Isahluli sombane sikunceda ukwaphule i-voltage enye ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci anezixhasi. Unokusebenzisa iisekethe zokwahlulahlula amandla ombane ukufumana ii-voltages ezahlukeneyo kumthombo wamandla omnye. Cinga ngezixhasi ezibini ezidityaniswe emgceni. Ukuba ujonga i-voltage phezu kwe-resistor enye, ufumana kuphela inxalenye yombane wonke. Olu cwangciso lulula lukuvumela ukuba unike amandla kwizixhobo zoluvo okanye ezinye izinto zombane ezifuna amandla ombane asezantsi.
Iisekethe ze-Voltge Divider
inkcazelo
Iisekethe zokuhlukanisa i-Voltage zinceda ukwahlula amandla ombane abe ngamanani amancinci. Ezi sekethe sebenzisa resistors ukwenza amandla ombane ahlukeneyo kumthombo wamandla omnye. Udibanisa abaxhathisi ngokulandelelana ukwakha isiphaluka. Umbane wehla kwi-resistor nganye. Unokujonga i-voltage kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwisekethe. Ngale ndlela, ufumana amandla ombane afunekayo kuluvo okanye ezinye izinto zombane.
Umsebenzi oSisiseko
Iisekethe ze-Voltage divider zabelana nge-voltage iyonke phakathi kwezixhasi. Ubeka abaxhathisi kumgca, okanye uchungechunge. Umbane uyahlukana ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso lesichasi ngasinye. Ukufumana amandla ombane asezantsi, linganisa isixhasi esinye kuphela. Ungatshintsha amandla ombane ngokukhetha amaxabiso ahlukeneyo okumelana. Oku kwenza ukuba iisekethe zezahluli zombane zibe luncedo iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-elektroniki.
Ingcebiso: Iisekethe ze-Voltage divider zinokwenza izinto ezifuna amandla ombane omncinci kunamandla akho aphambili.
Umzekelo olula
Nanku umzekelo olula. Unebhetri enika i-9 volts. Ufuna kuphela i-3 volts kwinzwa. Ungasebenzisa i-resistors ezimbini ukwenza i-voltage divider circuit. Ukuba zombini izichasi ziyafana, i-voltage iyahlukana ngokulinganayo. I-resistor nganye ifumana i-4.5 volts. Ukuba i-resistor enye inkulu, ifumana amandla amaninzi.
Nanku umzobo olula:
[Battery]---[R1]---[R2]---[Ground]
| |
Vout 0V
I-R1 kunye ne-R2 zombini zizixhasi.
I-Vout yivolyutha oyijonga kwi-R2.
Umbane webhetri wohlukana phakathi kwe-R1 ne-R2.
Ungasebenzisa le sekethi ukufumana i-voltage oyifunayo. Zama ukusebenzisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo okumelana ukuze ubone ukuba umbane utshintsha njani. Iisekethe zesahluli se-Voltage ikuvumela ukuba ulawule amandla ombane kwiiprojekthi zakho.
I-Voltge Drop kunye nokubala
Umthetho ka-Ohm
Unokusebenzisa umthetho we-ohm ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka njani ukwehla kwamandla ombane kwisekethe yesahluli sombane. Umthetho ka-Ohm uthi i-voltage ilingana namaxesha angoku ukumelana. Ukuba une-resistor kwisekethe, i-voltage yehla kuyo yonke ixhomekeke kwi-current kunye nexabiso lokumelana. Ungabhala inxaki ngolu hlobo:
V = I × R
Ukuba uyayazi igalelo lombane kunye ne amaxabiso resistor, ungafumana okwangoku. Yangoku ihlala iyafana nge-resistor nganye kwisekethe yochungechunge. Ungasebenzisa umthetho we-ohm ukufumana umlinganiselo wokuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-resistor nganye.
Qaphela: Umthetho we-Ohm unceda ukuba uqikelele ukuba ingakanani i-voltage yombane oza kuyifumana kwisahluli sombane wakho.
