A MOSFET imhando ye transistor. Inokuita kuti udzore magetsi mudunhu nekushandisa voltage. Unogona kuwana maMOSFET mumafoni, malaptop, mota, nemichina mikuru. Iyo MOSFET yakakosha nekuti inobata ikozvino zvakanyanya. Inobatsira kuita midziyo midiki, nekukurumidza, uye yakasimba.
MOSFETs inobatsira kuchengetedza simba mumagetsi.
Unoda maMOSFETs ekuita kwakadzikama muhunyanzvi hutsva se5G neIoT.
MOSFETs ndicho chikamu chikuru mumidziyo mitsva mizhinji.
Mhedzisiro yeMOSFET Adoption | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kuwedzera Transistor Density | MOSFETs inokutendera iwe kuisa mamwe ma transistors pane chip. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvishandiso zvidiki uye zvirinani. |
Kuderedzwa Simba rekushandisa | Iwe unoshandisa simba shoma neMOSFET pane nekare transistors. |
Enhanced Performance | MOSFETs inobatsira zvishandiso zvako kushanda nekukurumidza uye kupindura nekukurumidza. |
MOSFET Basics
Chii chinonzi MOSFET
Iwe unowanzoona izwi rekuti "mosfet" mumagetsi. Zvinoreva simbi-oxide-semiconductor munda-effect transistor. Ichi chishandiso chinoshanda sechinochinja chakakosha kana amplifier mumaseketi. Mukati mefoni yako, laptop, kana TV, kune akawanda mosfets anoshanda pamwechete.
Mosfet ine dhizaini yakakosha. Inoshandisa simbi yakatetepa uye oxide layer kudzora magetsi. Haufanire kuibata kuti ishande. Iwe unongoda kuwedzera diki voltage kune gedhi rayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti mosfet ibatsire zvikuru mumagetsi emazuva ano.
Zano: Yeuka, mosfet itransistor inoshandisa voltage kudzora kufamba kwemagetsi.
Kune marudzi maviri makuru e mosfets: kuwedzera uye kupera. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runoshanda nenzira yakasiyana, asi zvose zviri zviviri kutonga ikozvino munharaunda. Iyo mosfet inonziwo metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. Mazita ose ari maviri anoreva chinhu chimwe.
Basa reMOSFET
Mosfet inoita mabasa akawanda akakosha mumaseketi. Unogona kushandisa mosfet kubatidza kana kudzima zvinhu, senge switch yemwenje. Unogona zvakare kushandisa mosfet kuita kuti masaini asina simba asimbe. Ndosaka mosfets ichishandiswa muma amplifiers nemaredhiyo.
Heano mamwe mabasa makuru e mosfet mune zvemagetsi:
Inoshanda se switch inodzorwa nevoltage
Inoshanda seamplifier
Iine high input impedance
Inouya mumhando mbiri: Depletion uye Enhancement
Inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakaita se microprocessors uye logic magedhi
A mosfet inokupa iwe kugona kwakanyanya. Haidi mvura yakawanda pagedhi rayo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza michina inotonhorera. Iwe zvakare unowana nekukurumidza switch, saka magajeti anoshanda nekukurumidza.
Unogona kuwana mosfets mumidziyo yakawanda yaunoshandisa mazuva ese:
Mosfets anobatsira kubata simba munharembozha.
Ivo vari mumalaptops kuti vawedzere kumhanya uye kuchengetedza bhatiri.
MumaTV, vanochengeta magetsi akasimba uye anoshanda.
mudziyo | Iyo MOSFET Inobatsira |
|---|---|
Nharembozha | Inogadzirisa bhatiri uye kushandiswa kwesimba |
Laptop | Inowedzera kumhanya uye inochengetedza simba |
terevhizheni | Inoita kuti magetsi arambe akatsiga |
A mosfet inoita kuti magetsi ave akangwara uye akavimbika. Iwe unogona kuvimba ne mosfet yekumhanya kwakanyanya uye yakaderera simba kurasikirwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mainjiniya anoshandisa mosfets munenge muchero mutsva.
