I-PCBA hardware ukuklama kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kuhilela izixhumanisi eziningi. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile yezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha yakhiwa izigaba eziningana: ukwakheka kwehadiwe, okuhlanganisa umdwebo we-PCB, ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi lesifunda le-PCB, ukuthengwa kwengxenye nokuhlola, ukucubungula isichibi se-SMT, ukucutshungulwa kwe-plug-in, ukushiswa kohlelo, ukuhlola, ukuguga, nezinye izinqubo. Ake sichaze indima ye-DFM kulezi zixhumanisi.
1. I-Hardware Design Ihlanganisa Umdwebo we-PCB
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko komklamo wehadiwe ukuklama komdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulawula kagesi, ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zokulawula ugesi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwekhabhinethi yokulawula. Umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulawula kagesi uhlanganisa isifunda esiyinhloko kanye nesifunda sokulawula. Isifunda sokulawula sihlanganisa izintambo ze-I/O ze- PLC kanye nokuxhumana okuningiliziwe kwezingxenye ezizenzakalelayo nezandla. Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zikagesi ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe ezidingweni zokulawula, ezibandakanya izinkinobho, ukushintshwa, izinzwa, izinto zikagesi ezivikelayo, oxhumana nabo, izibani zezinkomba, ama-solenoid valve, njll.
Umsebenzi ohilelekile ekudwebeni kwe-PCB ukuguqula umdwebo wohlelo ube ifayela le-PCB lokwenza amapuleti (Isakhiwo se-PCB). Ngemuva kokuthi umklamo wohlelo usuqediwe, Isakhiwo se-PCB siklanywa ngokuhambisana nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezikhethiwe, futhi uhlu lwe-netlist oluhlelekile lungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze luklanywe futhi ludizayinwe izintambo emidwebeni yokwenza amapuleti e-PCB.
Kulesi sigaba, i-DFM ibalulekile ngoba imidwebo ye-PCB eklanyelwe ingase ingahlangabezani nezidingo zokwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kokwenziwa kwe-DFM kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda le-PCB lingakhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwekhono lenqubo yokukhiqiza.
2. PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing
Ngemva kokuthola i-oda le-PCB, ifayela le-Gerber liyahlaziywa, kuqashelwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhala sembobo se-PCB kanye nomthamo wokuthwala webhodi. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema izinkinga ezifana nokugoba noma ukuphuka. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zilandisa ngezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesignali yemvamisa ephezulu kanye nokuphazamiseka.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ibhodi lesekethe le-PCB, isofthiwe ye-DFM isetshenziselwa ukubala i-impedance, ukuhlanganiswa kwamapuleti, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwebhodi. Amafayela okukhiqiza ebhodi lesekethe adinga ukubhekwa ukuthi ayakwazi ukukhiqiza, futhi kuphela uma ehlangabezana namakhono enqubo adingekayo lapho ukukhiqizwa kungaqala.
3. Ukuthengwa Kwempahla kanye Nokuhlolwa
Ukuthengwa kwengxenye kudinga ukulawula okuqinile eziteshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zitholwa kubahlinzeki abahlonishwayo njengabahwebi abakhulu noma abakhiqizi bangempela (isb., i-magicpcb Mall), okugwema ukuthenga izinto ezisetshenziswayo noma zomgunyathi.
Kulesi sigaba, izinkinga ezifana namamodeli ezingxenye ezingalungile noma amagama ephakheji angalungile ngokuvamile ziyavela. I- wonderfulpcb DFM Services ingasiza ekugwemeni izinkinga ezinjalo ngokuhlola ngokuzenzakalelayo imodeli ye-BOM negama lephakheji. Ukwengeza, isofthiwe isebenzisa umtapo wolwazi ukufanisa izingxenye namaphakheji alungile, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezifanele zithengelwa umklamo.
4. I-SMT Assembly Processing
Ngaphambi Umhlangano we-PCB, i- wonderfulpcb DFM Services isetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuhlaziya kokuhlangana, ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona njengesikhala sengxenye esinganele, izingxenye ezisondele kakhulu onqenqemeni, nezikhonkwane nezingxenye ezingafani. Le ndlela yokusebenza ingagwema ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile.
Izici ezibalulekile ezifana nokuphrinta kwe-solder paste kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-oven kabusha kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yenqubo ye-solder. Ikhwalithi ye-laser steel mesh, kanye nesidingo sokuthi ezinye izimbobo zikhuliswe, zincishiswe, noma zilungiswe zibe izimbobo ezimise oku-U, kuncike ezimfuneko ze-PCB. Izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nokulawula isivinini ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kabusha i-soldering kubalulekile ukuze unamathisele unamathisele we-solder kanye nokuthembeka kwe-welding. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI (Automated Optical Inspection) kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhubazeka okubangelwa izici zomuntu.
5. I-plug-in Processing
Enqubweni ye-plug-in, idizayini yesikhunta se-wave soldering idlala indima ebalulekile. Onjiniyela kufanele baklame isikhunta ukuze bakhulise amathuba okukhiqiza imikhiqizo emihle ngemva kwenqubo yesithando somlilo. Lena indawo lapho onjiniyela be-PE ngokuvamile kudingeka bazilolonge futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo ngokusebenzisa isipiliyoni.
6. Ukushiswa kohlelo
Imibiko yangaphambi kwesikhathi ye-DFM ingaphakamisa ukusetha amaphoyinti okuhlola ku-PCB ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwesekethe ngemva kokuthi zonke izingxenye sezithengisiwe. Uma kungenzeka, ukushiswa kohlelo kungenziwa kusilawuli esikhulu se-IC kusetshenziswa izimbawula ezifana ne-ST-LINK noma i-J-LINK. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babone ngokuqondile izinguquko zokusebenza ezivela ezenzweni zokuthinta ezihlukahlukene, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokusebenza kwayo yonke i-PCBA.
7. PCBA Board Testing
Kuma-oda adinga ukuhlolwa kwe-PCBA, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:
- I-ICT (In Circuit Test)
- I-FCT (Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi)
- Ukuhlolwa kokushiswa (Ukuhlolwa kokuguga)
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Nomswakama
- Uhlolo Lokwehla
Lezi zivivinyo kufanele zilandele uhlelo lokuhlola lwekhasimende, futhi idatha yombiko ingafingqwa ukuze ihlaziywe.
Ngokuhlanganisa i- wonderfulpcb DFM Services kulezi zigaba ezibalulekile, onjiniyela bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imiklamo yabo yenzelwe ukwenziwa kahle nokuhlanganisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza.
