Taolo ea mocheso oa soldering kopanong ea PCB e bolela hore o shebella mocheso mohatong o mong le o mong. Sena se thusa ho etsa manonyeletso a matla a solder. E boetse e boloka likarolo tse pshatlehang tsa elektroniki li bolokehile. Haeba u sebelisa mocheso o mongata haholo, u ka senya likarolo. Haeba o sebelisa mocheso o fokolang haholo, likhokahano li ka fokola. Mohato o mong le o mong oa solder o hloka taolo e hlokolosi ea mocheso:
Thermal Profile Stage | Boemo ba Mocheso / Sekhahla | Nako / Lintlha |
|---|---|---|
Preheat Zone | 1-3 ° C motsotsoana | Futhumala butle ho emisa ho makala ha mocheso |
Soak Zone | Mocheso o lula o tšoana | Metsotsoana e 60-120 bakeng sa phallo ho sebetsa |
Reflow Zone | Tlhōrō ea 235-250 ° C | Solder peista e qhibiliha bakeng sa manonyeletso a matla |
Cooling Zone | 3-10 ° C motsotsoana | Fokotsa butle ho emisa mathata |
Haeba u latela mehato ena, taolo ea mocheso oa soldering kopanong ea PCB e boloka liboto tsa hau li bolokehile ebile li sebetsa hantle.
Litsela tsa bohlokoa
Laola mocheso oa solder ka hloko ho etsa likhokahano tse matla. Sena se boetse se thusa ho sireletsa likarolo tse nyane ho PCBs.
Sebelisa mocheso o nepahetseng bakeng sa mohato o mong le o mong oa soldering. Khetha mefuta e nepahetseng bakeng sa mofuta oa solder. Sena se thusa ho emisa manonyeletso a fokolang kapa tšenyo.
Sheba mokhoa oa soldering ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng. Sebelisa lintho tse kang li-profiler tsa mocheso le litšepe tse laoloang ke mocheso. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa ho boloka mocheso o tsitsitse.
U se ke ua sebelisa mocheso o mongata kapa o monyenyane haholo. Sena se thusa ho emisa mathata joalo ka likarolo tse robehileng. E boetse e thibela phallo e mpe ea solder le likarolo tse tsamaeang ho tsoa sebakeng.
Fetola litlhophiso tsa solder bakeng sa mofuta oa solder le botenya ba PCB. Hape, nahana ka maemo a kamore. Sena se thusa ho etsa liboto tse sebetsang hantle le tse tšoarellang nako e telele.
Soldering Mocheso Taolo ka PCB Kopano
Tlhaloso
Taolo ea mocheso oa soldering kopanong ea PCB e bolela hore o shebella mocheso mohatong o mong le o mong. U sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho boloka mocheso o le boemong bo nepahetseng. Sena se thusa ho qhibilihisa solder e lekaneng bakeng sa likhokahano tse matla. U lokela ho nahana ka ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea alloy solder. U boetse u hloka ho tseba hore na PCB e tenya hakae. Likarolo tse ling li utloa mocheso 'me li hloka tlhokomelo e eketsehileng.
Mona ke tafole e bonts'ang lintho tsa mantlha mabapi le taolo ea mocheso oa soldering kopanong ea PCB:
Soldering Aspect | Tlhaloso |
|---|---|
Tlhaloso | O laola mocheso ho qhibiliha solder le ho etsa dikgokelo tse ntle ka PCBs. |
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa | Solder alloy melting point, botenya ba PCB, kutlo ea karolo, mokhoa oa ho soder. |
Bohlokoa | E emisa mathata joalo ka manonyeletso a fokolang, marokho, kapa likarolo tse robehileng. Etsa bonnete ba hore liboto li etsoa ka tsela e tšoanang nako le nako. |
Mekhoa e Tloaelehileng & Temp. Mekhahlelo | - Reflow: Preheat 150-180 ° C, Soak 180-200 ° C, Reflow tlhōrō 230-250 ° C, Ho pholile ho laoloa. |
Lisebelisoa tsa ho Laola Mocheso | Sebelisa li-aene tse laoloang ke mocheso, lionto tse phallang hape, mechini ea solder, le profiling ea mocheso. |
Liphello tsa Taolo e Fosahetseng | Mocheso o fokolang haholo o etsa manonyeletso a fokolang. Mocheso o mongata haholo o ka senya likarolo tsa oona kapa oa baka mathata a kang borokho le mabitla. |
Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso | Latela lintlha tse qhibilihang ka solder. Sebelisa profiling ea mocheso. Nahana ka Moralo oa PCB ho thusa ka mocheso. |
U sebelisa liaene tse khethehileng, lionto le mechine ho boloka mocheso o tsitsitse. U boetse u hlahloba mocheso ka lisebelisoa tsa profiling ea mocheso. Ho laola ka hloko mocheso oa solder ho thusa ho emisa manonyeletso a batang kapa likarolo tse robehileng.