MOSFET Chimiro
Zviteshi: Gedhi, Kwakabva, Kudonha
Paunotarisa MOSFET, unoona materminal matatu makuru. Terminal yega yega ine basa rayo rakakosha. Unoshandisa materminal aya kudzora kufamba kwemagetsi nemuchina.
chiteshi | basa |
|---|---|
Gedhi | Inodzora kuyerera kwazvino pakati peDrain uye Source, ichishanda senge switch yakavakirwa pane yakaiswa gedhi-kune-source voltage (VGS). |
dhureni | Iyo yekubuda terminal kubva painobuda ikozvino; yeN-channel, ikozvino inoyerera kubva kuDrain kuenda kuSource kana ON, uye yeP-channel, inoyerera kubva kuSource kuenda kuDrain. |
mabviro | Iyo terminal inopinda yazvino, kazhinji yakabatana nevhu (N-channel) kana yakanaka voltage supply (P-channel). |
Gedhi : Unoshandisa gedhi kubatidza kana kudzima MOSFET. Paunoisa voltage pagedhi, unodzora kufamba kwemagetsi.
Kunobva : Apa ndipo panopinda magetsi. Kune akawanda macircuit, unobatanidza kunobva magetsi pasi kana voltage supply.
Kudhonza : Apa ndipo panobuda magetsi muMOSFET. Unobatanidza dhonza nechikamu chedunhu chinoda simba.
Zano: Funga nezvegedhi sechinobatidza magetsi. Unodzima chinobatidza magetsi (kuwedzera voltage), uye magetsi anobva abuda achienda kune rimwe divi remvura.
Insulated Gate Principle
Gedhi riri muMOSFET haribate chasara mudziyo. Pane kudaro, inogara pamusoro pechidzitiro chakatetepa chekudzivirira. Iyi insulation inowanzogadzirwa kubva kusilicon dioxide (SiO₂) kana yakakosha yepamusoro-k zvinhu. Iyo insulation inoita kuti gedhi rive rakaparadzana kubva kune chiteshi panoyerera ikozvino.
zvinhu | Dielectric Constant (k) | Dielectric Simba / Ukobvu |
|---|---|---|
High-k Dielectrics | 10 <k <30 | N / A |
SiO₂ | N / A | Ukobvu hudiki ~ 0.7 nm |
Gedhi iri rinochengetedza magetsi rinoita kuti udzore MOSFET nemagetsi mashoma. Unongoda kuisa voltage pagedhi. Kuchengetedza magetsi kunomisa magetsi kuti asadonhe, saka MOSFET inoshandisa simba shoma uye inoramba yakatonhorera. Dhizaini iyi inoita kuti MOSFET dzishande zvakanaka pakuchinja nekuwedzera masaini.
Iwe unowana mhinduro yekukurumidza nekuti gedhi haridhirowe zvakanyanya ikozvino.
Midziyo inogara yakachengeteka nekuti iyo insulation inovharira kusingadiwe ikozvino kuyerera.
Iwe unogona kuvaka madiki uye ane simba maseketi ane chimiro ichi.
Gedhi rakavharidzirwa ndiro rinoita kuti MOSFET ibatsire mumagetsi emazuva ano. Unogona kudzora macurrents makuru nekamoto kadiki pagedhi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero maMOSFET ari kwese kwese, kubva pafoni yako kuenda kumota yako.
MOSFET Operation
Voltage Control
Unodzora mosfet nekuchinja voltage pagedhi terminal yayo. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekushanda kwayo. Paunoisa voltage pagedhi, unosarudza kana mosfet ichizobvumira magetsi kuti afambe kana kuti kwete. Gedhi iri pamusoro pechinhu chakatetepa chekudzivirira, saka haribate channel zvakananga. Dhizaini iyi inokupa mukana mukuru: unongoda kushandisa voltage chete, kwete magetsi, kuti udzore mudziyo.
Heano maitiro emagetsi pagedhi anokanganisa mosfet:
Kana magetsi egedhi ari pasi pe zero, iyo mosfet inogara kure. Hapana ikozvino inoyerera pakati pechitubu uye dhiraivha.
Kana gedhi remagetsi riri pamusoro pe zero asi richiri pasi pehumwe kukosha (inonzi threshold voltage), iyo mosfet inoramba yakadzimwa. Hapachina nzira yemazuva ano.
