Ukukhiqiza ama-PCB ethusi esindayo kuveza ubunzima obukhulu bokukhiqiza konjiniyela. Izinselelo ziphakama lapho kunamathiselwa izingqimba zethusi eziwugqinsi, futhi ukulawula izinqubo zokucwenga kanye ne-lamination nakho kunzima. Ukukhetha impahla efanele kubalulekile, njengoba izinsimbi ezifana nethusi nethusi ziyabiza futhi kunzima ukusebenza ngazo. Ukubhoboza ithusi eliwugqinsi kungaholela emigodini emagebhugebhu noma amaphedi aqhekekile, kuyilapho ukucwiliswa kudinga ukulawula ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukuhlangana okubuthakathaka. Ama-PCB ethusi elisindayo avame ukusetshenziswa kugesi wamandla, ezezimoto, ezempi, emkhathini, nasezinhlelweni zamandla aluhlaza ngenxa yekhono lawo lokusingatha ukushisa okukhulu kwamanje nokushubile.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
Ama-PCB ethusi esindayo anezendlalelo zethusi eziwugqinsi. Bangakwazi ukuthwala okuningi kwamanje. Baphatha ukushisa kangcono. Zihlala isikhathi eside kunama-PCB ajwayelekile.
Ukwenza ama-PCB ethusi esindayo kunzima. I-etching, ukubhoboza, i-lamination, ne-coating kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Lezi zinyathelo zisebenzisa amasu athuthukile.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kubalulekile. Abantu basebenzisa ukuhlola okubonakalayo, ama-X-ray, nokuhlolwa kukagesi. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuthola amaphutha. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi ama-PCB ethusi esindayo asebenza kahle.
Ama-PCB ethusi esindayo asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi. Zikuma-electronics, izimoto, ezempi, i-aerospace, amandla avuselelekayo, nemishini. Bangakwazi ukuphatha amandla aphezulu kanye nezimo ezinzima.
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo ngokucophelela kuyadingeka. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanele kwenza ama-PCB ethusi esindayo aqine. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside. Iphinde yehlise ukwehluleka kanye nezindleko zokunakekela.
Iyini i-Heavy Copper PCB
Izici Key
A i-pcb yethusi esindayo ikhethekile ngoba inezingqimba zethusi eziwugqinsi. Abantu abaningi bathi i-pcb yethusi esindayo inethusi elingama-ounces angu-3 ngonyawo lwesikwele noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuwugqinsi okungama-micrometer angu-105. Ungabona izisindo zethusi ezijwayelekile nogqinsi kuthebula elingezansi:
Isisindo sethusi (oz) | Ukuqina Kwethusi (μm) |
|---|---|
3 oz noma ngaphezulu | Cishe i-105 μm |
Lawa mabhodi angathwala amanje kakhulu kunama-PCB avamile. Ziphinde zisuse ukushisa kangcono futhi zinamandla. Imiklamo ye-pcb ye-copper enamandla isetshenziswa lapho izinto zidinga ukwethembeka futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Onjiniyela bayawakhetha ngoba aphatha amandla aphezulu futhi awalinyazwa ukushisa.
Qaphela: Izendlalelo zethusi ezinzima ze-pcb zisiza ukumisa ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kubenza balungele imisebenzi enzima.
