Izendlalelo ze-Gerber zingamafayela ezithombe ze-vector ngazinye. Lawa mafayela atshela ukuthi i-Printed Circuit Board yakho izobukeka kanjani. Amafayela e-Gerber atshela izici ezibonakalayo njenge-traces zethusi, ama-solder masks, kanye ne-silkscreen. Abakhiqizi be-PCB basebenzisa lawa mafayela ukulawula isinyathelo ngasinye sokukhiqiza. Ubheka lezi zendlalelo ezibekwe kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, kanye nezendlalelo ezingezansi eziboniswe ngendlela yokwenziwa okunembile.
Amafayela Ngamunye Wesendlalelo Ngasinye
Ingxenye ngayinye yangempela ye-PCB yakho idinga ifayela layo le-Gerber. Njengokuthi, kumele ube namafayela ahlukene ethusi eliphezulu, ithusi elingezansi, upende wamaski okusoda, amagama amhlophe e-silkscreen, kanye nezendlalelo zokunamathisela. Uma i-PCB yakho iyizendlalelo eziningi, udinga namafayela ezendlalelo zethusi elingaphakathi! Isendlalelo ngasinye siyifayela elihlukile. Lokhu kusiza ifektri ukuthi isebenze engxenyeni ngayinye yodwa.
Ukubuka Izingqimba ze-Gerber
Uma ubheka lawa mafayela usebenzisa isibukeli esikhethekile esiku-inthanethi, isofthiwe iwabonisa wonke eqoqwe kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Lokhu kufana nokubuka ebhodini elenziwe ngengilazi ecacile! Lo mbono uyakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ama-pad, ama-via, kanye nama-trace aqondaniswe kahle kuzo zonke izendlalelo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele amafayela efektri ukuze akhiqizwe.
Izithombe Zesendlalelo Ezinhle Nezimbi
Izendlalelo ze-Gerber zisebenzisa izithombe ezinhle noma ezimbi. Izendlalelo ezinhle zibonisa ukuba khona kwethusi njengezindawo ezigcwele—ezivamile ezingqimbeni zethusi lapho iminonjana nama-pads kubonakala sengathi aqinile. Izendlalelo ezimbi zisebenza ngokuphambene—izindawo ezigcwele zibonisa ukungabikho. Isendlalelo semaski esihlanganisiwe Amafayela e-Gerber asebenzisa izithombe ezimbi, okusho ukuthi izindawo ezigcwele zimelela izikhala lapho ithusi lihlala liveziwe khona.
Imihlangano Yokuqamba Izinga kanye Nezandiso Zamafayela
Izandiso zefayela le-Gerber ezijwayelekile zilandela amaphethini abikezelwayo. Ithusi eliphezulu livame ukusebenzisa i-.GTL, ithusi elingezansi lisebenzisa i-.GBL, kanye nama-solder mask asebenzisa i-.GTS kanye ne-.GBS. Amathuluzi esofthiwe ahlukene asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuqamba amagama—Izingqimba ze-Kicad Gerber zisebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa kuyilapho izingqimba ze-gerber ezivela ku-altium zilandela olunye. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kuvimbela ukudideka lapho uhlela iphakheji yakho yokukhiqiza.
Izendlalelo Zethusi
Ungqimba Lwethusi Oluphezulu
Isendlalelo se-gerber yethusi esiphezulu siqukethe zonke izici zokuhambisa umoya ebusweni obungaphezulu bebhodi lakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-signal traces, ama-component pads, ama-copper pours, kanye nezingxenye eziphezulu ze-vias. Uma uthumela izingqimba ze-gerber, ifayela le-GTL lichaza ukuthi ithusi lihlala kuphi ngemva kokuqopha.
Isendlalelo Sethusi Esingezansi
Isendlalelo sakho se-gerber yethusi esingezansi sibonisa umsebenzi wesendlalelo esiphezulu kodwa ngaphansi kwebhodi. Lesi sendlalelo sibonakala siphendukile ngokuvundlile uma sibukwa ngombono ophezulu. Zonke izinsalela eziseceleni elingezansi, ama-pad, kanye nokugcwalisa kwethusi kuhlala kulesi sendlalelo.
