Usebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo yonke imihla, njengekhompyuter yakho, ifowuni yakho, okanye imoto yakho. Abaqhubi besixhobo basebenza njengabaguquli. Banceda inkqubo yakho yokusebenza ithethe nesixhobo ngasinye. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle. Ukuba umqhubi wesixhobo usebenza ngokufanelekileyo, isixhobo sakho sihlala sikhawuleza kwaye sikhuselekile. Isoftware elungileyo inokumisa iingxaki. Kufana neenkqubo zokulumkisa ezimotweni ezinceda abaqhubi banikele ingqalelo baze bahlale bekhuselekile. Udinga abaqhubi besixhobo ukugcina isixhobo ngasinye sisebenza ngendlela ebesifanele sisebenze ngayo.
IItrakthi ezibalulekileyo
Abaqhubi besixhobo basebenza njengabaguquleli bekhompyuter yakho kunye nehardware. Bona nceda ikhompyuter yakho kunye nezixhobo thetha omnye nomnye. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle kunye.
Ukuhlaziya abaqhubi besixhobo sakho rhoqo kunokulungisa iingxaki. Inokuba nako yenza ikhompyuter yakho ngokukhawuleza. Uhlaziyo lunceda ukugcina ikhompyuter yakho ikhuselekile kubaduni.
Ukuba awunabo abaqhubi abafanelekileyo, izixhobo zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ikhompyuter yakho icothe okanye ingqubeke.
Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu. Abaqhubi ababi banokuvumela abahlaseli ukuba bahlasele ikhompyuter yakho. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa abaqhubi abakhuselekileyo nabahlaziyiweyo.
Jonga abaqhubi abatsha xa usongeza izixhobo zentsimbi entsha. Khangela kwakhona ukuba uneengxaki. Oku kunceda ikhompyuter yakho isebenze ngcono.
Device Drivers Overview
Yintoni umqhubi wesixhobo
Usebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi yonke imihla, njengekhibhodi kunye neeprinta. Isixhobo ngasinye kufuneka sithethe nesixokelelwano sekhompyuter yakho. Umqhubi wesixhobo yisoftware ekhethekileyo kwisixhobo esinye sehardware. Le software inceda ikhompuyutha yakho isebenzise iimpawu zesixhobo. Isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwekhompyuter yakho kunye nesixhobo. Abaqhubi besixhobo banceda ikhompyuter yakho ukuba ithumele kwaye ifumane imiqondiso kwisixhobo ngasinye.
Abaqhubi besixhobo bema phakathi kwekhompyuter yakho kunye nehardware yayo. Babonisa ikhompyuter yakho indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo ngasinye. Unokucinga ngabo njengabaguquleli. Bathatha into ethethwa yikhompyuter yakho kwaye bayitshintshe kwihardware.
Vumela inkqubo yokusebenza ithethe nezixhobo zehardware.
Guqula imiyalelo esuka kwi-OS ibe yimiyalelo yesixhobo.
Nika i-OS indlela elula yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Abaqhubi besixhobo bafihla iinkcukacha ze-hardware. Oku kuvumela inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba isebenzise imiyalelo efanayo kuzo zonke izixhobo.
Kutheni abaqhubi beSixhobo babalulekile
Udinga abaqhubi besixhobo kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kwabaqhubi abafanelekileyo, izixhobo zakho zisenokungasebenzi. Abaqhubi ababi okanye abalahlekileyo banokubangela iingxaki. Unokubona izixhobo zingabonisi, i-intanethi ecothayo, okanye ihardware eyaphukileyo. Umzekelo, unokuplaga kwisilawuli kwaye ayisebenzi. Eyakho I-intanethi yePC ingacotha ngelixa ezinye izixhobo zilungile. Ngamanye amaxesha, isikrini sakho siba mnyama ukuba umqhubi wesibonisi uyasilela.
Inkcazo yengxaki | imvelaphi |
|---|---|
Izixhobo ezingaziwayo | I-DriverSupport inika uncedo kwihardware kunye nohlaziyo lomqhubi. |
Uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olucothayo | Abasebenzisi bathi i-intanethi yePC yabo icotha kakhulu kunezinye izixhobo. |
Iihardware ezingasebenzi kakuhle | Iingxaki ezifana neemposiso zomqhubi wokubonisa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenzeka rhoqo. |
Abaqhubi besixhobo nabo banceda ukugcina ikhompyuter yakho ikhuselekile. Abanye abaqhubi banokuba neendawo ezibuthathaka ezisetyenziswa ngabahlaseli. Ezi baqhubi zibuthathaka zinokuvumela umntu ukuba athathe isixhobo sakho. Abanye abaqhubi bavumela abantu ukuba bangene ngaphandle kwemvume okanye bacime iifayile ezibalulekileyo. Oku kunokumisa ikhompyuter yakho ukuba iqale. Iingcali zokhuseleko zifumene abaqhubi abaninzi abangasebenzisa abahlaseli ukufumana amandla amaninzi okanye ukucima izixhobo zokhuseleko.