Okujwayelekile vs. Heavy Copper PCB
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-PCB ejwayelekile kanye ne-pcb yethusi esindayo ukushuba kwethusi nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ama-PCB ajwayelekile anezendlalelo zethusi ukusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2 ama-ounces ngonyawo lwesikwele. Izendlalelo ze-pcb zethusi ezinzima ziqala kuma-ounces angu-3 futhi zingaba mkhulu nakakhulu. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ziqhathanisa kanjani:
Property | I-Heavy Copper PCB | I-PCB ejwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
Ubunzima be-Copper | 3 oz/ft² nangaphezulu | 0.5–2 oz/ft² |
Ikhono Lamanje Lokuthwala | Kufika ku-200 A ngesiteshi ngasinye | Ngaphansi kuka-10 A ngesiteshi ngasinye |
Ukuqothuka Okushisa | Okuphakeme | Limited |
Ukuqina Komshini | High | Okuphansi |
Ukukhiqiza Process | Amasu akhethekile | Inqubo ejwayelekile |
Izicelo ezijwayelekile | Amandla, izimoto, izimboni | Ama-electronics abathengi |
Ubuchwepheshe be-pcb yethusi obunamandla buvumela ukugeleza okwengeziwe kwamanje futhi bugcine izinto zipholile. Kwesinye isikhungo sikagesi, onjiniyela babona ukuthi amabhodi e-copper pcb esindayo ahlala isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kathathu kunamabhodi avamile. Lokhu kusize ukunciphisa izindleko zesondlo ngo-40% eminyakeni emihlanu. Lawa maqiniso abonisa ukuthi kungani izimboni eziningi zisebenzisa i-pcb yethusi esindayo ngomsebenzi onzima.
Ubunzima Bokukhiqiza
Etching futhi Plating
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo adinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokucwilisa kanye ne-plating. I-etching evamile isebenzela ithusi elincanyana, kodwa ithusi eliwugqinsi lidinga izindlela ezahlukene. Abenzi basebenzisa ukuqopha ngokucophelela futhi benza ukucwenga izikhathi eziningi ukuze bathole ugqinsi lwethusi olufanele. Lezi zinyathelo zenza ibhodi libe nzima futhi libize imali eyengeziwe.
Ithusi eliwugqinsi lenza kube nzima ukulawula ukuchotshozwa. Maningi amathuba okuthi u-undercutting, okungahle konakale imigqa yethusi.
Amakhemikhali ahamba kancane ethusini eliwugqinsi, ngakho onjiniyela kufanele bashintshe inqubo ukuze bayeke amaphutha.
Umzuliswano owodwa we-etching noma i-plating akwanele ku-pcb yethusi esindayo. Ukwenza izikhathi eziningi kusiza ungqimba lwethusi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele.
Abaklami basebenzisa izikhala ezibanzi nemigqa emikhulu ukumisa izikhindi futhi ugcine ibhodi lisebenza kahle.
Ithiphu: Uma ithusi lingaphezu kuka-3 oz, abakhi kufanele basebenzise i-etching ekhethekile ne-plating ukuze bagcine ibhodi liqinile.
Lamination nokubekwa uphawu
I-Lamination yama-pcbs yethusi esindayo inzima. Ithusi eliwugqinsi kanye nezingqimba eziningi zidinga ukushisa okuphezulu nesikhathi eside ukuze zelashwe. Lokhu kusiza ibhodi ukuthi lihlale lizinzile, kodwa futhi kungabangela izinkinga.
Ezinye zezinkinga ezijwayelekile zokubeka i-lamination nokuvala uphawu yilezi:
I-Interfacial delamination: Izendlalelo zihlukanisiwe ne-lamination embi noma izinto ezingalungile.
I-Intra-layer delamination: Ungqimba olulodwa luyahlukana, ngokuvamile lusuka emanzini noma ekucindezelekeni kokushisa.
I-Surface delamination: Amabhamuza aphezulu noma amakheshi, okubangelwa ukunamathela okubuthakathaka noma isimo sezulu.
I-Delamination yangaphakathi: Amabala angenalutho ngaphakathi kusuka ku-resin embi noma izinto ezimbi.
I-Microscopic delamination: Izindawo ezincane ezingenalutho ezivela emaphutheni noma ukuphatha kabi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ukucindezeleka kokushisa, amanzi, izinto ezimbi, nokungcola. I-copper ewugqinsi ingagoba ngesikhathi i-lamination, ngakho ukuhlukana kufanele kube ngokufanele. Uma izendlalelo zingandi ngendlela efanayo, zingadonsa amaphedi, ziqhekeke imigqa, noma agobe ibhodi. Onjiniyela basebenzisa izikhala, izinto ezifanayo, nokuhlola ukushisa ukuze behlise lezi zingozi.