Bohlokoa
U hloka taolo ea mocheso oa solder kopanong ea PCB ho etsa bonnete ba hore liboto tsa hau li sebetsa hantle 'me li tšoarella nako e telele. Haeba u sa laole mocheso, u ka fumana manonyeletso a fokolang kapa ua senya likarolo. Mocheso o nepahetseng o etsa hore solder e phalle 'me e koahele liphahlo le li-lead. Sena se u fa likamano tse matla le tse ntle.
Liphuputso li bontša hore ho laola mocheso ke habohlokoa haholo bakeng sa matla a manonyeletso a solder le hore na likarolo li tšoarella nako e kae. Haeba thempereichara e fetoha ka 10°C feela, o ka nyolohela ho 4% ea ho kuta ka har'a manonyeletso a flip-chip solder. Khatello ena e ngata e ka etsa hore manonyeletso a robehe ka mor'a li-cycle tse makholo a seng makae feela. Mocheso o phahameng o boetse o etsa hore liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale li etsahale ka potlako ho solder. Liphetoho tsena, joalo ka kholo ea intermetallic le recrystallization, li etsa hore manonyeletso a fokotsehe. Haeba o sebelisa mocheso o fokolang haholo, solder ha e phalle hantle. Sena se u fa ho fokola ha metsi le manonyeletso a fokolang.
U ka hlahloba hore na solder e koahela bokaholimo bo bokae ka tlhahlobo ea Wetting Balance. Teko ena e lekola matla le nako e e nkang hore solder e koahele sampole ka mocheso o behiloeng, hangata lipakeng tsa 245°C le 255°C. Ho kolobisa hantle ho bolela hore o na le mocheso o nepahetseng le manonyeletso a matla.
Melao ea indasteri, joalo ka IPC J-STD-002 le MIL-STD-883, e re o hloka bonyane 95% ea tšireletso ea solder ho loto le liphaephe. U ka finyella melao ena feela haeba u boloka mocheso oa soldering ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Haeba o phahame haholo, o ka fumana oxidation mme oa lahleheloa ke thepa. Haeba o theoha haholo, o fumana solder e mpe le manonyeletso a fokolang.
Lipatlisiso mabapi le li-alloys tsa Sn-Zn li bonts'a hore mocheso o phahameng oa solder o ka etsa manonyeletso a betere ka ho theola likoli joalo ka likotoana tse phaphametseng le ho tlatsa hampe. Empa haeba o feta 250 ° C, o qala ho bona oxidation e eketsehileng le ho lahleheloa ke thepa. Sena se bolela hore o tlameha ho leka-lekanya mocheso ho fumana liphello tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
U boetse u lokela ho nahana ka kamoo mocheso susumelletsa ka mose ho PCB. Liphuputso li bontša hore ho sekamisetsa boto hanyenyane nakong ea soldering ea mouoane ho thusa ho hasa mocheso hamolemo. Sena se fokotsa mathata a kang tombstone le likarolo tse tsamaeang. Taolo e ntle ea mocheso le lehlakoreng le nepahetseng la boto li u thusa ho fumana manonyeletso a molemonyana a solder.
Keletso: Kamehla sebelisa mefuta e nepahetseng ea mocheso bakeng sa solder ea hau le mofuta oa PCB. Sebelisa profiling ea mocheso ho etsa bonnete ba hore ts'ebetso ea hau e lula e bolokehile.
Haeba o laola mocheso oa solder hantle, o emisa mefokolo, sireletsa likarolo tsa hau, 'me u netefatse hore soldering ea hau e kopana le melao ea indasteri. Sena se boloka lihlahisoa tsa hau li bolokehile ebile li ka tšeptjoa ho bareki ba hau.
Soldering Mocheso Ranges
Kakaretso Ranges
Ke habohlokoa ho tseba mocheso o nepahetseng oa soldering bakeng sa mohato ka mong. Boholo ba soldering bo sebelisa mocheso ho tloha ho 180°C ho ea ho 260°C. Mofuta ona o qhibilihisa solder mme o etsa manonyeletso a matla. E boetse e boloka boto le likarolo li bolokehile. Litsebi li hlahloba manonyeletso a solder ka ho futhumatsa le ho a pholisa ho tloha ho -40°C ho ea ho +125°C. Sena se bontša hore na soldering e ka tšoarella bophelong ba sebele.