UMqhubi osesichengeni | Inkcazelo yokwenzakala |
|---|---|
AODDriver.sys | Ivumela abantu ukuba bangene kwaye balawule isixhobo ngaphandle kwemvume. |
stdcdrv64.sys | Inokucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo, ngoko ikhompyutha ayiyi kuqalisa. |
Abaqhubi abaninzi | Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa ezi zinto ukuze bafumane amandla amaninzi kwaye bacime izixhobo zokhuseleko. |
Ezi zinokuvumela abahlaseli bathathe isixhobo sonke. | |
Abaqhubi abathandathu | Vumela abahlaseli bangene kwimemori kwaye bafumane amandla amaninzi. |
Abaqhubi abalishumi elinesibini | Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zokuqhawula izixhobo zokhuseleko. |
Ufuna abaqhubi besixhobo ukuze ikhompyuter yakho isebenze kakuhle kwaye ihlale ikhuselekile. Banceda ikhompyuter yakho ukuba isebenzise zonke iindawo zezixhobo zakho. Ukuba ugcina abaqhubi bakho behlaziyiwe, uyeka iingxaki kwaye ugcine ikhompyuter yakho ikhuselekile. Abaqhubi besixhobo banceda ihardware yakho ukuba isebenze kakuhle.
Abaqhubi besixhobo kwiiNkqubo
IiNkqubo zeNjongo ngokubanzi
Usebenzisa iinkqubo zenjongo eqhelekileyo njengeelaptops kunye neetafile yonke imihla. Ezi nkqubo zifuna abaqhubi besixhobo ukunceda inkqubo yokusebenza ithethe kwihardware. Unokuplaga umshicileli, imawusi, okanye ikhamera. Nganye ifuna umqhubi wayo ukuze asebenze kakuhle. Abaqhubi kwezi nkqubo benza imisebenzi emininzi ngexesha elinye. Basebenza kunye ne-kernel, eyona nxalenye yenkqubo yokusebenza. Oku kwenza abaqhubi kube nzima ukwakha nokusebenzisa.
Iinkqubo zenjongo ngokubanzi zifuna abaqhubi abasebenza ngezixhobo ezininzi. Uhlala ufumana uhlaziyo lwaba baqhubi. Uhlaziyo lugcina inkqubo yakho ikhawuleza kwaye ikhuselekile. Ukuba utsiba uhlaziyo, isixhobo sakho sinokucotha okanye sime. Abaqhubi abadala banokuvumela i-malware ukuba ihlasele inkqubo yakho. Abenzi bee-Hardware bathumela uhlaziyo ukulungisa iingxaki kwaye bakugcine ukhuselekile. Kuya kufuneka ujonge abaqhubi abatsha ukugcina izinto zisebenza kakuhle.
Ingcebiso: Hlala uhlaziya abaqhubi besixhobo sakho. Oku kugcina ikhompyuter yakho ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza ngcono.
Iinkqubo ezifakiwe
Ufumana iinkqubo ezifakwe kwii-smartwatches, iimoto, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa abaqhubi bezixhobo ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezidibeneyo, abaqhubi bathetha ngqo kwisoftware yesicelo. Abasoloko befuna inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza. Oku kwenza abaqhubi babe lula kwaye bakhawuleze. Ufumana ulawulo ngakumbi kwi-hardware, ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezikhawulezayo.
Iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo zinemida njengememori encinci okanye iitshiphusi ezicothayo. Abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo ezimbalwa ukuze basebenze kakuhle. Ukuba akunjalo, isixhobo sakho sinokucotha okanye sime. Umzekelo, umqhubi ocothayo kwinto enxitywayo usenokungazibale izinyuko zakho ngokufanelekileyo. Kufuneka wenze ikhowudi ibe ngcono kwaye usebenzise iindawo ezigcina amandla.
Abaqhubi besixhobo kwiinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo kufuneka baphathe idatha eninzi.
Ukwenza aba baqhubi kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi kunye nezakhono ezikhethekileyo.
Kufuneka ujonge inkumbulo kunye namandla okuphelisa iingxaki.