Izendlalelo Zesignali Zangaphakathi
Amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi afaka amafayela e-gerber angaphakathi phakathi kwethusi eliphezulu nelingaphansi. Lezi zingqimba ziphethe izimpawu ezengeziwe noma zinikeza isikhala esikhethekile sokuhambisa. Uzibiza ngokuthi i-G1, i-G2, i-G3, njalo njalo, ngokusekelwe endaweni yazo esitakini. Ingqimba ngayinye yesignali yangaphakathi idinga ifayela layo le-gerber ukuze yenziwe.
Amandla Nezindiza Zaphansi
Izindiza zamandla nomhlabathi zivame ukusebenzisa izithombe ezingezinhle. Kulawa mafayela e-gerber angaphakathi, izindawo ezigcwele zimelela ukususwa kwethusi kunokuba khona kwethusi. Le fomethi engezinhle ichaza kahle ukuthululwa okukhulu kwethusi okunezikhala zama-vias kanye neminonjana.
Lokho Okuqukethwe Yizingqimba Zethusi
Zonke izendlalelo zethusi zichaza izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezici. Imigqa emincane ixhumanisa izingxenye. Amaphedi ahlinzeka ngezindawo zokufaka izintambo zezingxenye kanye namajoyinti e-solder. Ama-Vias adala ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ama-copper purs agcwalisa izindawo ezinkulu zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, izindiza zomhlaba, noma ukuphathwa kokushisa.
Izendlalelo zeMask ezithengiswayo
Isendlalelo Semaski Esiphezulu Esihlanganisiwe
Isendlalelo se-gerber se-solder mask sitshela ngokubekwa kwesembozo esivikelayo endaweni engaphezulu yebhodi lakho. Inhloso yalesi sendlalelo ukuvimba amabhuloho e-solder ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa nokuvikela iminonjana yethusi ekungcolisweni nasekulinyazweni ngokomzimba.
Isendlalelo Semaski Esingaphansi Sokusongelwa
Imaski yakho yesolder engezansi isebenza ngendlela efanayo nesendlalelo esiphezulu kodwa ivikela ingaphansi. Zombili izendlalelo zemaski yesolder zilandela indlela efanayo yokuthwebula izithombe ezingezinhle.
Ukuqonda Umqondo Wesithombe Esibi
Izingqimba zemaski ye-solder zidida abaklami abaningi ngoba zisebenzisa izithombe ezingezinhle. Izindawo ezigcwele kumafayela akho emaski ye-gerber solder zibonisa ukuvuleka—izindawo lapho imaski ye-solder ingeke isetshenziswe khona. Lezi zimbobo ziveza ithusi ukuze kunamathiselwe izingxenye kanye namaphuzu okuhlola.
Kuchazwe Ukuvuleka Kwemaski Yesolder
Izimbobo zemaski ye-solder ziyavela noma kuphi lapho ibhodi lakho lidinga khona ithusi eliveziwe. Ama-component pad adinga izimbobo zokunamathisela. Izindawo zokuhlola zidinga izimbobo zokufinyelela ku-probe. Izixhumi zomphetho zidinga ithusi eliveziwe ukuze zihlanganiswe. Isofthiwe yakho yokuklama ikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo lezi zimbobo ngokusekelwe ku-pad nangezindawo.
Imibala Neziphetho Zemaski Yesolder
Nakuba amafayela e-gerber echaza izindawo zokuvula, abakhiqizi banquma umbala bese beqeda ngokwahlukana. Oluhlaza luhlala luwumbala wemaski we-solder ovame kakhulu, yize abakhiqizi benikeza izinketho ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, nezinye. Isakhiwo sefayela le-gerber sihlala sifana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala ukhetha ini.
Izendlalelo zeSilkscreen
Isendlalelo Esiphezulu Sesikrini Sesilika
Isendlalelo se-gerber se-silkscreen esiphezulu siqukethe izimpawu eziphrintiwe ezibonakalayo ebhodini lakho eliqediwe. Lesi sendlalelo sivame ukubonakala simhlophe noma siphuzi emabhodini aluhlaza kodwa singahluka ngokukhetha imibala yemaski ye-solder.