Umthetho kaKirchoff
Umthetho we-voltage weKirchoff unceda ukuba ubone indlela i-voltage ehlukana ngayo kwisekethe. Lo mthetho uthi i-voltage iyonke ejikeleze iluphu evaliweyo ilingana no-zero. Ukuba udibanisa yonke i-voltage yehla kwisekethe yochungechunge, ilingana nombane wokufaka. Ungasebenzisa umthetho wombane we-kirchoff ukujonga umsebenzi wakho xa usakha isahluli sombane.
Umzekelo, ukuba uneendlela ezimbini zokuchasa kwisekethe kunye ne-voltage yegalelo, isixa se-voltage yehla kwi-resistor nganye ilingana nombane wokufaka. Oku kukunceda ukuba uqiniseke ukuba i-equations ye-voltage divider ichanekile.
Amanani alinganayo aphambili
Kufuneka usebenzise i-equation efanelekileyo ukufumana i-voltage ephumayo kwi-voltage divider. I-equation engundoqo yesahluli sombane esichasayo ezibini sijongeka ngolu hlobo:
Vout = Vin × (R2 / (R1 + R2))
IVin yivolthi yegalelo.
I-Vout yi-voltage yemveliso.
I-R1 sisixhasi sokuqala.
I-R2 sisixhathisi sesibini.
Le nxaki ibonisa indlela i umlinganiselo wokuhla kwamandla ombane zixhomekeke kumaxabiso aphikisayo. Ungatshintsha imveliso ngokukhetha izixhasi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana langoku kwisekethe, sebenzisa le nxaki:
I = Vin / (R1 + R2)
Unokusebenzisa ezi nxaki ukuyila eyakho isekethe esahluli sombane.
umqondiso | meaning |
|---|---|
Vin | igalelo ombane |
Vota | yemveliso ombane |
R1 | Isichasi sokuqala |
R2 | Isichasi sesibini |
I | Current |
Isampulu yokubala
Makhe sizame isampuli yengxaki. Ufuna ukufumana i-voltage ephumayo yee-volts ezi-3 ukusuka kwi-input voltage ye-5 volts. Usebenzisa izichasi ezimbini kwisekethe yakho. I-R1 yi-2 kΩ. I-R2 yi-3 kΩ.
Bhala i-equation ye-voltage divider:
Vout = Vin × (R2 / (R1 + R2))Nxibelela amaxabiso:
Vout = 5 × (3 / (2 + 3)) Vout = 5 × (3 / 5) Vout = 5 × 0.6 Vout = 3 volts
Ufumana i-voltage ephumayo ye-3 volts. Umlinganiselo wokuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-R1 ne-R2 yi-2:3. Ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-R1 ziivolthi ezi-2. Ukuhla kwamandla ombane ukunqumla kwi-R2 ziivolthi ezi-3. Ukuhla kwamandla ombane ewonke alingana nombane wokungenisa.
Unokufumana kwakhona umsinga kwisekethe:
I = Vin / (R1 + R2)
I = 5 / (2 + 3)
I = 5 / 5
I = 1 mA
Ingcebiso: Ngalo lonke ixesha khangela ukuba isixa-mali sombane esihlayo kwisixhasi ngasinye silingana nombane wokungenisa. Oku kugcina isekethe yakho ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza.
Unokusebenzisa ezi zibalo ukuyila iisekethe zokwahlulahlula amandla ombane kwiinzwa, ii-LED, okanye ezinye izinto zombane. Zama ukutshintsha amaxabiso e-resistor ukuze ubone ukuba umbane ophumayo utshintsha njani. Uya kubona ukuba i-voltage drop ratios ichaphazela njani imveliso.
Ukusetyenziswa okuFanekayo kwezahluli zombane
10% Imigaqo
Xa usebenza ngeesekethe ze-voltage divider, kufuneka ucinge ngomgaqo we-10%. Lo mgaqo uyakunceda ukuba uqiniseke ukuba wakho Uyilo lwesekethe ikunika amandla ombane owufunayo. Umgaqo we-10% uthi umthwalo oqhagamshelwe kwisahluli sombane wakho kufuneka utsale ngaphantsi kwe-10% yangoku equkuqela kwisahluli. Ukuba ulandela lo mgaqo, ugcina i-voltage ephumayo iqinile. Uyaluphepha utshintsho olukhulu kumbane xa uqhagamshela isixhobo.
