A PCB (IBhodi yeSekethe eShicileleyo) licandelo le-elektroniki eliyimfuneko, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yisekethe eprintiweyo okanye ibhodi yocingo eprintiweyo. Umgangatho we-PCB ubukhulu becala umisela ukusebenza kwamacandelo e-elektroniki, ukwenza uvavanyo lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemveliso yePCB. Uvavanyo ngokuqhelekileyo luchonga iziphene zokusebenza, ezifana nokuvula, iifutshane, kunye neminye imiba engabonakali lula. Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yalo naluphi na uyilo lwemveliso, imijikelo emininzi yovavanyo iyimfuneko. Uvavanyo lwePCB lunceda ukunciphisa imiba emikhulu, ukuchonga iimpazamo ezincinci, ukonga ixesha, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zizonke.
Uvavanyo lwePCB lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulungisa iingxaki ezinokuthi zibekho ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nenqanaba lokugqibela lokuvelisa. Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa kwiiprototypes okanye kwiindibano ezincinci ukuchonga imiba enokubakho ngemveliso yokugqibela.
Iindlela zoVavanyo lwe-PCB eBare
1. UVavanyo lwe-AOI (uHlolo oluSebenzayo oluLawulayo)
Isixhobo se-AOI sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukwenziwa kwe-PCB, njengesixhobo esingundoqo sokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-PCB, i-AOI isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya imikhondo yobhedu emisiweyo kwi-PCB emva kokuba ipateni yenziwe. Izixhobo zihlola umkhondo ebhodini kwaye zithelekise kunye neefayile zoyilo. Yandula ke ichonge nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kweendlela zokwenyani zebhodi kunye nedatha egciniweyo, iqaqambisa iindawo ezineziphene. Ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibela kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwezi ziphene kwenziwa ngumhloli, ukugqiba inkqubo yokuhlola.
2. Flying Probe Testing
Uvavanyo lophando olubhabhayo luphawulwe kakhulu kwaye lusebenza ngendlela esebenzayo enokuchonga imiba esemgangathweni kwimveliso. Kuye kwangqinwa kwishishini ukuba yindlela eneendleko zokuphucula imigangatho yePCB. Uvavanyo lwe-Flying probe lusebenzisa iiprobe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezizimeleyo ezisebenza ngaphandle kwamanqaku ovavanyo asisigxina. Ezi probes zilawulwa nge-electromechanical kwaye zihamba ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo ethile yesofthiwe. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo lovavanyo olubhabhayo lunexabiso eliphantsi lokuqala, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo alukho phezulu njengovavanyo lwe-fixture kuba iiprobes zivavanya inqaku elinye ngexesha. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwii-odolo zeebhetshi ezincinci.
3. Uvavanyo lweFixture
Isixhobo sisixhobo sovavanyo esikhethekileyo esiyilwe ngokusekwe kuyilo lwePCB kwaye sisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokuqhubekeka kombane. Isenokuba icala elinye okanye macala omabini.
Uvavanyo lombane lwe-PCB lufuna ukwenziwa kovavanyo. Iiprobe zetsimbi kwindawo yokulungisa zidibanisa iipads okanye iindawo zovavanyo kwiPCB. Xa i-PCB inikwe amandla, umvavanyi ulinganisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo afana nombane kunye nelangoku ukufumanisa ukuba isekethe ephantsi kovavanyo iqhuba ngokuchanekileyo na. I-advanteji yovavanyo lombane lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa icala elisezantsi lixabiso layo eliphezulu, njengoko kufuneka uvavanyo oluhlukileyo kuyilo ngalunye lwePCB. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwezixhobo lufanelekile kwiiodolo ezinomthamo omkhulu.
4. UHlolo olubonwayo ngesandla
Ukuhlola okubonwayo yeyona ndlela yovavanyo lwemveli, ngenzuzo yeendleko zokuqala eziphantsi kwaye akukho mfuneko yolu vavanyo. Ngokusebenzisa iiglasi zokukhulisa okanye iimakroskopu ezilungelelanisiweyo, abahloli bajonga ngokubonakalayo ukuba i-PCB iyahlangabezana neenkcukacha kwaye bagqibe xa kufuneka amanyathelo okulungisa.
Le ndlela ifanelekile kuphela kwiibhodi zeesekethe ezilula. Eyona nto ingalunganga yinto enokwenzeka yempazamo yomntu, iindleko eziphezulu zexesha elide, ukufumanisa isiphene esingapheliyo, kunye nobunzima bokuqokelela idatha. Njengoko imveliso yePCB isonyuka kwaye njengoko isithuba somkhondo kunye nobukhulu becandelo sihla, uhlolo olubonakalayo luya lungasebenzi.
(PIC-UHlolo olubonwayo ngesandla)
UYilo lokuLungisa uvavanyo lwePCB
Kuvavanyo lwe-fixture, kubalulekile ukuyila imingxunya yokubeka kwi-PCB. Imingxuma ngaphakathi kwePCB kufuneka ibe nobubanzi obuyi-1.5mm ubuncinane ukuze isebenze njengemingxuma yokubeka uvavanyo. Ngaphandle kwemingxunya yokubeka, iPCB inokutshintsha ngexesha lovavanyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezingachanekanga.
Imingxunya yokubeka isebenza njengeendawo zokubhekisa kwimveliso yePCB. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubeka imingxuma, kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni okufunekayo. Ukubeka imingxunya kwi-PCB kufuneka iboniswe kusetyenziswa iisimboli ezithile zegraphical. Kwiimeko apho ukuchaneka kungabalulekanga, imingxunya yendibano emikhulu ngaphakathi kwePCB ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezibambeleyo.
Ukuququzelela ukombiwa kwe-PCB kunye nokusila imilo yangaphandle kunye nokwenza uvavanyo lwe-in-circuit lula, abavelisi abaninzi be-PCB bakhetha abaqulunqi ukuba babandakanye imingxunya emine engacwangciswanga yokubeka. Le mingxuma yokumisa idla ngokuyilwa njengengafakwanga, enobubanzi obuyi-1.5mm okanye 2.0mm. Ukuba indawo yebhodi iqinile, ubuncinane imingxuma emithathu yokumisa kufuneka ibekwe, ngokuqhelekileyo icwangciswe ngediagonally.
Kwi-PCB enephaneli, yonke indawo yolawulo inokuphathwa njengePCB enye, ifuna imingxunya emithathu kuphela, kwaye le mingxunya inokubekwa ecaleni komphetho wenkqubo yendawo yolawulo. Ukuba umyili uyasilela ukuquka le mingxuma, umenzi wePCB uya kuzifakela ngokuzenzekelayo apho kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umkhondo, okanye banokusebenzisa imingxunya ekhoyo engekatyalwa yokubeka.