Setofo sa reflow se na le libaka tse fapaneng tse nang le mocheso o tsitsitseng. Sebaka ka seng se boloka mocheso o lekana. Sena se thusa solder ho qhibiliha le ho pholisa ka tsela e nepahetseng. Setofo se tsamaisa mocheso ka ho sebelisa convection le conduction. Sebaka ka seng se lula mochesong o tsitsitseng. Sena se emisa mathata a kang manonyeletso a batang kapa mocheso o mongata haholo.
Mokhoa oa Soldering | Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Mocheso |
|---|---|
Reflow Soldering | 230°C - 250°C (tlhōrō) |
240 ° C - 260 ° C | |
Hand Soldering (Lead-based) | 330°C - 370°C (ntlha ea tšepe) |
Hand Soldering (Ha ho na lead) | 350°C - 400°C (ntlha ea tšepe) |
Keletso: Kamehla sebelisa boemo bo nepahetseng ba mocheso bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea hau. Sena se o thusa ho fumana liphetho tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Manual le Machine Soldering
O ka solder ka letsoho kapa ka mechini. Soldering ka letsoho e sebelisa tšepe ea solder. U beha tšepe hore e lumellane le mofuta oa hau oa solder. Bakeng sa solder e entsoeng ka loto, e behe pakeng tsa 330°C le 370°C. Bakeng sa solder e se nang lead, sebelisa 350°C ho isa ho 400°C. Ho kopanya mochine ho sebelisa lionto kapa maqhubu a solder. Mechine ena e laola mocheso sebakeng ka seng. Sena se u fa mocheso o tsitsitseng le soldering e ntle.
Liphetoho tsa Lintho
U tlameha ho fetola mocheso oa solder bakeng sa solder ea hau le boto. Li-solder tse fapaneng li qhibiliha ka mocheso o fapaneng. Solder e se nang loto e hloka mocheso o mongata ho feta solder e entsoeng ka loto. Liboto tse ling li tenya kapa li na le lilae tse ngata. Tsena li hloka mocheso o mongata ho fihlela mocheso o nepahetseng. Lipatlisiso li re u lokela ho fetola mocheso bakeng sa boto ka 'ngoe le solder. Haeba u sa e fetole, u ka fumana manonyeletso a fokolang kapa likoli. Ho sebelisa mocheso o nepahetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa hau ho etsa likhokahano tse matla le tse tšepahalang.
Liphello tsa ho Fokotsa Taolo ea Mocheso oa Soldering
Mathata a Mocheso o Phahameng
Haeba o sebelisa mocheso o mongata haholo, PCB ea hau le likarolo li ka tsoa kotsi. Mocheso o phahameng oa solder o ka sutumelletsa likarolo ho feta seo ba ka se khonang. Sena se ka chesa, sa qhibilihisa, kapa sa phunya li-chips le lithapo. Solder e se nang loto e hloka mocheso o mongata, kahoo e eketsa khatello ea maikutlo. Haeba u feta mocheso oa phetoho ea khalase kapa ntlha ea ho qhibiliha, u ka senya boto 'me ua etsa hore e fokotsehe. Mocheso o phahameng o boetse o etsa hore liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale li etsahale kapele. Li-brittle layers li ka hola ka har'a manonyeletso. Liphetoho tsena li etsa hore manonyeletso a solder a mpefale 'me a ka etsa hore a hlōlehe kapele.
Tlhokomeliso: Mocheso o mongata haholo o ka baka li-anodic filaments, khatello ea li-wire bond, le ho senyeha ha sephutheloana. Mathata ana a etsa hore soldering e mpe le ho feta mme e ka etsa hore boto ea hau e hlolehe kapele.
Mathata a Mocheso o Tlase
Haeba u sebelisa mocheso o fokolang haholo, solder e ka 'na ea se ke ea qhibiliha hantle. Sena se bolela hore solder ha e phalle kapa e khomarela hantle. U ka bona solder e omileng, moo solder e sa koaheleng liphahlo. Ha mocheso o lekaneng o ka boela oa bolela hore solder e fokolang e fihla manonyeletsong. Sena se etsa hore ba fokole. Mocheso o sa lekaneng kapa o tlaase o ka baka liphoso tse kang tombstoneing, moo likarolo li phahamisang, kapa ho se lumellane, moo likarolo li tsamaeang nakong ea soldering. Mathata ana a etsa hore manonyeletso a solder a be mpe 'me a ka emisa boto ea hau ho sebetsa.