Isendlalelo Sesikrini Sesilikhi Esingezansi
Isikrini sesilika esingezansi senza umsebenzi ofanayo nesikrini sesilika esiphezulu kodwa sivela ngaphansi. Imiklamo eminingi enohlangothi olulodwa ayiwufaki nhlobo lo ngqimba njengoba inganikeli inani elisebenzayo.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Silkscreen
Isendlalelo sakho se-Gerber se-silkscreen sibaluleke kakhulu kochwepheshe bokuhlanganisa.
Lolu ngqimba lunezinto eziningi, njenge:
- Amagama ezingxenye ezifana no-R1, C2, no-U3
- Izimpawu ze-polarity zama-diode nama-capacitor.
- Isikhombisi sephini 1 sama-chip ayinhloko.
- Ilogo yenkampani uqobo.
- Nemiyalelo yokuthi ungalihlanganisa kanjani ibhodi.
Kungani Isikrini Esingezansi Sibonakala Sibukisiwe
Uma ubuka izendlalelo ze-gerber kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, isikrini se-silk esingezansi sibonakala siphendukile ngokuvundlile. Lokhu kulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo ufundwa kahle uma uphendukisa ibhodi ngokoqobo.
Uma Izendlalelo Zesikrini Se-Silk Zingakhethwa
Ungakha ama-PCB ngaphandle kwezingqimba zesikrini sesilika. Imiklamo elula, amabhodi anesikhala esincane, noma imikhiqizo lapho izimpawu ziphazamisa ubuhle zingase zingayifaki nhlobo isikrini sesilika. Abakhiqizi bayazamukela imiklamo enesikrini sesilika esingekho ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Izendlalelo ze-Solder Namathisela
Isendlalelo Sokunamathisela Esiphezulu
I-gerber yemaski yokunamathisela ephezulu ichaza ukuvuleka kwe-stencil kokusetshenziswa kokunamathisela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-solder. Lolu ngqimba luvela kuphela kumiklamo esebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufaka ubuso (SMT).
Isendlalelo Sokunamathisela Esingezansi
Isendlalelo sakho sokunamathisela esingezansi sisebenza ngendlela efanayo nesendlalelo sokunamathisela esingaphezulu kodwa sichaza ukuvuleka kwe-stencil kwezingxenye ze-SMT ezingezansi.
Inhloso Yokukhiqiza I-Stencil
Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amafayela e-gerber e-paste mask ukwenza ama-stencil ensimbi nepulasitiki. Ekuhlanganisweni kwe-PCB, abakhiqizi be-PCB bavumelanisa i-stencil nebhodi lakho. Banamathisela i-solder nge-squeegee ngokusebenzisa izimbobo kuma-pad.
Umehluko Wosayizi Phakathi Kokuvuleka Kwemaski Ye-Paste Ne-Solder
Izimbobo zesendlalelo sokunamathisela ngokuvamile zincane kancane kunezimbobo zemaski yokunamathisela ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kunciphisa kulawula ivolumu yokunamathisela yokunamathisela, kuvimbela ukunamathisela okweqile okungabangela ukuhlangana. Abanye baklama ukuhlukanisa ama-pads amakhulu abe yizimbobo eziningi ezincane zokunamathisela ukuze banciphise ivolumu yokunamathisela.
Izicelo Zomhlangano we-SMT
Amabhodi adinga ukuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo kuphela adinga izendlalelo zokunamathisela. Imiklamo embobo noma ama-prototype ahlanganiswe ngesandla kuphela angashiya lezi zendlalelo. Uma udala izendlalelo ze-gerber zokukhiqiza i-SMT, faka njalo zombili izendlalelo zokunamathisela uma unezingxenye ezinhlangothini zombili.
Izingqimba Zokubhoboza Nomzila
Amafayela Okubhoboza Afakwe Imbobo Enezimbobo
Amafayela okubhoboza e-PTH acacisa izindawo zemigodi kanye nosayizi wemigodi eboshwe. Lezi zimbobo zithola i-copper plating ngesikhathi sokwenziwa, okudala ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba. Ama-component lead, ama-via, kanye nama-test points asebenzisa imigodi eboshwe.
Amafayela Okubhoboza Angenazimbobo Ezingafakwanga
Amafayela okubhoboza e-NPTH achaza imigodi engakafakwanga ipulasitiki. Imigodi yokufaka, imigodi yamathuluzi, kanye nezici zemishini ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imigodi engafakwanga ipulasitiki ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kukagesi okungafuneki.