Kana gedhi regedhi richisvika kana kuenda pamusoro pechikumbaridzo voltage, iyo mosfet inotendeuka. A chiteshi mafomu, uye yazvino inogona kuyerera kubva kutsime kuenda kumvura.
Cherechedza: Vheji yemagetsi ndiyo voltage shoma yaunoda pagedhi kuti ubatidze mosfet. Kukosha uku kwakakosha zvikuru mumasekete edhijitari neeanalog. Kana ukasasvika pavoltage iyi, mosfet haizofambi.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti gedhi voltage inoshandura sei mamiriro e mosfet:
Iyo gedhi voltage inosarudza kana chiteshi chakavhurika kana kuvharwa.
Iwe haufanire kugovera ikozvino kugedhi, chete voltage.
Iyo mosfet inoita senge switch yaunodzora nevolti.
Iyi voltage control inoita kuti mosfet ishande zvakanyanya. Iwe unogona kuibatidza nekudzima nekukurumidza, iyo yakanakira zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano.
Current Flow
Paunenge uchinge wabatidza mosfet nekuisa yakaringana voltage kugedhi, ikozvino inogona kuyerera pakati pechitubu uye dhiza. Mafambiro uye rudzi rwezvino zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe mosfet yaunoshandisa.
Mhando yeMOSFET | Charge Carrier | Current Flow Direction |
|---|---|---|
NMOS | Maerekitironi | Source to Drin |
PMOS | makomba | Drain to Source |
Mune mosfet yeNMOS, maerekitironi anofamba kubva kwaanobva achienda kugedhi kana mudziyo wakabatidzwa. Mune PMOS mosfet, maburi anofamba kubva padhiraini kuenda kutsime. Iwe unosarudza rudzi runobva pane zvaunoda dunhu.
Gedhi re mosfet rinodhirowa rinenge risisina ikozvino. Izvi zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe ma transistors, seBJTs, ayo anoda yakatsiga yekupinda ikozvino pabhesi. Iyo mosfet inongoda voltage pagedhi kuti ishande.
Sezvo gedhi remosfet risingatore chero ikozvino, kubuda kwechigadzirwa ichi kunodzorwa negedhi voltage.
Iwe unowana akawanda mabhenefiti kubva pane ichi chimiro:
Mosfet inoshandisa simba shoma pagedhi.
Yakakwira yekupinza impedance inoreva kuti iwe unogona kubatanidza iyo mosfet kumasekete anonzwisisika pasina kuaisa pasi.
Midziyo inogara ichitonhorera uye inogara kwenguva refu nekuti pane shoma yakaraswa simba.
Transistor Rudzi | Input Current Chinodiwa |
|---|---|
Mosfet | Zvinenge hapana |
BJT | Inoda diki yekuisa ikozvino |
A mosfet inokupa iwe kukurumidza kushandura uye kushanda kwakanyanya. Unogona kuishandisa mumaseketi kwaunoda kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakanaka. Iyo mosfet's working musimboti inoita kuti iwe udzore mafungu mahombe nekashoma voltage pagedhi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero iwe uchiwana mosfets munenge mune yega yega yemazuva ano zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Mhando dzeMOSFETs
N-Channel uye P-Channel
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeMOSFET . Imwe inonzi n-channel, uye imwe inonzi p-channel. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe runobvumira magetsi kufamba nenzira yakasiyana. N-channel inoshandisa maerekitironi kutakura magetsi. P-channel inoshandisa maburi panzvimbo pezvo. Izvi zvinoshandura mashandiro anoita rimwe nerimwe mudunhu.