Mona ke tafole e bonts'ang mathata a tloaelehileng ho tsoa taolong e mpe ea mocheso oa solder:
Mokhoa oa ho hloleha | Tlhaloso | Nomoro ea Bohlokoa ba Kotsi (RPN) | le phello |
|---|---|---|---|
Solder e fokolang | Ha ho solder e lekaneng manonyeletsong | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
Solder e feteletseng | Solder e ngata haholo e baka marokho le lifupi | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
Tombstones | Mocheso o sa lekaneng o phahamisa likarolo tsa boto | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
Solder e omileng | Ho kolobisa hampe ka mocheso o fosahetseng | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
Ho nyefoloa hampe | Likarolo li tsamaea nakong ea solder | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
Libolo tsa solder | Libolo tse nyane tsa solder li baka lifupi | 72 | Ho hloleha ha tshebetso |
U ka bona hore bothata bo bong le bo bong bo ka etsa hore boto ea hau e se sebetse hantle.
Tšepahala Tšusumetso
Taolo e mpe ea mocheso oa solder ha e bake mathata a potlakileng feela. E boetse e etsa hore PCB ea hau e se ke ea tšoarella halelele. Haeba u sa laole mocheso, ho na le mapetsong a manyenyane, li-circuits tse bulehileng le li-layers tse arohaneng. Lintho tsena li etsa hore manonyeletso a solder a fokole 'me boto ea hau e se ke ea tšepahala. Liphuputso li bonts'a hoo e ka bang 70% ea ho hloleha ha lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho tsoa mathateng a ho paka, 'me ho hloleha ha manonyeletso ea solder ke lona lebaka le ka sehloohong. Liphetoho tse kholo tsa mocheso le ho futhumatsa ka potlako kapa ho pholile ho etsa hore likarolo tse brittle li hōle ka har'a manonyeletso. Sena se lebisa mapetsong.
Liteko tse kang ho palama baesekele e futhumatsang le tlhahlobo ea bophelo li bonts'a hore taolo e mpe ea mocheso e baka mokhathala o kopaneng oa solder, delamination, le ho hloleha ha karolo ea pele. Mohlala, ho tloha ho -40°C ho ea ho +125°C ho ka etsa mapetso a manyane le ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba boto ea hau. Mongobo le liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa mocheso le tsona li ka tsamaisa tšepe 'me tsa baka ho ebola. Sena se etsa hore boto e fokotsehe le ho feta.
Marokho a solder le tombstones etsahala haholo ha o sa laole mocheso.
Ha ho solder e lekaneng le warping e ka ama ho fihla ho 12% ea mapolanka.
Mathata ana kaofela a etsa hore manonyeletso a solder a mpe le ho feta 'me lihlahisoa tsa hau li se ke tsa tšepahala.
Keletso: Taolo e ntle ea mocheso oa soldering ea u thusa emisa mathata ana 'me e boloka liboto tsa hau li sebetsa nako e telele.
Soldering Mocheso Taolo Mekhoa
Lisebelisoa le Lisebelisoa
U hloka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng ho boloka soldering e bolokehile. Sebelisa litšepe tse laoloang ke mocheso bakeng sa ho soasoa ka letsoho. Litšepe tsena li u lumella ho khetha mocheso o nepahetseng bakeng sa mosebetsi oa hau. Mechini e joalo li-ovens tsa reflow le sistimi ea solder ea wave sebelisa li-sensor. Lisensara tsena li thusa ho boloka mocheso o tsitsitse. Kamehla hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa hau ka ho lekanya kamehla. Calibration e etsa bonnete ba hore ntlha e chesa joalo ka ha u e beha. Haeba u fetola ntlha kapa heater, leka sesebelisoa hape. Litšepe tse ling tsa soldering li na le microprocessors. Tsena li boloka mocheso o tsitsitse, leha o ka fapanyetsana ntlha.
Mofuta oa Kopano | Boemo bo nepahetseng ba Mocheso (°C) | Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Mocheso le Tšebeliso ea Thepa |
|---|---|---|
Kopano ea Ka-Hole | 310 - 380 | Sebelisa tšepe e laoloang ke mocheso bakeng sa mocheso o tsitsitseng. |
250 - 270 | Mocheso o tlase o sireletsa likarolo tse bonolo; taolo e nepahetseng ke senotlolo. | |
Mohala oa Mohala | 350 - 400 | Mocheso o phahameng o hlokahalang; taolo ea mocheso e thibela tšenyo. |
Keletso: Kamehla sebelisa sesebelisoa se nepahetseng bakeng sa mosebetsi oa hau oa solder. Sena se u thusa ho emisa tšenyo le ho etsa manonyeletso a matla.