Izinselele Zokubhoboza
Ukumba ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo kuyakhohlisa. Ithusi eliwugqinsi liguga izinsimbi zokubhoboza ngokushesha futhi lenze ukuhlanza kube nzima. Onjiniyela bashintsha izilungiselelo zokumba, basebenzisa izimbobo isikhathi esincane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi babhoboze ngezinyathelo ukuze bagcine izimbobo zizinhle.
Izingcezu zokumba ziba buthuntu ngokushesha nge-copper ewugqinsi kanye ne-foil eqinile.
Izinto zokugcoba zisiza ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokususa ama-chips.
Ukuthatha noma ukwenza amaphedi angaphakathi abe makhudlwana kumisa ithusi ukuthi lingadonsi.
Ubunjiniyela be-CAM bushintsha osayizi bezimbobo ukuze buhlale bunembile.
Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukugcina izimbobo ziqinile futhi zinciphise amaphutha.
I-Solder Mask ne-Coating
Ukubeka imaski ye-solder kanye nezingubo kuma-pcbs ethusi esindayo kunzima kunamabhodi avamile. I-copper ewugqinsi yenza ubuso bube namaqhuqhuva, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola ijazi elilinganayo. Uma imaski ingaklelile kahle, amaphedi ethusi angabonakala noma amanye amachashaza angeke ambozwe, okungabangela izikhindi noma ukugqwala.
I-Bumpy finishes njenge-HASL yenza ukushuba kwemaski kungalingani.
Amabhamuza, ukuqhekeka, nokushintsha kombala kungenzeka uma ufaka noma usomiswa imaski, iyenze ibe buthaka.
Uma imaski incane kakhulu, ithusi lishiywa livuliwe; uma bukhulu kakhulu, kungalimaza indlela ibhodi elisebenza ngayo futhi liphole.
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo acwilisa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuqeda, okubangela ukushaqeka kokushisa. Lokhu kushaqeka kungenza i-mask ixebuke noma inamathele kancane.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi njengokuhlolwa kwezinti, ukuhlolwa komshini, nokuqina kokulinganisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imaski isebenza kahle.
Ikhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo adinga amasheke aqinile ngoba ayinkimbinkimbi. Abenzi basebenzisa ukubuka ngeso, ukuhlola komshini, ama-X ray, ukuhlola kukagesi, izithombe zokushisa, namabhodi okusika ukuze bahlole ngaphakathi.
Ukubuka ngeso nokuhlolwa komshini kuthola amaphutha angaphezulu, imihuzuko, nezingxenye ezingekho.
Ama-X-ray abonisa izinkinga zangaphakathi njengezindawo ezingenalutho, izingxenye ezisendaweni engafanele, nezinkinga zemigodi.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kubheka izikhindi, izindawo ezivulekile, nokumelana kwesokudla.
Izithombe ezishisayo zithola izindawo ezishisayo ezibonisa izinkinga ze-solder noma ukumelana.
Ukusika amabhodi kubonisa imininingwane yangaphakathi, kodwa kubhubhisa ibhodi.
Izinkinga ezivamile ezitholakalayo izimbobo zokunamathisela, asikho isikhala esanele onqenqemeni, amalunga abuthaka e-solder, izingcezu zethusi, nethusi elivulekile phakathi kwamaphedi. Ukuhlola ngokucophelela nezilawuli zenze amaphutha ayivelakancane, kodwa amanye ayenzeka ngoba ukwenza i-pcb yethusi esindayo kunzima.
Uhlobo Lwesici | Incazelo | Amasu Okuvikela |
|---|---|---|
Plating Voids | Ayikho insimbi eyanele emigodini epuletiwe | Gcina izinto zihlanzekile, yenza izindonga zembobo zibe bushelelezi |
Ukusulwa Komphetho Okwanele | Isikhala sincane kakhulu eduze konqenqema | Sebenzisa isikhala esiningi, hlola ukwakheka |
I-Cold Solder & Ukukhubazeka Okuhlangene | Ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka | Hlola inqubo, sebenzisa izinto ezingcono |
I-Etching-Related Copper Slivers | Izinsimbi zensimbi zixhuma imigqa | Lawula amaphethini, geza kahle |
I-Inter-Pad Copper eveziwe | Imaski ye-solder ayifaki ithusi | Imaski engcono, sebenzisa isikhala esiningi |
Qaphela: Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa komshini, ama-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, namabhodi okusika ndawonye athola izinkinga eziningi kuma-pcbs ethusi esindayo.