Ngezingqimba Zokubhoboza
Kuvela izimbobo kufayela lakho lokubhoboza le-PTH kodwa kufeza injongo ethile—ukuxhumana kwezingqimba kunokuba kufakwe izingxenye. Amafayela akho e-gerber achaza ngobukhulu bephedi ezingqimbeni zethusi kuyilapho izingqimba zokubhoboza zichaza ububanzi bembobo.
Kuyimpumputhe Futhi Kungcwatshwe Ngedatha Yokubhoboza
Imiklamo ethuthukisiwe enezingqimba eziningi ingafaka ama-vias angaboni noma ama-vias agqitshwe. Lokhu kudinga idatha ekhethekile yokubhoboza echaza ukuthi yiziphi izingqimba ngayinye ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumeka, okwandisa ubunzima bokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko.
Amafayela e-NC Drill vs. Amafayela e-Gerber
Ulwazi lokubhoboza luvame ukusebenzisa ifomethi ye-Excellon kunefomethi ye-gerber. Lawa mafayela e-.drl noma i-.txt asebenzisa i-syntax ehlukile kodwa asebenzela injongo efanayo—ukutshela imishini yokubhoboza ukuthi idale kuphi imigodi nokuthi ingakanani i-bit okufanele isetshenziswe.
Ifomethi ye-Excellon Ichazwe
Ifomethi ye-Excellon ibala izixhumanisi zokubhoboza kanye nokwabiwa kwamathuluzi kumbhalo we-ASCII. Inombolo ngayinye yamathuluzi ihambelana nobubanzi obuthile be-drill bit. Ifomethi yefayela isukela emishinini yokubhoboza emidala ye-NC kodwa ihlala iyindinganiso yemboni.
Izendlalelo Zemishini Nezemibhalo
Isendlalelo Sohlaka Lwebhodi
Isendlalelo sakho sohlaka lwebhodi sichaza ubukhulu obubonakalayo kanye nesimo se-PCB yakho. Ngaphandle kwalesi sendlalelo, abakhiqizi abakwazi ukunquma ukuthi bawahambisa kuphi amabhodi ngamanye kusuka kumaphaneli okukhiqiza. Leli fayela le-gerber ngokuvamile liqukethe isandiso se-.GKO noma se-.GM1.
Izendlalelo Zemishini Zezimbobo Nezinqunyiwe
Izendlalelo zemishini zichaza izici ezingezona zikagesi njengezikhala zokufaka, iziqeshana ezinkulu zezibonisi noma izixhumi, kanye nezimo zebhodi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uzifaka lokhu kuphakheji yakho yokwenziwa kanye nezendlalelo ezijwayelekile ze-gerber.
Isendlalelo Sokugcina Ngaphandle
Izendlalelo zokugcina zingangeni zichaza izindawo ezivinjelwe lapho izingxenye noma umzila kungenakuba khona. Nakuba ngokuyinhloko kungumthetho wokuklama, abakhiqizi bangacela lolu ngqimba ukuthi baqonde imikhawulo yokuhlanganisa noma izidingo zokuhlelwa kwephaneli.
Izendlalelo Zemibhalo
Izendlalelo zemibhalo zinikeza ulwazi olufundwa ngabantu olungasetshenziswa ngqo ekwenziweni. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izilinganiso, amanothi, noma imiyalelo yokuhlanganisa ehambisana nolwazi lwakho lwesikrini se-silkscreen.
Izendlalelo Zokudweba Ze-Drill
Imidwebo yokubhoboza ikhombisa izindawo zemigodi, osayizi, kanye nezinhlobo ngendlela ebonakalayo onjiniyela abangayichaza kalula. Lolu ungqimba lugcwalisa amafayela okubhoboza afundeka ngomshini, lusiza abakhiqizi ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwemigodi ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
Amanothi Okukhiqiza Nemiyalelo
Ungafaka imiyalelo ekhethekile yokwenziwa njengezendlalelo zombhalo noma zokudweba. Lawa manothi achaza izinto zokwakha, ukuqeda, izidingo zokuhlola, noma eminye imininingwane yokukhiqiza engafakwanga ezingqimbeni ezijwayelekile ze-gerber.
