The pcb ka sehloohong a disebediswa tsa elektronike e tšoana le motheo oa hoo e ka bang mong le e mong ea kajeno gadget. Boto ena ea potoloho e fana ka tšehetso le ho lumella motlakase ho phalla, kahoo likarolo tse kang li-chips le li-sensor li ka sebetsa 'moho. Litlaleho li bontša hore hona joale pcb ke pelo ea lisebelisoa ho tloha lifono ho ea ho likoloi. Li-pcbs tse thata li thusa lihanyetsi, li-capacitor, le li-semiconductors ho hokahanya le ho lula li le teng. Mmaraka oa liboto tsena o ne o feta $60 bilione ka 2014 mme ho lebelletsoe hore o tla hola le ho feta.
Metric | Boleng/Tlhaloso |
|---|---|
Boholo ba mmaraka ka 2014 | Ho feta US $ 60.2 limilione tse likete |
Kakaretso ea boholo ba mmaraka ka 2024 | US $ 80.33 billion |
Boemo ba 'maraka bo boletsoeng esale pele ka 2029 | US $ 96.57 billion |
Ho tseba ka sebopeho, lisebelisoa, le kamoo pcb e entsoeng le ho behoa hammoho ho re thusa ho bona hore na ke hobane'ng ha pcb e ka sehloohong ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike e le ea bohlokoa haholo.
Litsela tsa bohlokoa
PCB e kholo e tšoana le mokokotlo oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. E boloka likarolo sebakeng sa eona. E etsa hore motlakase o tsamaee pakeng tsa likarolo.
Li-PCB li ka ba mahlakoreng a le mong, mahlakoreng a mabeli kapa a mangata. Mofuta o mong le o mong o etselitsoe litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lisebelisoa.
Ho khetha thepa e nepahetseng le mekhahlelo e thusa li-PCB ho sebetsa betere. E boetse e etsa hore li tšoarelle nako e telele. Khetho e ntle e ba thusa ho sebetsana le mocheso le matšoao hantle.
Ho etsa PCB ho hloka moralo o hlokolosi, etching, ho cheka, le soldering. Ho na le licheke tse tiileng tsa boleng ho netefatsa hore e sebetsa hantle.
Mechini e thusa ho beha likarolo sebakeng se nepahetseng. Ba boetse ba fumana mathata esale pele. Sena se etsa hore lisebelisoa li tšepahale haholoanyane.
PCB e ka sehloohong ho Lisebelisoa tsa Elektronike
Mesebetsi ea mantlha
The pcb ka sehloohong ka lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ke motheo oa likarolo tsohle. E fana ka mesebetsi e 'meli e meholo: ho tšoara likarolo le ho lumella motlakase ho tsamaea. The pcb ke boto e bataletseng e bolokang chips, resistors, le capacitors sebakeng. Koporo le lipane li etsa litsela tsa hore motlakase o tsamaee lipakeng tsa likarolo. Seta sena se lumella sesebelisoa hore se sebetse e le yuniti e le 'ngoe.
PC e na le likarolo tse ngata. Karolo ka 'ngoe e etsa ntho e ikhethang. Substrate e etsa hore boto e be matla le e tsitsitseng. The foil koporo etsa litsela tsa motlakase. Mask ea solder e boloka boto e bolokehile mme e thusa ho e kopanya. Silkscreen e kenya lileibole ho thusa batho ho tseba moo lintho li eang teng.
Tlhokomeliso: Tsela eo boto e kopantsoeng ka eona e fetola matla a eona le hore na e sebetsa hantle hakae. Ho kenya ka har'a lesoba ho tšoara likarolo tse boima ka thata. Theknoloji ea Surface Mount e etsa hore liboto li be nyane hape li be le lintlha tse ngata.
Ho etsa pcb ho nka mehato e mengata. Baqapi ba rera moralo pele. Ba beha mohlala ka boto ka litšoantšo tse khanyang kapa tse tobileng. Koporo e eketsehileng e tlosoa, e siea feela litsela tse hlokahalang. Ho phunya ho etsa masoba a hore lira li kopane le hore likarolo li kenelle. Ho lokisa, ho hlahloba le ho hloekisa ho tla haufi le ho etsa bonnete ba hore boto e sebetsa hantle.