Izixazululo ze-Heavy Copper PCBs
Techniques Okuthuthukisiwe
Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile zokulungisa izinkinga nge ukwenza i-pcb yethusi esindayo. Lezi zindlela zisiza ukwenza amabhodi abe ngcono futhi athembeke kakhulu. Ezinye zezindlela ezingcono kakhulu yilezi:
Ubuchwepheshe be-etching obuhlukile busiza ukususa izingqimba zethusi eziwugqinsi ngokucophelela. Onjiniyela bashintsha izinyathelo ze-etching ukuze bagcine imigqa icocekile futhi iqinile.
Izilungiselelo ezingcono zokumba namathuluzi enza izindonga zembobo zibe bushelelezi. Lokhu futhi kumisa amaphedi ukuthi angaqhekeki futhi kugcina ibhodi liqinile.
Ukulawula ngokucophelela ukushisa nokucindezela phakathi ne-lamination kusiza i-resin flow kwesokudla. Lokhu kwenza izendlalelo zinamathele kahle futhi zivimbe ukuthi zingahlukani noma zigobe.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuqondile kususa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwebhodi. Lokhu kugcina impahla yebhodi iqinile futhi kusiza ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside.
Izinto ezikhethekile zokuhlanganisa nezindlela ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-soldering isebenza kahle, ngisho nangethusi eliningi.
Onjiniyela basebenzisa imishini emisha yokuqopha kanye ne-lamination. Bakhetha izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa nokucindezela okuningi. Lezi zindlela ezihlakaniphile zibavumele benze amabhodi e-copper pcb esindayo ngethusi elingaphezu kuka-10 oz/ft².
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo ngokucophelela kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni i-pcb yethusi esindayo. Ngokubuka isinyathelo ngasinye, abakhi bangathola amabhodi amahle kakhulu futhi bawenze ahlale isikhathi eside. Ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula inqubo yilezi:
Ukulawula ngokucophelela amakhemikhali nokushisa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kusiza ukumisa ukusika phansi futhi kugcina imigqa inosayizi ofanayo.
Ukubuka i-etch factor kusiza ibhodi ukuthi lihlale linosayizi olungile futhi lisebenze kahle.
Ukunamathela okuqinile phakathi kwethusi nesisekelo kumisa izendlalelo ukuthi zingahlukani noma zigobe.
Ukubhekisisa izikhathi zokubethela kanye ne-etching kwehlisa amaphutha.
Imishini ekhethekile nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe zisiza ukugcina izinga liphezulu.
Ukulawula ukuthi ibhodi likhula kanjani ngokushisa kanye nendlela eliphatha ngayo i-solder kuligcina lizinzile.
Ithiphu: Ukulawula inqubo okuhle kusho amabhodi amabi ambalwa kanye nemikhiqizo ye-pcb yethusi esindayo ehlala isikhathi eside.
Izicelo ze-Heavy Copper PCBs
Amandla kagesi
Heavy zethusi pcb amabhodi kubaluleke kakhulu amandla electronics. Onjiniyela bawasebenzisa ezintweni zikagesi, ezimotweni zikagesi, nama-inverter elanga. I-copper ewugqinsi ivumela lawa mabhodi ukuthi athwale wamanje futhi asingathe ukushisa kangcono. Lokhu kusiza amadivayisi ukuthi asebenze ngamandla amaningi ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu.
Ezinye izinzuzo eziyinhloko kuma-electronics amandla yilezi:
Kungcono ekususeni ukushisa kude nezingxenye.
Ingathwala ngokuphepha okwamanje.
Kuqinile kuzixhumi nezimbobo.