Ukwenza abaqhubi beenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo ayifani neenkqubo zenjongo jikelele. Ugxininise kulawulo oluthe ngqo lwehardware kunye nokugcina izixhobo. Oku kunceda isixhobo sakho sisebenze ngcono kwaye sihlale ixesha elide.
Ukhuseleko kuDriver weDivaysi
Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abaqhubi besixhobo. Abahlaseli bajonga iindawo ezibuthathaka kubaqhubi ukuze bahlasele isixhobo sakho. Kufuneka usebenzise ukhuseleko olomeleleyo ukukhusela inkqubo yakho. Ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina abaqhubi bekhuselekile zezi:
Uphawu loKhuseleko | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Utyikityo lwedijithali | Abaqhubi kufuneka basayinwe ukubonisa ukuba bayinyani kwaye bakhuselekile. |
Ukubeka iliso kubaqhubi abasesichengeni | Kufuneka ujonge abaqhubi abaneengxaki kwaye ulungise ngokukhawuleza. |
Ukusebenzisa iiBlocklists | Uluhlu lweebhloko lunqanda inkqubo yakho ekusebenziseni abaqhubi abangakhuselekanga. |
Amashishini amaninzi anemithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko lomqhubi wesixhobo. Umzekelo, iimoto kufuneka zilandele imithetho efana ne-UN Regulations 155 kunye ne-156. Le mithetho yenza abenzi beemoto balawule uhlaziyo kwaye bagcine iinkqubo zikhuselekile. Eminye imithetho, efana ne-ISO/SAE 21434, inceda iinkampani ukuba zijongane nemingcipheko ye-cyber kwiimoto. Amazwe afana neTshayina, i-Indiya, ne-United States anemithetho yawo yokuqhuba izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo.
Kufuneka ukhathalele ukhuseleko xa usebenzisa okanye usenza abaqhubi besixhobo. Ukhuseleko olulungileyo lugcina izixhobo zakho zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Ukuba awuyihoyi ukhuseleko, abahlaseli banokuthatha indawo okanye baphule isixhobo sakho.
Iintlobo zabaqhubi
Iindidi eziphambili zomqhubi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zomqhubi kwikhompyuter yakho. Ngamnye unomsebenzi okhethekileyo afanele awenze. Abanye abaqhubi basebenza ngezixhobo ezininzi. Abanye basebenza ngesixhobo esinye kuphela. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iindidi eziphambili zabaqhubi:
udidi | itheko | umzekelo |
|---|---|---|
Abaqhubi beprinta | Guqula idatha ukusuka kwi-apps ukuya kwifomathi yomshicileli | HP umqhubi woshicilelo jikelele |
Bonisa abaqhubi | Nceda i-OS ithethe kwihardware yemizobo | Abaqhubi beNVIDIA GeForce |
Abaqhubi benethiwekhi | Vumela i-OS iqhagamshelane nehardware yenethiwekhi | Intel PROSet / isoftware engenazingcingo |
abaqhubi Audio | Vumela i-OS ukuba isebenzise izixhobo ezivakalayo | Inkcazo ePhakamileyo yeNgcaciso yoMsindo |
Abaqhubi besixhobo sogcino | Nika ufikelelo kwizixhobo zokugcina | Samsung NVMe Driver |
Isixhobo sokufaka abaqhubi | Sebenza ngee-keyboards, iimpuku, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufaka | Isoftware yeeKhetho zeLogitech |
Abaqhubi beekhamera | Lawula iiwebcams kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza umfanekiso | Microsoft LifeCam Driver |
Abaqhubi beperipheral | Yenza izixhobo zangaphandle njengee-headset zeVR zisebenze | Umqhubi we-Oculus Rift |
Unokufumana ezinye iintlobo zabaqhubi, ezifana:
Abaqhubi beGeneric: Sebenza ngeempawu ezininzi zezixhobo.
Abaqhubi besixhobo esithile: Sebenza ngesixhobo esinye okanye imodeli.
Abaqhubi beKernel: Baleka nzulu ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokusebenza.
Abaqhubi bemowudi yomsebenzisi: Baleka ngaphandle kondoqo, uqaliswe ngabasebenzisi.
Abaqhubi beempawu: Nika ufikelelo oluthe ngqo kwihardware.
Block abaqhubi: Nika ufikelelo olucwangcisiweyo, ubukhulu becala kugcino.
OEM abaqhubi: Yenziwe yinkampani eyakha i-hardware.
Abaqhubi beklasi: Sebenza neqela lezixhobo ezifanayo.