Bohlokoa
The pcb ka sehloohong lisebelisoeng tsa elektronike ke ka sehloohong sethaleng, hangata bitsoa motherboard. E hokahanya CPU, memori le likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Sehokelo sena ke sa bohlokoa mabapi le hore na sesebelisoa se sebetsa ka potlako hakae le hantle. The pcb e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse ngata, ho tloha mapolanka a bonolo ho ea ho a rarahaneng haholo. Mofuta o mong le o mong o etselitsoe litlhoko tse fapaneng, joalo ka ho boloka sebaka kapa ho sebetsa ka lebelo le holimo.
Category | Lintlha le Bohlokoa |
|---|---|
Karolo e ka sehloohong ea PCB | Sethala se bohareng se lumellang CPU, memori le likarolo tse ling hore li buisane, e leng senotlolo sa hore na sesebelisoa se sebetsa hantle hakae. |
Mefuta ea Sehlahiswa | Mahlakore a le 'ngoe, Mahlakore a mabeli, Mela e mengata, e thata, e tenyetsehang, e sa fetoheng |
dikopo | Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, Likoloi, Liindasteri, Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo, Sefofane le Tšireletso |
Mefuta ea Substrate | FR-4, Polyimide, PTFE, Ceramics |
Mabenkele a Marakeng | Meetso le lisebelisoa li fetoha ha lisebelisoa li ntse li ntlafala, ho bonts'a pcb ho bohlokoa ho feta neng kapa neng. |
Masimo a mangata a sebelisa pcb ka sehloohong lisebelisoa tsa elektronike. Tsena li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le lifofane. Multilayer pcbs thusa ka ho etsa lintho kapele, ho fokotsa ho kena-kenana, le ho etsa hore lisebelisoa li be nyane hape li be matla.
Multilayer pcbs etsa lipontšo molemo le ho fokotsa ho kena-kenana.
Mekhoa e mecha ea ho rala le ho aha e thusa ho emisa ho chesa le ho etsa hore lisebelisoa li tšoarelle nako e telele.
Licheke nakong ea kaho etsa bonnete ba hore boto ka 'ngoe e maemong a holimo.
Meralo e tloahelehileng e tlohella pcb hore e sebetse linthong tse ngata, ho tloha ho liaparo tse nyane ho isa mecheng e meholo.
Ka bobeli mechini le batho ba thusa ho kopanya boto. Mechini e beha likarolo kapele le sebakeng se nepahetseng. Reflow soldering e tšoara likarolo tse thata 'me e lumella motlakase ho phalla. Licheke tsa ho qetela le ho hloekisa li etsa bonnete ba hore sesebelisoa se tla sebetsa hantle.
The pcb ka sehloohong a disebediswa tsa elektronike ke setsi sa mong le e mong mehleng ea kajeno gadget. Moralo oa eona o bohlale, moaho o hlokolosi, le tekhenoloji ea kopano e nang le lintlha e thusa ho tsoela pele.
Sebopeho sa PCB le Lisebelisoa
Mekhahlelo le Mefuta
Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng li na le lihlopha tse thusang ho hokahanya likarolo. Lera ka leng le na le mosebetsi oa lona. The pcb e lehlakoreng le le leng ke eona e bonolo ka ho fetisisa. E na le lera le le leng la koporo bakeng sa litsela tsa motlakase. Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli li na le koporo mahlakoreng ka bobeli. Sena se ba lumella ho sebetsana le lipotoloho tse rarahaneng haholoanyane. Multilayer pcbs stack koporo le insulation ka mekhahlelo e mengata. Tsena li sebelisoa lik'homphieutha le li-smartphone.
Pcb e lehlakoreng le le leng: E sebelisoa linthong tse bonolo joalo ka li-calculator.
Pcb e mahlakoreng a mabeli: E fumanoa liea-le-moea le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.