Ingcebiso: Soloko ujonga umlinganiselo wangoku phakathi komthwalo wakho kunye nesahluli. Oku kugcina i-voltage yakho ichanekile.
Iziphumo zomthwalo
Ukulayisha iziphumo kwenzeka xa uqhagamshela isixhobo kwisahluli sombane wakho. Isixhobo sisebenza njengenye i-resistor kwisekethe. Esi sixhasi esongezelelweyo sitshintsha ukuchasana ngokupheleleyo kunye nomlinganiselo wombane. Ukuba umthwalo utsala kakhulu ngoku, i-voltage ephumayo iyehla. Uyabona le ngxaki kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zoyilo lwesekethe. Ukuphepha ukulayisha iziphumo, kufuneka khetha amaxabiso resistor ezigcina amandla ombane asondele kwithagethi yakho.
Nantsi itheyibhile ekhawulezayo ukubonisa ukuba ukulayisha iziphumo kuyitshintsha njani imveliso:
Ukunyangwa komthwalo | Output Voltage | Utshintsho lwesilinganiselo |
|---|---|---|
phezulu | Uhlala uzinzile | Small |
low | amathontsi | ezinkulu |
Umzekelo woYilo
Makhe sijonge kumzekelo woyilo osebenzisa umthetho we-10%. Ufuna ukufumana i-volts ezi-5 ukusuka kumthombo we-12-volt kwinzwa. Uluvo lwakho ludinga i-1 mA. Uqala uyilo lwakho lwesekethe ngokukhetha umsinga wesahluli. Ukuba ufuna ukuba isahluli sangoku sibe ubuncinane be-10 mA, umlinganiselo womthwalo wangoku ukuya kwi-dider current yi-1:10. Usebenzisa i-equation ye-voltage divider ukufumana amaxabiso okumelana. Ujonga i-voltage kunye nenzwa yakho eqhagamshelweyo. Ukuba i-voltage ihlala isondele kwii-volts ezi-5, uyilo lwakho lusebenza. Ukuba akunjalo, ulungelelanisa amaxabiso okumelana kunye nokuphinda inkqubo.
Khumbula: Uyilo olululo lwesekethe luhlala lujonga iziphumo zokulayisha kwaye lusebenzisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wombane ozinzileyo.
Uyabona usetyenziso olusebenzayo lwezahluli zombane kwiisekethe ze-sensor, ulawulo lwe-audio, kunye negalelo le-microcontroller. Xa ulandela umthetho we-10%, wenza i-voltage divider circuit ithembeke ngakumbi. Usebenzisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye namanyathelo oyilo ukugcina amandla akho ombane azinzile kwiiprojekthi zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Ubunzulu beeSekethe zeVoltage Divider
I-Voltge Ladder
Unokwakha ileli yombane ngokudibanisa i-resistors ezininzi ngokulandelelana. Esi sakhiwo sikhangeleka njengeeleli zeleli. Isichasi ngasinye sisebenza njengenyathelo. Udibanisa enye isiphelo seleli ukuya kumthombo wombane kunye nesinye isiphelo emhlabeni. Umbane wehla kancinci kwinqanaba ngalinye. Olu seto lukunceda ukuba ufumane amanqanaba ombane amaninzi ahlukeneyo kumthombo omnye.
Ileli yombane ikunika ngaphezu kwee-voltages ezimbini. Unokungena kwisekethe kwindawo nganye phakathi kwe-resistors. Impompo nganye ikunika amandla ombane owahlukileyo. Oku kwenza ileli yombane ibe luncedo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. Uhlala ubona oku kwi-analog-to-digital converters okanye iisekethe zoluvo. Ukuzinza kwenyathelo ngalinye lombane kuxhomekeke kumaxabiso ochasayo owakhethayo.