Izendlalelo ze-Gerber ezikhethekile
Izendlalelo Zomhlangano
Izendlalelo zokuhlanganisa zibonisa uhlaka lwezingxenye, izifanekiso zezinkomba, kanye nolwazi lokubekwa. Nakuba zifana nesikrini se-silk, izendlalelo zokuhlanganisa zisebenzela ukukhiqiza kunokuphawula ibhodi lokugcina. Ngokuvamile uthumela lezi zinto ngokwehlukana nezendlalelo ezijwayelekile ze-gerber.
Izendlalelo ze-V-Cut/Scoring
Izendlalelo ezisikiwe nge-V zichaza ukuthi abakhiqizi kufanele babhale kuphi ibhodi lakho ukuze kube lula ukulihlukanisa namaphaneli. Lokhu kusikwa okune-engeli kuvumela ukuphula amabhodi ngemigqa enqunyiwe ngaphandle kokuqondisa.
Izendlalelo Zeminwe Yegolide
Imiklamo yezixhumi zomphetho idinga izendlalelo zeminwe yegolide ezichaza ukuthi yimaphi ama-pad athola i-plating yegolide eqinile. Lokhu kuqeda okukhethekile kunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kokuguguleka kwezixhumi ezihlanganiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Izendlalelo Zokugoba Unqenqema
Izendlalelo zeplati yonqenqema zikhomba imiphetho yebhodi edinga iplati yethusi. Le ndlela idala izindawo ezihambisa umoya eceleni kwemingcele yebhodi ukuze kuvikelwe noma kuqhubeke ugesi.
Izendlalelo Zamaphuzu Okuhlola
Izendlalelo zamaphuzu okuhlola zikhomba amaphedi noma ama-via athile aklanyelwe ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo. Lolu lwazi lusiza abakhiqizi ukuhlela izinto zokuhlola kanye nemishini yokuhlola endizayo.
Ukubalwa Kwezingqimba kanye Nobunzima be-PCB
Amafayela e-Gerber e-PCB Esendlalelo Esisodwa
Imiklamo yengqimba eyodwa ayidingi amafayela amaningi e-gerber. Isibonelo, kukhona ungqimba olulodwa lwethusi, imaski eyodwa yokusoda, isikrini se-silkscreen esingakhethwa, uhlaka lwebhodi, kanye nefayela lokubhoboza. Ngemva kwalokho, amabhodi alula abiza kancane futhi ungawakhiqiza ngokushesha.
Amafayela e-PCB Gerber anezingqimba ezimbili
Amabhodi anezingqimba ezimbili afaka ithusi elingezansi, imaski yokubopha engezansi, kanye nesikrini sesilika esingezansi esingakhethwa kusethi yamafayela. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kufaneleka kakhulu kumadizayini amaningi ebhizinisi athanda izinto zokuzijabulisa kanye nalawo ayinkimbinkimbi kancane.
Amafayela e-PCB Gerber anezingqimba eziningi
Manje, sixoxa ngalokho okwenzekayo uma i-PCB yakho inezendlalelo eziningi!
Uma unezendlalelo eziningi ku-PCB, iphakheji yakho ye-Gerber nayo iyakhula. Ibhodi elinezendlalelo eziyisithupha linamafayela ethusi ephezulu, izendlalelo ezine zangaphakathi, kanye nethusi elingezansi, kanye namafayela emaski yokubopha, isikrini se-silkscreen, kanye nezendlalelo zokunamathisela. Eminye imiklamo enzima kakhulu inezendlalelo ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu! Ngayinye idinga ifayela layo le-Gerber.
Indlela Ukubalwa Kwezingqimba Okuthinta Ngayo Amandla Okuklama
Lezi zendlalelo ezengeziwe zikunikeza isikhala esengeziwe sokuhambisa umzila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungazihlanganisa izingxenye ndawonye futhi wenze amasekethe ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izendlalelo zangaphakathi zingasetshenziswa njengezindiza ezikhethekile zamandla nomhlabathi. Lokhu kwenza ikhwalithi yesignali ibe ngcono futhi kusiza ekumiseni umsindo kagesi.