Ukwehluleka okumbalwa lapho kushisisa futhi kupholiswa. Isibonelo, izilinganiso zokuhluleka zingehla zisuka ku-32% ziye ngaphansi kuka-1% ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi.
Ama-Heatsink nama-transformer amakhulu angafakwa ngqo ebhodini.
Amabhodi angaba mancane ngokusebenzisa ugqinsi lwethusi oluhlukene.
Lezi zinto zisiza ukwenza amabhodi apholile futhi athembeke kakhulu. Yingakho amabhodi we-pcb esindayo asetshenziswa kumamojula wamandla namakhompyutha asheshayo.
Izithuthi
Abenzi bezimoto basebenzisa ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo ezimotweni zikagesi, amasistimu ebhethri, nezilawuli zezimoto. Lawa mabhodi kumele ahlale iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-12 ezindaweni ezinzima. Babhekana nokushisa, amakhaza, amanzi nokuzamazama. Abenzi bahlola ngokushisa, ukupholisa, nezivivinyo ezimanzi ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi ziphephile.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo ezimotweni:
Zithwala imisinga ephezulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezu kwama-amps angu-200.
Baqeda ukushisa kahle futhi bayeke ukushisa ngokweqile.
Idizayini eqinile ibasiza ukuthi basinde ekunyakazeni nasekuqhumeni.
Bahlangabezana nemithetho yekhwalithi eqinile efana ne-ISO 9001:2015.
Imboni yezimoto isebenzisa ama-pcbs amaningi ethusi esindayo. Njengoba izimoto zikagesi nezinhlelo zokushayela ezihlakaniphile zikhula, kudingeka amabhodi amaningi. Lawa mabhodi asebenza kangcono futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kunalawo ajwayelekile.
Ibutho lezempi kanye ne-Aerospace
Izinhlelo zezempi nezendawo zidinga amabhodi angahluleki. Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo asetshenziswa ezindizeni, kumasathelayithi, amathuluzi endiza, nemisakazo yokuzivikela. Lawa mabhodi kufanele aphathe amandla amaningi futhi asinde ezindaweni ezinyakazayo nasezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile yilezi:
Amandla ezindiza zempi
Isathelayithi negiya lomkhathi
Amathuluzi endiza nawokuzulazula
Ama-drones namarobhothi ezempi
Imisakazo yezokuvikela kanye ne-radar
Izidingo ezibalulekile yilezi:
Ukuthwala eziningi zamanje
Kuhle ekususeni ukushisa
Iqinile ngokumelene nokushaqeka nokuqhaqhazela
Ukugcina amasignali ecacile futhi engaguquki
Ukuhlangabezana nemithetho yezempi efana ne-MIL-STD-461
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo angasebenzisa izendlalelo ezimbalwa zamandla, enze imiklamo ibe lula. Bahlala isikhathi eside emisebenzini enzima, ngakho bayadingeka emisebenzini ebalulekile.
Amandla avuselelekayo
I-solar nezinhlelo zomoya zisebenzisa ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo ukuphatha amandla aphezulu. Isibonelo, inverter yelanga ingase idinge ukuthwala ama-amps angu-50 noma ngaphezulu. Amabhodi anethusi elingu-6-8 oz angenza lo msebenzi.
Imisebenzi esemqoka kumandla avuselelekayo:
Phatha amandla amaningi ngaso sonke isikhathi
Sebenza kahle ngaphandle ekushintsheni isimo sezulu
Siza ukushintsha futhi ugcine amandla
Hlala uqinile futhi uhlale iminyaka eminingi
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo axazulula izinkinga ezifana nokushisa, okwamanje kakhulu, nokucindezeleka. Basiza amasistimu elanga, umoya, namabhethri ukuthi asebenze ngokuphepha, ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni
Izimboni zidinga amabhodi akwazi ukuthwala amanzi amaningi futhi agcine ukushisa nokuzamazama. Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo asetshenziswa kwiziguquli zamandla, izilawuli zezimoto, izitimela, i-UPS, nemishini yokushisela.