Ingcebiso: Sebenzisa izixhasi zexabiso elilinganayo kumanyathelo ombane kwileli yakho.
Node Ukubala
Ungafumana amandla ombane kwindawo nganye kwileli yombane usebenzisa izibalo ezilula. Qala ngokubala inani elipheleleyo labaxhathisi. Ukuba usebenzisa i-resistors yexabiso elilinganayo, i-voltage yehla ngokulinganayo kwindawo nganye. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba une-resistors ezine kunye nomthombo we-12-volt, inyathelo ngalinye lilahla i-3 volts.
Nantsi indlela ekhawulezayo yokubala i-node voltages:
Bala inani lilonke lezinto ezixhathisayo (N).
Yahlula i-voltage iyonke nge-N ukufumana ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-resistor nganye.
Phindaphinda-phinda ukuhla ngenani lamanyathelo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwindawo yakho.
Nantsi itheyibhile yeleli enezinyathelo ezine enomthombo we-12-volt:
INode | IVV (V) |
|---|---|
0 | 0 |
1 | 3 |
2 | 6 |
3 | 9 |
4 | 12 |
Ungasebenzisa le ndlela kuyo nayiphi na ileli yombane. Oku kukunceda uyile iisekethe ezinamaqondo ombane azinzileyo kwindawo nganye. Izinto ezintsonkothileyo ze iisekethe zokwahlula amandla ombane caca xa ubona indlela inyathelo ngalinye elichaphazela ngayo uzinzo kunye nemveliso yesekethe yakho.
Ufundile ukuba iisekethe zezahluli zombane zenza njani ii-voltages ezahlukeneyo. Ubuye wafunda ukusebenzisa izibalo ukufumana amandla ombane kunye nangoku. Ukukhetha amaxabiso e-resistor afanelekileyo kunceda ukugcina umbane uzinzile. Oku kwenza umsebenzi wakho wesiphaluka ube ngcono. Zama ukwenza esakho isahluli sombane okanye ileli yombane.
Sebenzisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo okumelana ukubona okwenzekayo.
Jonga amandla ombane kwindawo nganye kwisekethe yakho.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi, zama i-simulators yesekethe ye-intanethi okanye izixhobo zokusebenzisa izandla.
FAQ
Yintoni isahluli sombane kwaye kutheni usisebenzisa?
I-voltage divider yahlula i-voltage kwiindawo ezincinci. Uyisebenzisela izinto zamandla ezifuna amandla ombane amancinci. Ikunceda wenze ii-voltages ezahlukeneyo zeenzwa okanye ii-microcontrollers.
Ukhetha njani amaxabiso okumelana nesahluli sombane?
Khetha amaxabiso okumelana ukuze ufumane amandla ombane oyifunayo. Sebenzisa i-equation ye-voltage divider ukuze ikuncede. Zama i-resistor pairs ezahlukeneyo de ufumane umbane ochanekileyo. Ngale ndlela, unokuseta i-voltage yeprojekthi yakho.
Ngaba isahluli sombane singenza imithwalo enzima?
Musa ukusebenzisa isahluli sombane kwimithwalo enzima. I-voltage ephumayo iyehla ukuba umthwalo usebenzisa kakhulu ngoku. Njalo khangela umthwalo kwaye ulandele umthetho we-10%. Oku kugcina isahluli sakho sombane sisebenza kakuhle.
Kutheni isiphumo sitshintsha xa uqhagamshela isixhobo kwisahluli sombane?
Ukuqhagamshela isixhobo songeza esinye isixhasi kwisekethe. Oku kutshintsha ukuchasana ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-voltage ephumayo. I-Voltage drop ratios ikunceda ukuba uqikelele ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ngemithwalo eyahlukeneyo.
Uzibona phi iisekethe zezahluli zombane kubomi bokwenyani?
Ubona iisekethe zezahluli zombane kwiisekethe zoluvo kunye nolawulo lomsindo. Zikwakhona kumagalelo e-microcontroller. Ezi sekethe zikunceda ukuba ufumane amandla ombane afanelekileyo kwindawo nganye. Usebenzisa izahluli zombane kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zombane.
