Ngaba ukhe wacinga malunga nokuba i-chip enye inokuyisebenzisa njani i-microwave yakho, imoto, okanye iwotshi ehlakaniphile? I Texas Instruments TMS1000 yaphuma ngo-1971. Yatshintsha i-electronics ngokubeka iprosesa, imemori, kunye negalelo / imveliso kwi-chip enye. Lo mbono mkhulu wenza izixhobo zibe zincinci kwaye kulula ukuzenza. Ngoku, unokubona ii-microcontroller kwizinto ezininzi ezikungqongileyo.
Ngo-2021, iinkampani zathumela malunga I-31 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi zolawulo oluncinci ehlabathini lonke.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Microcontrollers beka ukuqhubekeka, inkumbulo, kunye negalelo/imveliso kwitshiphu enye. Oku kwenza izixhobo zibe zincinci. Ikwabenza bangabizi kakhulu.
Ixesha le-8-bit microcontroller likhule ngokukhawuleza. Ezi chips zineethoyi kunye nezixhobo zombane. Zisathandwa ngenxa yokuba zibiza kancinci.
I-16-bit kunye ne-32-bit microcontrollers zisa amandla amaninzi. Bancedisa ukwenza izixhobo ezikrelekrele kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye noshishino.
Izilawuli ezincinci zanamhlanje zineefitsha ezifana neWi-Fi kunye neBluetooth. Ezi zivumela izixhobo zithethane kwaye zabelane ngedatha kakuhle.
I-AI kwi-microcontrollers inceda iingcamango ezintsha zikhule. Oku kukhokelela kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele nezonga amandla kusetyenziso oluninzi.
Imvelaphi yeMicrocontrollers
Uyilo lwangaphambili
I-Microcontrollers yaqala ekuqaleni kwe-1970s. Iinjineli zazifuna ukuba izinto zombane zibe ncinane kwaye zikhawuleze. Kwakhona babefuna ukuba kube lula ukuzakha. Ngaphambi kwee-microcontrollers, izixhobo zasebenzisa iichips ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi chips eziphathwayo processing, inkumbulo, kunye negalelo / imveliso. Oku kwenza iimveliso zaba nkulu kwaye zabiza imali eninzi. Ukubeka yonke into kwitshiphu enye kwatshintsha i-electronics. Yenze ukuyila nokusebenzisa izixhobo kube lula kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa i-single-chip microcontrollers kwenza izinto zancinci kwaye zabiza. Ubungasafuni malungu amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Oku kwanceda ii-microcontroller ukuba zidume ngokukhawuleza.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluye lwanceda:
Uhlobo lokuqhubela phambili | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Ungabeka iprosesa, imemori, kunye ne-I/O kwitshiphu enye. | |
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yeMOS | Amalungu amaninzi angena kwitshiphu kwaye asebenza ngcono. |
EEPROM kunye neFlash memory | Ungagcina iinkqubo kwaye uzihlaziye ngokulula. |
Abalawuli abancinci bokuqala njenge-TMS1000 basebenzise uyilo lweHarvard. Babenenkumbulo engaphezulu kunezixhobo zakudala zokuqiqa. Ububona ukuba zincinci, zinexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye kulula ukuyilwa.
I-N-MOS 8048 kunye ne-MC6801
IiMicrocontrollers ziye zabangcono ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970. I-Intel yenza i-N-MOS 8048 ngo-1976. Le chip yayiyimpucuko enkulu. IMotorola yenza iMC6801 ngo-1978. UGeneral Motors wayefuna iMC6801 kwimithetho emitsha yemoto. I-MC6801 isetyenziswe kwimitha ye-TripMaster ye-1978 Cadillac Seville.
I-MC6801 yayine-CPU eyomeleleyo kwaye yenza izibalo ezininzi. Abathengi bayithandile le nto.
Ekuqaleni koo-1980, iGeneral Motors yasebenzisa i-25,000 Motorola microcontrollers kwiimoto yonke imihla.
I-Intel kunye ne-Motorola bakhuphisana kwaye yenza iimicrocontroller zibengcono.
Olu tshintsho lwenza ukuba ii-microcontroller zibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye iluncedo. Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-semiconductor incede kakhulu. Imizi-mveliso efana neemoto ifuna ii-microcontroller ezingcono. La manyathelo okuqala ancede i-microcontroller ikhule kwaye iphucule.