Multilayer pcb: E sebelisoa ka lilaptop, matlapa le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
Kamoo lienjineri li hlophisang likarolo li fetola tsela eo lisebelisoa li sebetsang ka eona. Phuputso e ile ea sheba li-stack-ups tse fapaneng tsa pcb. E fumane hore palo ea lihlopha tsa matšoao, moo matla le matla a fatše li eang teng, le bophara ba koporo li latela lintho tsohle. Moralo o motle o ka fokotsa lerata le ho emisa tšitiso. Sena se etsa hore lisebelisoa li tšepahale haholoanyane. Boithuto bo boetse bo lekanyelitse dielectric constant (Dk) le dissipation factor (Df) ho fihla ho 15 GHz. Litekanyetso tse tlase tsa Dk le Df li ne li boloka matšoao a le matla a bile a hlakile. Sena se ne se le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa meralong e potlakileng. Boitsebiso No. 5 bo sebelitse hantle. Lisebelisoa No. 8 le No. 3 li ne li latela. Sena se bontša hore ho khetha likarolo le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng ho thusa lisebelisoa hore li sebetse hantle.
Keletso: Li-PC tse ngata li thusa lisebelisoa ho sebetsa ka potlako le ho emisa mathata a kang crosstalk le tšitiso ea motlakase.
Lisebelisuoa tsa Sehlooho
The lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong ka pcb etsa qeto ea hore na e sebetsa hantle hakae le hore na e tšoarella hakae. Boholo ba liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng li sebelisa FR-4. Ena ke motsoako o matla oa fiberglass le epoxy. Li-PC tse ling tse ncha li sebelisa LCNF. Sena se molemo bakeng sa tikoloho. LCNF e na le mocheso o tšoanang le oa FR-4. Empa e na le khanyetso e tlase ea motlakase, haholo ha moea o le metsi.
Property | LCNF Substrate | FR4 Epoxy Glass Fiber Substrate |
|---|---|---|
Ho khanna ho chesang | 0.245 - 0.302 W/mK | ~0.343 W/mK |
Bokhabane ba Motlakase (0% RH) | 23.9 × 10³ Ω·cm | 10⁸ - 10⁹ Ω·cm |
Bokhabane ba Motlakase (50% RH) | 14 × 10³ Ω·cm | N / A |
Bokhabane ba Motlakase (85% RH) | 9 × 10³ Ω·cm | N / A |
Baenjiniere ba sebelisa mekhoa e kang ea Taguchi Method ho hlahloba lisebelisoa. Sena se ba thusa ho fumana molemo ka ho fetisisa motsoako bakeng sa mong le e mong pcb. E ba lumella ho etsa liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng tse tšoarellang nako e telele le tse sebetsang hantle. Thepa e nepahetseng e boloka pcb e le matla. Li e thusa ho sebetsana le mocheso le ho lumella matšoao ho tsamaea ka tahlehelo e nyane.
Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso ea PCB
Kakaretso ea Mehato
Ho etsa pcb e na le mehato e mengata. Mohato o mong le o mong o thusa pcb ho sebetsa hantle le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Taba ea pele, baenjiniere ba etsa moralo oa moralo. Ba sebelisa software e khethehileng ho etsa qeto ea hore na likarolo le mesaletsa li ea kae. Ka mor'a moo, moralo o behoa holim'a boto ka leseli kapa lasers. Sena se etsa bonnete ba hore mohlala o hlakile ebile o nepahetse.
Etching ea koporo e latela. E tlosa koporo e eketsehileng ebe e siea litsela tse hlokahalang. Lamination e sebelisa mocheso le khatello ho hatella lihlopha hammoho. Ho cheka ho etsa masoba bakeng sa likarolo le likhokahano tsa lera. Mask ea solder e koahela boto ho e boloka e sireletsehile litšila le tšenyo. Qetello ea bokaholimo e eketsa sekhahla se tšesaane ho li-pads. Sena se thusa ho kopanya le ho kopanya.
Teko ke mohato oa ho qetela oa ho etsa pcb. Baenjiniere ba hlahloba li-circuits tse bulehileng, lifupi le mathata a mang. Ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang AOI le mochini oa X-ray. Mehato ena e thusa ho fumana mathata esale pele le ho etsa liboto tse ling tse ntle. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea boima ba PC, mehato ena e tlameha ho ba kapele le ho nepahala.