Tlhokomelo ea Ts'ebetso
U tlameha ho shebella ts'ebetso ea soldering ho boloka mocheso o nepahetse. Sebelisa thermocouple ho hlahloba mocheso libakeng tse fapaneng. Sena se u thusa ho bona hore na mocheso o lekana. Beha lichate tsa taolo ho latela mocheso. Lichate tsena li bontša hore na mocheso o lula o sireletsehile. Haeba u bona bothata, u ka bo lokisa kapele. Sebelisa li-dashboard tsa nako ea sebele ho shebella ha u ntse u rekisa. Li-sensor tse iketsetsang li u thusa ho bokella lintlha le ho bona liphetoho. U ka sebelisa liteko tse kang Wetting Balance Analysis. Tlhahlobo ena e hlahloba hore na solder e phalla hantle mocheso o behiloeng.
Khetha ntho ea bohlokoa eo u ka e shebellang, joalo ka mocheso oa solder.
Bokella lintlha ka li-sensor ha u ntse u rekisa.
Beha meeli e sireletsehileng ho latela liphetho tsa khale.
Sheba liphetoho kapa mathata.
Lokisa mathata afe kapa afe ho boloka lintho li bolokehile.
Lintho tsa Tikoloho
Kamore e ka fetola tsela eo soldering e sebetsang ka eona. Mocheso oa kamore, mongobo le phallo ea moea li bohlokoa. Haeba kamore e bata, boto e pholile ka potlako haholo. Haeba ho chesa, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u theole mocheso o behiloeng. Moea o motle o thusa ho boloka mocheso o lekana. Kamehla hlahloba kamore pele u qala ho solder. Fetola litlhophiso tsa hau haeba kamore e fetoha haholo. Sena se o thusa ho boloka soldering e tsitsitse mme manonyeletso a le matla.
Tlhokomeliso: Sheba liphetoho ka kamoreng. Esita le liphetoho tse nyenyane li ka ama tsela eo solder e qhibilihisang le ho phalla ka eona.
U thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore likopano tsa hau tsa PCB li lula li le matla 'me li tšoarella nako e telele. Liphuputso li bontša hore ha lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li ntse li fokotseha 'me li etsa ho feta, manonyeletso a solder a fumana khatello ea kelello le mocheso. Ho shebella mocheso haufi-ufi ho thusa ho emisa mapetsong, matheba a se nang letho, le mathata a mang. Haeba u latela melao e kang IPC-7530A 'me u sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa mocheso, u sireletsa likarolo tsa hau mme u fumana liphello tse molemo. Kamehla sebelisa mefuta e nepahetseng ea mocheso ho boloka liboto tsa hau li bolokehile ebile li sebetsa hantle nako e telele.
LBH
Ho etsahala'ng haeba u sebelisa mocheso o fosahetseng oa soldering?
Haeba u sebelisa mocheso o fosahetseng, u ka fumana manonyeletso a fokolang kapa likarolo tse senyang. Mocheso o mongata haholo o ka chesa likarolo. Mocheso o fokolang haholo o ka baka likhokahano tse fokolang. Kamehla hlahloba litlhophiso tsa hau pele u qala.
U tseba joang mocheso o nepahetseng oa soldering bakeng sa morero oa hau?
U lokela ho hlahloba mofuta oa solder le thepa ea boto. Sheba tataiso ea moetsi. Sebelisa chate ea boemo ba mocheso. Sena se o thusa ho khetha mocheso o motle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa manonyeletso a matla le a sireletsehileng.
A na u ka sebelisa mocheso o tšoanang bakeng sa mesebetsi eohle ea ho solder?
Che, u ke ke ua khona. Li-solder le liboto tse fapaneng li hloka mocheso o fapaneng. Solder e se nang loto e hloka mocheso o mongata ho feta solder e entsoeng ka loto. Liboto tse teteaneng li ka hloka mocheso o phahameng. Kamehla fetola litlhophiso tsa hau bakeng sa mosebetsi o mong le o mong.
Hobaneng ha mocheso oa kamore e le oa bohlokoa nakong ea solder?
Thempereichara ea kamore e fetola tsela eo boto ea hau e futhumatsang le ho bata ka potlako. Haeba kamore e bata haholo kapa e chesa haholo, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u fetole litlhophiso tsa hau tsa soldering. Ho phalla hantle ha moea ho boetse ho thusa ho boloka mocheso o lekana.