Umehluko Wokusebenza Ngokusekelwe Ekubalweni Kwezingqimba
Ukubalwa kwezingqimba eziphakeme kuvumela umzila we-impedance olawulwayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okungcono, kanye nobuqotho besignali obuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kwandisa izindleko, isikhathi sokukhiqiza, kanye nobunzima bokuklama. Kufanele ukhethe ukubalwa kwezingqimba ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zikagesi kunokukhetha okungahleliwe.
Izandiso Zefayela Le-Common Gerber Layer
| Uhlobo Lobumba | Isandiso | Okusho |
| Ithusi Eliphezulu | .GTL | Isendlalelo Esiphezulu se-Gerber |
| Ithusi Elingezansi | .GBL | Isendlalelo Esingezansi SikaGerber |
| Imaski Ephezulu Yesolder | .GTS | Imaski ye-Gerber Top Solder |
| Imaski Engaphansi Yesolder | .GBS | Imaski ye-Gerber Bottom Solder |
| Isikrini esiphezulu seSilkscreen | .GTO | I-Gerber Top Overlay |
| Isikrini sikasilika esingezansi | .GBO | Isembozo Esingezansi SikaGerber |
| I-Top Solder Paste | .GTP | I-Gerber Top Paste |
| I-Solder Paste Engezansi | .GBP | I-Gerber Bottom Paste |
| Uhlaka Lwebhodi | .GKO | Ukugcina Ngaphandle kweGerber |
| Ifayela Lokubhoboza | .DRL / .TXT | Drill Idatha |
Izandiso Ezijwayelekile
Izandiso ezijwayelekile zemboni zitshela ubunikazi besendlalelo. Isibonelo, i-GTL ilandisa ngethusi eliphezulu, ithusi eliphansi le-.GBL, imaski ye-.GTS ephezulu ye-solder, imaski ye-.GBS phansi ye-solder, isikrini se-.GTO phezulu se-silkscreen, kanye nesikrini se-.GBO phansi se-.GBO. Izendlalelo zangaphakathi zisebenzisa i-.G1, .G2, .G3, njalo njalo.
Izandiso Zesendlalelo se-KiCad
Uma uthumela izingqimba ze-gerber kusuka ku-KiCad, isofthiwe isebenzisa izandiso ezichazayo. Lezi yi-.F.Cu yethusi yangaphambili, i-.B.Cu yethusi yangemuva, i-.F.Mask yemaski yesolder yangaphambili, kanye ne-.B.Mask yemaski yesolder yangemuva. Lo mkhuba wokuqamba amagama uthuthukisa ukufundeka kodwa uhlukile ezindinganisweni zendabuko.
I-KiCad isebenzisa uhlelo lokuqamba amagama olunengqondo kakhulu olufaka igama lesendlalelo ngqo kusandiso.
- Copper: .F.Cu, .B.Cu
- Imaski yeSolder: .F.Mask, .B.Mask
- Isikrini sesilika: .F.SilkS, .B.SilkS
- Ukusikwa Komphetho: .Ukusika.Umphetho
Izandiso Zezingqimba Zomklami we-Altium
I-Altium ivame ukulandela indinganiso ye-Protel kodwa isebenzisa i-.GM1, .GM2, njll., ukuze Izendlalelo ZemishiniNgokuvamile, i-.GM1 isetshenziselwa uhlaka lwebhodi esikhundleni se-.GKO.
Izandiso Zesendlalelo Sokhozi
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Eagle gerber layers kusebenzisa i-.cmp yethusi ephezulu, i-.sol yethusi elingaphansi, i-.plc yesikrini se-silkscreen, kanye ne-.stc yemaski ye-solder. Lezi zandiso zivela kumagama amadala e-PCB.
- Ithusi Eliphezulu: .cmp
- Ithusi Elingezansi: .sol
- Isikrini se-Silk esiphezulu: .plc
- Imaski Ephezulu Yesolder: .stc
Isandiso se-.GBR Esijwayelekile
Amanye amasofthiwe athumela zonke izendlalelo ngezandiso ze-.gbr ezijwayelekile. Athembele kumagama amafayela kunezandiso zokuhlonza izendlalelo. Le ndlela idinga ukuhlela amafayela ngokucophelela kanye nokucacisa amagama ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka.
Ngenxa yokudideka okubangelwe yizo zonke lezi zandiso ezahlukene, imboni yadala I-Gerber X2.