tšobotsi | Lintlha le Tšusumetso ho PCB Manufacturing le Litefiso tsa Kotulo |
|---|---|
Lintho tse fapaneng tsa tlhahiso | Botenya ba koporo, lisebelisoa tsa substrate, le ho rarahana ha moralo ho fetola hore na ho bonolo hakae ho etsa li-pcbs le hore na ke tse kae tse hlahang hantle; koporo e tšesaane e lumella baenjiniere ho etsa litsela tse nyane. |
Boleng Certification | ISO 9001:2015, litekanyetso tsa IPC (IPC-6012, IPC-A-610), le litifikeiti tse ling li thusa ho boloka boleng le mosebetsi li tšoana nako le nako. |
Teknoloji ea Tlhahlobo | 3D AOI, tlhahlobo ea X-ray, microsectioning, metallographic analysis, le tlhahlobo ea motlakase li thusa ho fumana likoli le ho fokotsa litšila. |
Tsamaiso ea Ts'ebetso ea Lipalopalo | Ho shebella mehato ea bohlokoa ka nako ea nnete ho thusa ho bona mathata esale pele, kahoo ho na le liphoso tse fokolang le liboto tse ngata tse ntle. |
Bokhoni ba Tekheniki | Mechini e tsoetseng pele le litsebo tsa DFM li thusa ho etsa li-pcbs tse ntlafetseng, ho tloha ho mehlala ea pele ho ea ho litaelo tse kholo. |
Control Quality
Taolo ea boleng e sebelisa liteko tse ngata le licheke ho etsa pcb. licheke tsena etsa bonnete ba hore mong le e mong pcb molemo ka ho lekaneng. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa litlhahlobo tsa pono le tsa X-ray ho fumana mathata ka holimo le ka hare. Liteko tsa peel li bonts'a hore na likarolo li khomarela hantle. Liteko tsa solderability li hlahloba hore na boto e ka sebetsana le mocheso ha likarolo li eketsoa.
AOI le tlhahlobo ea probe e fofang li thusa ho fumana li-circuits tse bulehileng kapa manonyeletso a mabe a solder. Teko e tsoelang pele e hlahloba hore na litsela tsohle li sebetsa ka tsela eo li lokelang ho sebetsa ka eona.
Tlhahlobo ea Microsection e sheba ka hare ho pcb ho hlahloba likarolo.
Teko ea khatello ea mocheso e bontša hore na pcb e ka sebetsana le mocheso le serame.
Teko ea Hi-pot e hlahloba hore na boto e ka nka voltage e phahameng ntle le ho robeha.
Teko ea impedance e etsa bonnete ba hore matšoao a lula a le matla, e leng sa bohlokoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse potlakileng.
Baetsi ba sebelisa litsamaiso tsa ts'ebetso le mathata a morao-rao ho ntlafatsa. Ba latela melao e thata joalo ka IPC-6012 le litekanyetso tse ling. Ba bangata ba sebelisa Six Sigma ho nyolla chai ea pele ho tloha ho 95% ho isa ho 99%. Moetsi o motle oa pcb o sebelisa litsamaiso tsena ho fana ka liboto tse tšepahalang bakeng sa kopano. Mehato ena etsa bonnete ba hore mong le e mong pcb ka boima pcb tlhahiso ea kopana seo mehleng ea kajeno elektronike hloka.
Kopano ea PCB
The ts'ebetso ea kopano ea pcb etsa hore ka sehloohong pcb sebetsa. Baenjiniere ba qala ka ho lokisa lifaele tsa moralo. Ba hlahloba ntlha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe pele ba tsoela pele. Ka mor'a moo, basebetsi ba fumana likarolo tsohle le pcb e se nang letho. Solder paste e tsoela pele holim'a liphahlo tse nang le stencil. Mohato ona o thusa ho etsa lihokelo tse matla nakong ea kopano.
Ho Bea Karolo
Mechini e beha likarolo ka pcb ka potlako haholo le ka tlhokomelo. Liroboto tse khethang le ho li tsamaisa li tsamaisa litsupa tse nyane le lihanyetsi. Ba latela lifaele tsa moralo haufi-ufi. The pcb kena ka ontong reflow latelang. Mocheso o qhibilihisa sekontiri sa solder mme o etsa manonyeletso a tiileng. Likarolo tse ling, joalo ka likhokahanyo kapa li-capacitor tse kholo, li sebelisa theknoloji ea ho phunya. Basebetsi kapa mechini e beha likarolo tsena. Wave soldering e ba tšoara ka thata ho pcb.
