yahay, si uusan u dhaawacmin wareegga isha ee joogtada ah.
5. wareegga cabbiraadda caabbinta kulaylka
Wareegga shaxanka sare waa wareegga cabbiraadda kulaylka caadiga ah/lammaanaha. Fikradda cabbiraadda waa: 1-10mA isha joogtada ah ee joogtada ah ayaa lagu daraa culeyska, kaas oo dhalin doona danab gaar ah culeyska, korontadu si firfircoon ayaa loo sifeeyaa. Ka dib markii la farsameeyo, calaamadda waa la hagaajiyaa (kordhinta calaamadaha ama attenuation), ugu dambeyntii calaamadda waxaa loo diraa interface ADC.
Markaad isticmaalayso wareeggan, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo codsashada ilaalinta dhammaadka gelinta. TVS waxaa lagu xidhi karaa si isbarbar socda, laakiin fiiro gaar ah u yeelo saamaynta capacitors ee saxnaanta cabbirka. Dabcan, haddii mararka qaarkood qiimo jaban, jaantuska wareegga sare waxaa loo fududayn karaa wareegga soo socda.
Isticmaalka cod-weyneyaasha hawlgalka, raacaha danabku waa codsi caadi ah. Faa'iidooyinka wareeggani waa: marka hore, waxay yaraynaysaa saameynta culeyska ee isha isha; labaad, waxa ay wanaajisaa awoodda ishaarooyinka uu ku qaadi karo culayska.
7.Codsiga tamarta halbeegga ah
Isticmaalka dhabta ah ee op amps, waxaanu guud ahaan isticmaalnaa sahayda korantada ee laba geesoodka ah si aan u ilaalino sifooyinka soo noqnoqda ee op amps-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mararka qaarkood isticmaalka dhabta ah, waxaan haysanaa hal koronto oo kaliya waxaanan sidoo kale gaari karnaa hawlgalka caadiga ah ee opamp.
Marka hore, waxaan isticmaalnaa op-amp follower circuit si aan u gaarno qaybiyaha korantada VCC/2:
Dabcan, haddii shuruudaha aan aad u sarreeyaan, waxaan si toos ah u qaybin kartaa danab la resistors si aad u hesho + VCC / 2, laakiin sabab u ah sifooyinka qaybinta danab resistor, ay xawaaraha jawaab celinta firfircoon noqon doonaa mid aad u gaabis ah, sidaas darteed fadlan si taxadar leh u isticmaal.
Ka dib markii aan helno +VCC/2, waxaan isticmaali karnaa hal koronto si aan u gaarno shaqeynta xoojinta calaamadaha, sida hoos ku cad:
Wareegtan, R66=R67//R68, faa'iidada wax-soo-saarka calaamaduhuna waa G=-R67/R68.
Codsiga gaarka ah waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka hoose: opamp waxa ku shaqeeya hal +5V_AD, danabka AD chip-kuna waa 3.3V (waxaa helay chip-kii danab REF3033). 3.3V waxaa loo qaybiyaa resistors waxaana ku xiga op amp si loo helo 1.65V, kaas oo la siiyo op amp's in-phase input terminal.