I-8-Bit Microcontroller Era
Ukukhula kweNtengiso
Imarike ye-microcontroller yakhula ngokukhawuleza kwixesha le-8-bit. Ngasekupheleni kwee-1970 kunye nee-1980, iinkampani ezifana ne-Intel, i-Atmel, kunye ne-Microchip zenze i-8-bit microcontrollers. Ezi chips zitshintshe izinto ezininzi emhlabeni. Baba yinxalenye ephambili ngaphakathi kweemveliso ezininzi. Unokuzifumana kwizinto zokudlala, kwiikhalityhuleyitha nakwiikhompyutha zokuqala. I-8-bit microcontroller yahlala idumile iminyaka emininzi. Yayilukhetho oluphambili kwiinkqubo kude kube ngu-2011.
Ubusazi? Iibhiliyoni ze-8-bit microcontrollers zithengiswa rhoqo ngonyaka. Oku kwenze ukuba ibe lelinye lawona malungu e-elektroniki aphumeleleyo.
Ngeli xesha, ii-microcontrollers ziye zancinci kwaye zincinci. Ungathenga ezi chips ngexabiso eliphantsi. Oku kuncede abantu abaninzi kunye neenkampani ukuba bazisebenzise kuyilo lwabo. Utshintsho kwi-microcontroller ngeli xesha lukhokelele kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele neziqhagamshelwe ngakumbi.
Usetyenziso kunye neMpembelelo
I-8-bit microcontroller isetyenziswe kwizinto ezininzi. Banika amandla izixhobo zasekhaya, ulawulo olukude, kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo yokuqala. Ungazifumana nakwiimoto, apho zilawula izibane kunye neewiper. Ezi zilawuli ezincinci zenze iimveliso zisebenza ngcono kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-8-bit microcontroller:
Ummandla weSicelo | Iimveliso zemizekelo |
|---|---|
Electronics Consumer | Iirewuthi zeTV, iithoyi |
ishishini | Abalawuli beemoto, iimitha |
Automotive | Dashboards, abenzi boluvo |
Itekhnoloji yeMicrocontroller yenza ezi mveliso zikrelekrele. I-8-bit microcontroller itshintshe indlela osebenzisa ngayo izinto zemihla ngemihla. Njengoko i-microcontroller iphucula, ubone izinto ezintsha kunye nokusebenza okungcono. Eli xesha libonise ukuba ii-microcontroller zinokungena naphi na. Baba yinxalenye enkulu yobomi bale mihla.
I-16-Bit kunye ne-32-Bit Microcontrollers
UkuPhathwa kwamandla
I-Microcontrollers yatshintsha kakhulu kwi-1990s. Iitships ezintsha ze-16-bit kunye ne-32-bit zaphuma. Ezi chips zasebenza ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili. Banokwenza imisebenzi enzima kwaye basebenzise idatha eninzi. I-16-bit microcontroller yayikhawuleza kune-8-bit enye. I-32-bit microcontroller yayinamandla ngakumbi. Abantu basebenzisa ezi zinto kwizinto ezifana nezixhobo zonyango kunye noomatshini abakhulu.
Icebiso: A I-32-bit microcontroller inokusebenzisa amanani amakhulu kunye nememori eninzi. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze izixhobo ezikrelekrele.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa indlela atshintshe ngayo amandla okuqhuba:
uhlobo | Ububanzi bedatha | isantya | Inkxaso yeMemori |
|---|---|---|---|
I-8-bit | 8 ungazama | Slow | KuNcinci |
I-16-bit | 16 ungazama | Ngesantya | Kaninzi |
I-32-bit | 32 ungazama | Ngokukhawuleza | Okuninzi |
Ukwandiswa kweZakhono
I-Microcontrollers yaqala ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi kunangaphambili. Baye bafumana iimpawu ezintsha njengoko bephucuka. Unokusebenzisa imemori eninzi kwaye uqhagamshele kwizinto ezininzi. Ungaqhuba iinkqubo ezinkulu. Izilawuli ezincinci zongeze ixesha, iziguquli ze-analog-to-digital, kunye namazibuko okuthetha nezinye izixhobo. Olu tshintsho luncede abantu ukuba bakhe iirobhothi, izinto zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, kunye nezixhobo zasemkhathini.
I-Microcontroller isetyenziswe kwizinto ezininzi ezintsha.
Baba yinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zale mihla.
Benza ukuba iimveliso zisebenze ngcono kwaye zihlala ixesha elide.