- Isandiso: Ifayela ngalinye liphela ngo-.GBR.
- Isebenza kanjani: Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi “ungqimba” luyini empeleni lubhalwe kanje imethadatha ngaphakathi kwefayela.
- Inzuzo: Asikho isidingo sokubhekana nokukhathazeka mayelana nezandiso nhlobo; isofthiwe yomenzi ifunda amathegi angaphakathi ukuze ibone izendlalelo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuhlaziya Izendlalelo ze-Gerber
Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Gerber Viewer
Amathuluzi ezingqimba zesibukeli se-gerber zamahhala akuvumela ukuthi uhlole amafayela akho ngaphambi kokwenziwa. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa izendlalelo ngazinye noma ukubukwa okuhlanganisiwe, okukusiza ukuqinisekisa inhloso yokuklama. Izinketho ezidumile zifaka phakathi izibukeli zefayela le-gerber eziku-inthanethi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ezingalandwa.
Inqubo Yokuhlola Izendlalelo Ngezendlalelo
Kufanele uhlole ungqimba ngalunye ngokuzimela. Isibonelo, uzoqinisekisa ububanzi bomkhondo, ukuvuleka, kanye nokubekwa kwesici. Hlola ukuthi izendlalelo zethusi ziqukethe umzila olindelekile, izifihla-buso ze-solder zinezimbobo ezifanele, futhi umbhalo wesikrini se-silk uhlala ufundeka futhi ubekwe kahle.
Ukuqhathanisa Izendlalelo Zokuqondanisa
Ukuqondanisa izingqimba ze-Gerber kubalulekile kumabhodi asebenzayo. Sebenzisa isibukeli sakho ukuze umboze izingqimba eziningi, uhlole ukuthi ama-pads ahambisana yini nezingqimba zemaski zethusi kanye ne-solder, ama-vias axhuma izingqimba ezihlosiwe, futhi abhoboze imigodi phakathi kahle nama-pads.
Ukuhlonza Imisebenzi Yezingqimba
Ngezinye izikhathi uthola amafayela e-gerber angacaci kahle. Umhleli wezingqimba ze-gerber usiza ekutholeni imisebenzi yezingqimba ngokuhlola okuqukethwe—izingqimba zethusi ziqukethe ama-trace nama-pad, ama-solder mask abonisa ukuvuleka okungekuhle, umbhalo wesikrini se-silkscreen kanye nemidwebo.
Ukuboniswa kwe-2D vs. 3D
Ababukeli be-gerber abathuthukile banikeza umbono we-3D, bebonisa ibhodi lakho njengoba lizovela lapho lenziwa. Lo mbono usiza ekuboneni izinkinga zokususa, ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye, kanye nokukhathazeka kobuhle okungabonakali ekubukeni kwe-2D.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Ezihlobene Nezingqimba
Izendlalelo Ezidingekayo Ezingekho
Inkinga evame kakhulu ukuntuleka kwezingqimba ze-gerber kuphakheji yakho yokukhiqiza. Abakhiqizi abakwazi ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwamafayela ohlaka lwebhodi. Ukuntuleka kwemaski ye-solder noma amafayela okubhoboza kudala ukungaqondakali mayelana nezinhloso zakho. Ngaphambi kokuthumela, qinisekisa ukuthi iphakheji yakho inazo zonke izingqimba ezibalulekile.
I-Layer Polarity Engalungile
Amaphutha e-layer polarity ayenzeka lapho izingqimba ezinhle zithunyelwa njengezingafanele noma okuphambene nalokho. Leli phutha livame ukuthinta izingqimba zemaski ye-solder, lapho i-polarity engalungile idala amabhodi anesembozo semaski esiphendukezelwe—ukumboza lapho kufanele kuvuleke khona futhi kuvuleke lapho kufanele kumboze khona.
Izendlalelo Ezingaqondani Kahle
Izingqimba ze-Gerber ezingahambisani namaphuzu ahlukene okuqala zibangela ukungalungi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ezinye izingqimba zibhekisela ohlelweni olulodwa lokuxhumanisa kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa izingqimba ezihlukile. Umphumela uba amaphedi ethusi angagxili ngaphansi kwezimbobo zemaski ye-solder noma imigodi yokubhoboza engekho amaphedi ahlosiwe.