Abaqhubi bemithombo evulekileyo: Yenziwe luluntu, rhoqo kwiLinux.
abaqhubi Virtual: Yenza ngathi yi-hardware yokuvavanya okanye ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo.
Phawula: Abaqhubi bemithombo evulekileyo basetyenziswa kakhulu kwiLinux. Iifowuni ezininzi ze-Android zisebenzisa aba baqhubi. Abaqhubi abanini banokuba nemida eninzi kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko.
Hardware efuna abaqhubi
Izixhobo ezininzi ozisebenzisa yonke imihla zifuna abaqhubi ukuba basebenze. Ezinye izixhobo aziyi kusebenza kwaphela ngaphandle komqhubi ofanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zehardware ezifuna abaqhubi besixhobo:
Uhlobo lwe-Hardware | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Izixhobo zokufaka | Iimpuku kunye nezitshixo zifuna abaqhubi ukuze i-OS ikwazi ukuzisebenzisa. |
Izixhobo zokuPhuma | Iimonitha zifuna abaqhubi ukubonisa imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo. |
Iinkqubo Zokugcina | Ii-hard drives kunye ne-USB zifuna abaqhubi ukugcina nokufunda idatha. |
Iikhamera Zedijithali | Iikhamera zifuna abaqhubi ukuthumela iifoto kwikhompyuter yakho. |
Kernel Device Abaqhubi | Iibhodi zoomama kunye nabaqhubekisi basebenzisa ezi ukusebenza kunye ne-OS. |
Abaqhubi beSixhobo seMode yoMsebenzisi | Abaqhubi obaqalayo ngexesha leseshoni yakho, njengabashicileli okanye abaskena. |
Abaqhubi besixhobo soMlinganiswa | Nika ufikelelo oluthe ngqo kwihardware, njengamazibuko othotho. |
Block Device Abaqhubi | Isetyenziselwa izixhobo ezigcina idatha kwiibhloko, njengee-hard drives. |
Abaqhubi beOEM | Nceda i-OS yakho ithethe kwihardware ekhethekileyo evela kumenzi. |
Uya kufumana abaqhubi befowuni phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo ozisebenzisayo. Ukwenza abaqhubi abatsha kunceda ihardware entsha isebenze ngekhompyuter yakho. Xa ufumana isixhobo esitsha, unokufuna ukufaka umqhubi. Ukuba awunabo abaqhubi abafanelekileyo, izixhobo zakho zisenokungasebenzi.
Ingcebiso: Soloko ujonga ukuba ihardware yakho entsha ifuna umqhubi phambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
Uhlaziyo lomqhubi
Kutheni Uhlaziyo lubalulekile
Abaqhubi besixhobo banceda isixhobo sakho sisebenze kakuhle. Uhlaziyo luvumela isixhobo sakho sisebenzise ihardware entsha kunye nesoftware. Xa uhlaziya abaqhubi, ulungisa iimpazamo kwaye ufumane iimpawu ezintsha. Iinkampani zikhupha uhlaziyo ukulungisa iingozi kunye nesantya esicothayo. Bakwangeza iimpawu ezingekhoyo. Ukuba awuhlaziyi, ifowuni yakho inokukhenkceka okanye ingqubeke. Isenokungasebenzi ngeenkqubo ezintsha.
Nazi ezinye izizathu zokufuna uhlaziyo lomqhubi:
Usetyenziso lunokukhenkceza okanye luphazamiseke.
Inkqubo yakho inokucotha okanye ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Isoftware ayinakusebenza kunye.
Unokuba neengxaki zokhuseleko.
I-Hardware inokuyeka ukusebenza.
Ungaphoswa ziimpawu ezintsha.
Ungabona kukangaphi iinkqubo zokusebenza ezinkulu zifumana uhlaziyo kule theyibhile:
Uhlobo loHlaziyo | Inkcazelo yamaxesha amaninzi |
|---|---|
Uhlaziyo lwezokhuseleko | Ikhutshwe njengoko kufuneka ukulungisa ubuthathaka |
Uhlaziyo lweempawu | Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhutshwa isiqingatha sonyaka |
Uhlaziyo lomgangatho | Ikhutshwa ngenyanga njengenxalenye 'yePatch Tuesday' |
Ukuhlaziywa komqhubi | Ikhutshwe njengoko ifuneka ukuhambelana kunye nokulungiswa kwebug |
Ingcebiso: Jonga uhlaziyo olutsha lomqhubi xa usongeza izixhobo zekhompyutha okanye ubona iingxaki.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza
Abaqhubi abadala banokubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Ikhompyuter yakho inokubaleka kancinci okanye ingqube. Ezinye iihardware zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha, isoftware entsha ayiyi kusebenza. Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa abaqhubi abadala ukuhlasela nokuba idatha. I-FBI ithi abaqhubi abadala kwizixhobo zonyango banokuba yingozi kwizigulana.