Izilawuli ezincinci ngeli xesha zikuncede wenze izixhobo ezikhawulezayo nezingcono. Bayitshintshile indlela abantu abayila ngayo kunye nokusebenzisa i-elektroniki.
Ukuzivelela kweMicrocontrollers kuQhagamshelwano
Iimpawu zeNethiwekhi
Ii-Microcontrollers zitshintshile kakhulu ixesha elidlulele. Baqala ngokulula kodwa ngoku baqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi. Olu tshintsho luvumela izixhobo zithethane ngokulula. Xa usebenzisa isithethi esikrelekrele, sisebenzisa ezi mpawu zintsha. Abalandeleli bokufaneleka nabo baxhomekeke kubo.
IiMicrocontrollers ngoku zineendlela zokuthetha njenge-Ethernet, iWi-Fi, kunye neBluetooth. Ezi ndlela zinceda izixhobo zabelane ngedatha ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Oku kuyitshintshile indlela osebenzisa ngayo itekhnoloji yonke imihla.
I-Wi-Fi microcontrollers inceda izixhobo ukuba zingene kwi-intanethi. Ubabona kwii-TV ezihlakaniphile kunye neekhamera zokhuseleko. Bakwakho koomatshini kwimizi-mveliso. Ezi chips zinceda ukwenza amakhaya alumkileyo kunye nezixeko ezikrelekrele. Badibanisa izixhobo ezininzi kunye.
IBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) isebenzisa amandla amancinci kunabanye. Ufumana i-BLE kwiibhendi zokuqina kunye nee-headphones ezingenazingcingo. Izitshixo ezihlakaniphile zisebenzisa i-BLE. I-BLE yenza izixhobo zihlale ixesha elide kwiibhetri ezincinci. Ikwagcina iindleko ziphantsi.
Izilawuli ezincinci ezine-BLE kunye ne-Wi-Fi zinceda abantu benze iimveliso ezintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ufumana ukhetho oluninzi kunye neempawu ezingcono kwizixhobo zakho.
Ezi mpawu zothungelwano zinceda ukuqokelela nokuthumela idatha. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze ukhetho olungcono ngolwazi lwexesha lokwenyani.
Icebiso: I-BLE yeyona nto iphambili yokukhetha i-intanethi yezinto. Igcina amandla kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwizixhobo ezininzi ezixhunyiwe.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-IoT
I-Microcontrollers ngoku yintliziyo ye-intanethi yezinto. Usebenzisa izixhobo ze-IoT ekhaya nasemsebenzini. Uzibona nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. IiMicrocontrollers zinceda ezi zixhobo ziqokelele, ziqhube kwaye zabelane ngedatha.
Ufumana ii-microcontrollers kwii-thermostats ezihlakaniphile kunye nezibane. Bakwakwiirobhothi zemizi-mveliso. Banceda ukulawula iinkqubo kunye nokugcina izinto zihamba kakuhle. Imakethi ye-microcontroller ikhula njengoko amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa i-IoT.
Nantsi itafile ebonisa indlela ii-microcontrollers ezinceda ngayo i-smart home kunye ne-IoT yoshishino:
Inkcazo yobungqina | Amaphuzu aphambili |
|---|---|
Ukudityaniswa kwe-AI kunye ne-ML | IiMicrocontrollers zivumela izixhobo zicinge kwaye zisebenze ngokukhawuleza, kanye emphethweni. |
Inkxaso yeeprotocol ezininzi | Ungatshintsha phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa, ukwenza izixhobo ziguquguquke. |
Ulawulo lwe-32-bit MCUs | Ezi chips zibamba imisebenzi enzima kwaye zigcine amandla, zilungele iinkqubo ezinzima. |
Indima kwi-Industrial Automation | I-Microcontrollers ilawula kwaye ijonge oomatshini kwiifektri ezihlakaniphile. |
I-Microcontrollers ngoku ixhasa iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zakho zinokugcina imigangatho emitsha. Bakwasebenza kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukunyuka kwe-32-bit microcontrollers kukunika amandla amaninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okungcono kwamandla. Oku kunceda iinkqubo eziphambili zokwenza imisebenzi enzima.
Ii-Microcontrollers zibalulekile kwi-industrial automation. Balawula oomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokubukela ngexesha langempela.
Ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwe-IoT kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ii-microcontroller ezininzi. Balawula idatha kunye neendlela zokunceda zisebenza kunye.