Ukuqanjwa Kwezingqimba Okungafanele
Amagama amafayela angacacile abangela ukudideka kanye namaphutha okukhiqiza angaba khona. Lapho abakhiqizi bengakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi ifayela elimele ungqimba luni, ukukhiqizwa kuyama kuze kucaciswe. Sebenzisa izindlela ezicacile nezijwayelekile zokuqamba amagama ukuze uvimbele lokhu kubambezeleka.
Ukudideka kwe-Solder Mask vs. Paste Layer
Abaklami ngezinye izikhathi badida imaski yokuhlanganisa kanye nezendlalelo zokunamathisela, bethumela eyodwa lapho abakhiqizi bedinga enye. Imaski yokuhlanganisa ichaza ukugqoka kwebhodi okuhlala njalo kuyilapho izendlalelo zokunamathisela zakha ama-stencil esikhashana okuhlanganisa. Lokhu kufeza izinjongo ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokuphathwa Kwezingqimba Ze-Gerber
Ukuqinisekisa Zonke Izendlalelo Ezidingekayo Zifakiwe
Ngaphambi kokuthumela amafayela, dala uhlu lokuhlola lwezendlalelo ezidingekayo. Izidingo ezincane zifaka phakathi ithusi eliphezulu, uhlaka lwebhodi, kanye nefayela lokubhoboza. Amabhodi anezendlalelo ezimbili anezendlalelo zethusi eliphansi futhi ngokuvamile womabili amamaski okusoda. Imiklamo ye-SMT idinga izendlalelo zokunamathisela. Amabhodi anezendlalelo eziningi adinga zonke izendlalelo zethusi zangaphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa Izimiso Zokuqamba Ezihambisanayo
Yamukela uhlelo lokuqamba amagama olucacile bese ulusebenzisa njalo kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi. Faka umsebenzi wesendlalelo, futhi uma kuwusizo, igama lephrojekthi egameni ngalinye lefayela. Lo mkhuba uvimbela ukudideka lapho usebenza ngemiklamo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Iziqondiso Zokubhala Imibhalo Yezingqimba
Dala ifayela lombhalo elilula elifaka zonke izingqimba ze-gerber ezifakiwe nezincazelo. Leli fayela le-readme lisiza abakhiqizi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathole amaphakheji aphelele futhi baqonde noma yiliphi igama elingajwayelekile olisebenzisile.
Ukudlulisela Izidingo Zesendlalelo Kubakhiqizi
Xhumana nomkhiqizi wakho ngaphambi kokuqedela izendlalelo ze-gerber ze-pcb fab. Izikhungo ezahlukene zinezinketho ezahlukene zamafomethi amafayela, amagama, kanye nokuhlela amaphakheji. Ukuvumelanisa nezidingo zazo kuvimbela ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza.
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Ngaphambi Kokuthunyelwa
Layisha iphakheji yakho ephelele ye-gerber kumbukeli bese wenza ukuhlola okujulile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu bebhodi buhambisana nenhloso yakho yokuklama. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izendlalelo zihambisana kahle. Hlola ukuthi ukuvuleka kwemaski ye-solder kuveza ama-pads ahlosiwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo wesikrini se-silkscreen awudluli ama-pads noma awudluli emaphethelweni ebhodi. Buyekeza imigodi yokubhoboza ukuze uthole osayizi kanye nokubekwa okufanele. Lokhu kuhlola kuthola izinkinga eziningi zezendlalelo ze-gerber ngaphambi kokuthi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa.
Isiphetho
Isendlalelo ngasinye se-gerber senzelwe injongo ethile yokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa i-PCB. Amafayela e-gerber ethusi aphezulu naphansi achaza izindlela zokuhambisa umoya. Izendlalelo zemaski ye-solder zivikela ithusi ngenkathi zidalula amaphuzu abalulekile okuxhumanisa. Izendlalelo zesikrini se-silk ziqondisa ukuhlanganiswa nokugcinwa. Izendlalelo zokunamathisela zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-solder okuzenzakalelayo. Amafayela okubhoboza achaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezendlalelo. Ndawonye, lezi zendlalelo zefomethi ye-gerber zinikeza abakhiqizi imiyalelo ephelele yokwakha amabhodi akho.