Imishini Yezimboni Esebenzisa I-Heavy Copper PCBs | Izinzuzo Zokusebenza |
|---|---|
Iziguquli zamandla | Ingathwala okwamanje okwengeziwe |
Izilawuli zezimoto | Kungcono ekushiseni okunyakazayo |
Iziguquli zamandla elanga | Iqine futhi iqine |
Amasistimu wokudonsa ujantshi | Okuthembeke kakhulu ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokushisa |
Amasistimu e-UPS | Ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa amasekhethi aphezulu wamanje nokulawula |
Amasistimu avusa amadlingozi wabalawuli bamandla | Iphatha amandla amakhulu nokushisa |
Izinhlelo ze-HVAC | Imelana nokuthuthumela nokucindezeleka |
Amabhlogo we-Fuse | Ihlala izinzile ezindaweni ezinzima |
Izilungisi zamandla aphezulu | Igcina ukushisa nokuthuthumela |
Imishini yokushisela | Isusa ukushisa futhi ihlale iqinile |
Ama-pcbs ethusi esindayo asiza imishini ukumelana nokushisa futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Abadingi ukulungiswa njalo. Ukwakheka kwazo okuqinile kuzisiza ukuthi zikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzamazama, ukushisa nokusebenzisa, ukuze imishini ihlale isikhathi eside. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kwemisebenzi yasefekthri enzima.
Abenzi banezinkinga eziningi lapho benza i-pcb yethusi esindayo. Kumelwe benze i-etching, i-drilling, ne-lamination ngokucophelela. Ukushintsha inqubo kusiza ibhodi ukuthi lihlale isikhathi eside. Iphinde inqande ukushisa ukuthi kungadala umonakalo. Ukukhetha ugqinsi lwethusi olufanele kubalulekile. Lokhu kusiza ibhodi ukuthi lisebenze kahle futhi lihlale liqinile.
Emisebenzini enzima, lawa mabhodi anikeza amandla angaguquki futhi angakwazi ukubhekana nezindawo ezimbi.
Lapho ukhetha umenzi, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlola izitifiketi zabo. Kufanele futhi ubheke ukuthi amanye amakhasimende athini. Qiniseka ukuthi basebenzisa imishini emihle futhi banikeze usizo oluqinile.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yisiphi isizathu esiyinhloko sokusebenzisa ama-PCB ethusi esindayo?
Onjiniyela bakhetha ama-PCB ethusi esindayo ngoba aphethe amanje amaningi. Lawa mabhodi nawo asusa ukushisa kahle. Basebenza ezindaweni ezinzima futhi bahlala isikhathi eside kunama-PCB avamile. Ama-PCB ethusi esindayo ethembekile ngokwengeziwe ngemisebenzi enzima.
Ijiyile kangakanani ithusi ku-PCB yethusi esindayo?
Ama-PCB ethusi elisindayo anethusi elingama-ounces angu-3 ngonyawo lwesikwele ngasinye noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuwugqinsi okungama-micrometer angu-105. Ama-PCB ajwayelekile anezendlalelo zethusi ezacile kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimboni ezisebenzisa ama-PCB ethusi esindayo kakhulu?
Ama-PCB ethusi elisindayo asetshenziswa kugesi kagesi, ezimotweni, ezempi, ezindizeni, namandla aluhlaza. Lezi zinkambu zidinga amabhodi aqinile amandla aphezulu nokushisa.
Ingabe ama-PCB ethusi esindayo abiza kakhulu ukuwakhiqiza?
Yebo, ama-PCB ethusi esindayo abiza kakhulu ukwenza. Basebenzisa ithusi elengeziwe nezindlela ezikhethekile zokuzakha. Izinyathelo ezingeziwe ezifana nokubhala, ukubhoboza, kanye ne-lamination zikhuphula intengo.
Abakhiqizi bahlola kanjani ikhwalithi yama-PCB ethusi esindayo?
Abenzi basebenzisa izindlela eziningi ukuhlola ikhwalithi:
Ebuka ibhodi
Ukusebenzisa imishini ukuhlola amaphutha
Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray
Ukuhlola ngogesi
Lawa masheke asiza ekutholeni izinkinga futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ibhodi lilungile.