I-Microcontrollers iyitshintshile indlela ophila ngayo kunye nomsebenzi wakho. Ngoku ulindele ukuba izixhobo zakho ziqhagamshelane kwaye zabelane ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji yeMicrocontroller yenza oku kwenzeke. Ihlala ityhala ukuba izixhobo zinokwenza ntoni.
Iinguqulelo zeMicrocontroller zanamhlanje
Inkqubo-kwi-Chip
Ii-microcontroller zanamhlanje zineempawu ezininzi kwi-chip enye. Oku kubizwa Inkqubo-kwi-chip. Idibanisa iindawo ezininzi kwindawo enye. Izixhobo zifumana amandla amaninzi kwaye zisebenzisa amandla amancinci. Zikwancinci kunangaphambili. Ezi chips zingenza izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Amanye amalungu aphatha imizobo, isandi, okanye ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa ukuba yintoni eyenza i-system-on-chip microcontrollers ikhethekileyo:
uphawu | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Udibaniso oluPhezulu | Iiprosesa ezininzi zisebenza kunye ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. |
Ukuphuculwa kokuSebenza kwamandla | Isebenzisa amandla amancinci kodwa isasebenza ngokukhawuleza. |
Ukulungiswa okuKhethekileyo | Ineendawo ezikhethekileyo ze-AI kunye nemultimedia. |
Uyilo lweCompact | Ibeka ezinye iimpawu kwindawo encinci. |
Unxibelelwano oluPhakamileyo | Ine-wireless ekhawulezayo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. |
I-Multimedia ephezulu | Ingabonisa ividiyo ye-4K kunye ne-AR ngehardware ekhethekileyo. |
Usebenzisa ezi mpawu kwiifowuni, izixhobo zekhaya ezihlakaniphile, kunye neemoto. IiMicrocontrollers ziye zanceda ukwenza ezi iinkqubo smart ngokwenene.
Icebiso: Iinkqubo zokusebenza zexesha langempela zinceda ii-microcontrollers ukuba zenze imisebenzi emininzi ngokukhuselekileyo. I-RTOS igcina izixhobo zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zikhuselekile.
Ukwanazo nezixhobo ezingcono zokwakha iimveliso ezintsha. Izixhobo zanamhlanje zikunceda uvavanye kwaye ulungise izimvo zakho. Unokufumana uncedo kwiingcali kwaye usebenzise isoftware elula.
I-AI kunye neendlela ezizayo
I-Microcontrollers ngoku isebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwi-chip. Ungaqhuba iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini kwiitshiphusi ezincinci ezinememori encinci. Izixhobo ezifana I-LiteRT kunye neTensorFlow Lite zongeza iimpawu ezintle kwizinzwa kunye nezinto ezinxitywayo. Izixhobo ngoku ziyakwazi ukubona, ukuva, kwaye zifunde kwinto ezingqongileyo.
Nazi ezinye iindlela kwitekhnoloji ye-microcontroller:
Iichips ezinamandla kakhulu ezisezantsi zonga amandla kwi-IoT kunye nezinto ezinxitywayo.
Uyilo lwe-Multi-core vumela iitshiphusi zenze okungakumbi ngaxeshanye.
I-AI kunye nokufunda koomatshini kunceda ukwenza ukhetho olukhawulezayo.
Ii-microcontroller ezininzi zisetyenziswa ezindlini, kukhathalelo lwempilo, nakwimizi-mveliso.
Uyilo olulungele i-Eco-friendly lunceda ukukhusela iplanethi.
IiMicrocontrollers zihlala zibangcono minyaka le. Uya kubona iinkqubo ezomeleleyo, ezikrelekrele, kunye nezonga amandla ngokukhawuleza.
Impembelelo kuYilo lwe-Electronic kunye nokuVeliswa
INguqu kwiiNdlela zoYilo
IiMicrocontrollers zitshintshile indlela abantu abayila ngayo i-elektroniki. Ngaphambili, ubufuna amacandelo amaninzi ukwakha inkqubo. Ngoku, i-microcontroller enye inokwenza imisebenzi emininzi. Oku kwenza izixhobo zibe zincinci kwaye zonge amandla. Unokongeza ezinye iimpawu ngaphandle kokwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu. Ulawulo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye nemisebenzi ehlakaniphile kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngoku.
I-Microcontrollers inceda ukwenza iinkqubo eziphambili ezifakwe kwi-IoT kunye ne-AI.
Ungaqhagamshela abenzi boluvo kunye nee-activators zokujonga ixesha lokwenyani.