Ukuphazamiseka kungenzeka ukuba abaqhubi abahambelani nesoftware entsha.
Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa iindawo ezibuthathaka kubaqhubi abadala ukuba bangene.
"Ukungahlaziyi isoftware kunokushiya iindawo ezibuthathaka kwinkqubo yakho. Le yingxaki enkulu kwiindawo ezinesoftware eninzi. Isoftware endala ineengxaki ezaziwayo. Abaduni bayathanda ukuhlasela ezi ndawo zibuthathaka."
Ukuhlaziya abaqhubi kunokwenza isixhobo sakho sikhawuleze. Abaqhubi bekhadi elitsha levidiyo banokunceda imidlalo kunye neevidiyo ziqhube ngcono. Uhlaziyo lunceda isixhobo sakho sisebenze ngehardware entsha kunye nesoftware. Ukugcina isixhobo sakho sisebenza kakuhle, hlaziya abaqhubi bakho. Abaqhubi abalungileyo banika uhlaziyo lokhuseleko kunye nesantya. Soloko usebenzisa abaqhubi abatsha kwihardware yakho.
Udinga abaqhubi befowuni ukuze ikhompyuter yakho kunye nezixhobo zisebenze kunye. Umqhubi wesixhobo uvumela inkqubo yakho yokusebenza ithethe nezinto ezifana nabashicileli okanye iikhamera. Aba baqhubi benza okwebhulorho. Banceda isixhobo sakho ukuba sisebenze kakuhle. Kufuneke u ukuhlaziya abaqhubi rhoqo. Oku kunceda ukulungisa iingxaki kwaye kukugcina ukhuselekile.
Abaqhubi besixhobo baqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho ziyasebenza kwaye zihlala zikhuselekile.
Abaqhubi besixhobo seKernel banceda inkqubo yakho ukuba ithethe nehardware.
Uhlaziyo lugcina isixhobo sakho sikhuselekile kwaye songeze izinto ezintsha.
Olona qheliselo luhle | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
Faka kuphela i abaqhubi abahambelanayo | Khetha umqhubi ofanelekileyo kwisixhobo ngasinye ukumisa iingxaki. |
Yiba nokusebenza. Jonga uhlaziyo kwaye usebenzise abaqhubi abalungileyo kuzo zonke izixhobo zakho.
FAQ
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ufaka umqhubi wesixhobo esingalunganga?
Ungabona iimpazamo okanye isixhobo sakho sisenokungasebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ikhompyuter yakho inokuba ngumkhenkce okanye iqhekeke. Soloko ujonga umqhubi uhambelana nehardware yakho phambi kokuba uyifake.
Ngaba ufuna ukuhlaziya abaqhubi bezixhobo zeperipheral?
Kuya kufuneka uhlaziye abaqhubi bezixhobo zeperipheral ukubagcina besebenza kakuhle. Uhlaziyo lungalungisa iimpazamo kwaye longeze iimpawu ezintsha. Oku kunceda ikhompyuter yakho ihlale ikhuselekile kwaye ikhawuleza.
Wazi njani ukuba iperipheral ifuna umqhubi?
Uninzi lweeperipherals ziza neCD okanye ikhonkco lokukhuphela abaqhubi. Ukuba ifowuni yakho ayisebenzi emva kokuba uyiplagi, unokufuna ukufakela umqhubi.
Icebiso: Jonga iwebhusayithi yomenzi umqhubi wamva nje weperipheral yakho.
Ngaba abaqhubi abaphelelwe lixesha banokubangela imingcipheko yokhuseleko?
Ewe, abaqhubi abaphelelwe lixesha banokuba neendawo ezibuthathaka. IiHackers zinokusebenzisa ezi ukuhlasela ikhompyuter yakho. Kufuneka uhlaziye abaqhubi rhoqo ukukhusela isixokelelwano sakho.
Ngaba kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa abaqhubi bemithombo evulekileyo?
Abaqhubi bemithombo evulekileyo bakhuselekile ukuba ubafumana kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bazisebenzisa kwiinkqubo zeLinux. Soloko ujonga uphononongo kunye nohlaziyo phambi kokuba ufake nawuphi na umqhubi.