Ts'ebetso ea kopano ea pcb e tlameha ho boloka karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe sebakeng se nepahetseng. Esita le liphoso tse nyenyane li ka etsa hore sesebelisoa se hlōlehe. The pcb ka sehloohong e tšoana le pelo ea sesebediswa. E kopanya likarolo tsohle mme e etsa hore li sebetse hammoho.
Tlhahlobo le Tlhoekiso
Licheke tsa boleng li bohlokoa haholo kopanong ea pcb. Tlhahlobo ea paste ea solder e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa 3D ho lekanya bolelele ba pad le tšireletso. Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) e batla likarolo tse sieo kapa tse fosahetseng. Tlhahlobo ea X-ray e hlahloba ka hare ho pcb bakeng sa mathata a patiloeng ka manonyeletso a solder. Lisebelisoa tsena li ka hlahloba manonyeletso a 30-40 motsotsoana o mong le o mong. Sena se fana ka licheke tse felletseng tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa.
Tekong ea potoloho e hlahloba hore na kopano ea pcb e sebetsa hantle. Lintlha tse tsoang ho AOI le X-ray li thusa lienjiniere ho bona mathata le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Statistical Process Control (SPC) e sebelisa lintlha tsena ho boloka boleng bo holimo.
Ka mor'a ho hlahloba, ho hloekisa ho tlosa phallo leha e le efe e setseng kapa litšila. Mohato ona o boloka pcb e sireletsehile ho mafome 'me e thusa ho tšoarella nako e telele. Li-pcbs tse hloekileng li thusa lisebelisoa ho sebetsa hantle le ho tšoarella nako e telele.
Keletso: Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa tlhahlobo le mehato ea ho hloekisa li thusa kopano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea pcb ho kopana le melao e thata ea boleng.
The pcb ka sehloohong e fumanoa bohareng ba mong le e mong sesebediswa. Moralo oa eona o bohlale, lisebelisoa tse matla, le kaho e hlokolosi li thusa theknoloji ho sebetsa hantle. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa mekhoa e mecha ea ho etsa hore pcb e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e be thata le e ka tšeptjoang. Mehala, likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka kaofela li hloka boto ena hore e sebetse.
Ho ithuta ka pcb ho bontša hore na mosebetsi le tlhokomelo e kae li kena ka har'a sesebelisoa se seng le se seng.
LBH
PCB e emetse eng?
PCB e emetse Printed Circuit Board. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa li-PCB ho hokahanya le ho tšehetsa likarolo tsa elektroniki. Liboto tsena li thusa lisebelisoa hore li sebetse ka ho lumella motlakase ho phalla pakeng tsa likarolo.
Hobaneng ha lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki li hloka PCB e kholo?
PCB e ka sehloohong e sebetsa e le mokokotlo oa sesebelisoa. E boloka likarolo tsohle tsa bohlokoa sebakeng sa eona. E boetse e lumella matšoao le matla ho tsamaea lipakeng tsa li-chips, li-sensor le likarolo tse ling.
PCB e ka ba le likarolo tse kae?
PCB e ka ba le lera le le leng, tse peli, kapa tse ngata. Lisebelisoa tse bonolo li sebelisa liboto tsa lera le le leng. Lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng, joalo ka likhomphutha, hangata li sebelisa li-PCB tse ngata tse nang le mekhahlelo e mene kapa ho feta.
Ke lisebelisoa life tseo baenjiniere ba li sebelisang ho etsa li-PCB?
Li-PCB tse ngata li sebelisa FR-4, thepa e matla ea fiberglass. Mapolanka a mang a sebelisa li-plastiki tse khethehileng kapa li-ceramics bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mocheso hantle. Lera la koporo le etsa litsela tsa motlakase.
Baenjiniere ba hlahloba joang hore na PCB e sebetsa ka nepo?
Baenjineri ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang mechini ea AOI, X-rays, le liteko tsa motlakase. Licheke tsena li thusa ho fumana mathata a kang litsela tse robehileng kapa manonyeletso a mabe a solder. Teko e hlokolosi e netefatsa hore PCB ka 'ngoe e kopana le litekanyetso tsa boleng.