Olu tshintsho lunceda ukwakha amakhaya ahlakaniphile kunye nezithuthi ezingcono.
Unokuqokelela kwaye ufunde idatha ngokukhawuleza ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Ii-microcontrollers zanamhlanje zisebenzisa amandla amancinci, ngoko ke izixhobo zebhetri kunye namandla aluhlaza zisebenza ngcono.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwiiNkqubo zokuVelisa
I-Microcontrollers ikhokelele kwiindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto. Ngoku, ii-microcontroller zinokusebenzisa I-AI kunye ne-neuromorphic computing. Ezi mpawu zinceda izixhobo zifunde kwaye zitshintshe njengoko zisebenza. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-RISC-V uyilo lwesithethe kunye noyilo olutshiphu.
Ingcebiso: I-RISC-V ikuvumela ukuba wenze iimveliso ezizodwa ngemali encinci. Ikwanceda iimbono ezintsha kwimveliso.
Utshintsho oluBanzi kuShishino kunye nezinto ezintsha
Izilawuli ezincinci zithetha ukuba kufuneka ulandele imithetho emitsha. Ukusuka kwi-single-core ukuya kwi-multicore kuthetha ukuba iindawo kufuneka zincokole. Kananjalo kufuneka ugcine isoftware ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi nge-AI.
ishishini | Iimfuno zoMgangatho oPhambili |
|---|---|
Automotive | Iikhowudi ezithembekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezihlala ixesha elide |
I-Aerospace | I-hardware ezinzileyo kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko |
Consumer Tech | Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezihlakaniphile neziqhagamshelweyo |
Ngoku, iimveliso zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zisebenza ngcono kunangaphambili. I-Microcontrollers yenze iinkqubo zihlakaniphile kwaye zixhunyiwe ngakumbi. Uya kubona utshintsho olungakumbi njengoko itekhnoloji isiya ibangcono.
Ubukele iimicrocontroller zitshintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo itekhnoloji. Nazi i amanyathelo aphambili:
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ii-microcontrollers zibeka ingqiqo kunye nokusebenza kunye.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, iitshiphusi ezisi-8 zenza ezombane zomelele.
Ngeminyaka yee-1990, i-16-bit kunye ne-32-bit chips zanceda amasimi amatsha ukuba akhule.
Kwinkulungwane yama-21, i-IoT yenze izixhobo zithethane.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto ezikhethekileyo zenze ukuba i-automation kunye nolawulo lube ngcono.
ezikhwela | Impembelelo kwizicelo nakumashishini |
|---|---|
Izinto ezinxitywayo kunye nezixhobo zonyango zaba yinyani. | |
Iinkqubo zokuSebenza ngexesha langempela | Iimoto kunye nezixhobo zonyango ziye zaba nobuchule kwaye zikhuselekile. |
Kwixesha elizayo, ii-microcontroller ziya kuba neempawu ezilumkileyo. Iichips ziya kusebenzisana ngcono kwaye zisombulule iingxaki ezininzi. Zeziphi izinto ezipholileyo oya kuzenza nge-microcontroller elandelayo?
FAQ
Yintoni i-microcontroller?
Umlawuli omncinci ufana nekhompyuter encinci kwitshiphu enye. Inceda ukulawula izinto ezifana neemicrowaves, iimoto, kunye nezinto zokudlala. Ineprosesa, imemori, kunye negalelo / imveliso zonke kunye.
Ngaba ii-microcontrollers zahluke njani kwii-microprocessors?
I-Microcontrollers inememori kunye negalelo / imveliso ngaphakathi kubo. Uyisebenzisela imisebenzi ethile kwizixhobo. IMicroprocessors idinga iitshiphusi ezongezelelweyo zememori kunye negalelo / imveliso. Uqhele ukubona ii-microprocessors kwiikhompyuter.
Kutheni i-8-bit microcontrollers isadumile?
Abantu basasebenzisa i-8-bit microcontrollers kuba zibiza kwaye zonga amandla. Zilungele izinto ezilula ezifana nolawulo olukude kunye nezixhobo ezincinci. Unokuzicwangcisa ngokulula imisebenzi esisiseko.
Ngaba unokusebenzisa ii-microcontroller zokufunda inkqubo?
Ewe! Unokufunda inkqubo nge microcontrollers ezifana Arduino. Ubhala ikhowudi elula kwaye uyibukele ilawula izibane okanye iimoto. Oku kukubonisa indlela iikhompyuter ezisebenza ngayo kubomi bokwenyani.