mamirire | P-chiteshi MOSFET | N-chiteshi MOSFET |
|---|---|---|
Gate Drive Voltage | Negative Vgs (nyore) | Positive Vgs (inoda mutyairi wegedhi) |
On-Resistance (Rds(on)) | Yakakwirira | Pasi |
kunyatsoshanda | Yakaderera nekuda kwepamusoro maRds (pa) | Yakakwira nekuda kwekudzika maRds (pa) |
Kuchinja Speed | Zvishoma (pamusoro pekuisa capacitance) | Nekukurumidza (pasi pekupinda capacitance) |
Complexity | Nyoresa gedhi dhiraivha redunhu | Inoda kuwedzera gate driver circuitry |
mutengo | Kazhinji zvakachipa | Kazhinji zvinodhura |
N-channel MOSFETs yakanaka kune akakwira-azvino maseketi. Vane kushomeka kushoma uye chinja nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinobatsira mudziyo wako kushandisa simba shoma uye kushanda zviri nani. P-channel MOSFETs ari nyore kudzora. Asi vanochinja zvishoma nezvishoma uye vane kuramba kwakawanda. Unogona kusarudza p-channel kana iwe uchida yakapusa kana yakachipa dhizaini.
N-chiteshi MOSFETs anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi uye mota controller. Anoshanda zvakanyanya nekuti maerekitironi anofamba nekukurumidza kupfuura maburi. Izvi zvinoita kuti n-chiteshi ive sarudzo yakangwara kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakanaka.
Zano: Sarudza n-chiteshi MOSFETs ekukurumidza uye akasimba maseketi. Shandisa p-channel MOSFETs kune nyore uye yakaderera-mutengo dhizaini.
Enhancement and Depletion Modes
MOSFETs inogonawo kushanda nenzira mbiri. Aya anonzi ekuwedzera mode uye depletion mode. Iyo modhi inokuudza kuti MOSFET inobatidza kana kudzima sei.
mamiriro | Enhancement Mode MOSFETs | Depletion Mode MOSFETs |
|---|---|---|
State paZero Gate Voltage | Off | On |
Channel Formation | Inoda positive gedhi voltage kuti igadzire chiteshi | Kazhinji ine chiteshi chiripo |
Mhinduro kuGadhi Voltage | Inobatidza nepamusoro pegedhi voltage | Inodzima negative gedhi voltage |
Threshold Voltage | Positive threshold voltage | Negative threshold voltage |
MaMOSFET mazhinji anoshandisa enhancement mode. Aya anoramba aripo kusvika wawedzera voltage yakakwana kugedhi. Unovawana mumapower converters, ma amplifiers, uye ma digital circuits. Depletion mode MaMOSFET anoshanda nenzira yakasiyana. Anoramba aripo kusvika wawedzera negative voltage kugedhi. Aya anoshandiswa kuma steady current kana startup circuits.
Hedzino dzimwe nzira dzinoshandiswa nevanhu modhi yega yega: Magetsi emagetsi uye anodzora mota anoshandisa ekuvandudza-modhi n-chiteshi MOSFETs kukurumidza kuchinja. Amplifiers anoshandisa ekusimudzira-modhi MOSFETs kuita masaini akasimba. CMOS maseketi anoshandisa ese n-channel uye p-channel yekusimudzira-modhi MOSFETs kuchengetedza simba. Depletion-modhi MOSFETs anobatsira nekutanga uye kuchengetedza zvazvino zvakadzikama.
Iwe unogona kusarudza yakanakisa MOSFET nekufunga nezve kumhanya, simba, uye maitiro aunoda kuidzora.
MOSFET Applications
MOSFET seChinja
A mosfet inoshanda sechinjo mumidziyo yakawanda. Iwe unochinja voltage pagedhi kuti uibatidze kana kudzima. Izvi zvinokuita kuti udzore magetsi nekukurumidza uye chaizvo. Kana iyo mosfet iri munharaunda yekucheka, inoita senge yakavhurika switch uye inomira ikozvino. Munharaunda yesaturation, inoita senge yakavharwa switch uye inorega ikozvino kuyerera. Nekuchinja, iwe unoda kuti mosfet ipedze nguva shoma munzvimbo yekuzadza. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi uye kuchengetedza mudziyo wako kutonhorera.
Iwe unochinja mosfet pakati pe 'ON' uye 'OFF' nekushandura gedhi-source voltage.
Mune iyo 'ON' mamiriro, iyo mosfet inopa yakaderera-resistance nzira yezvino.
Kukurumidza kushandura kunoita kuti mosfet ive yakanaka kune mota kutonga uye magetsi emagetsi.
MOSFETs inobata nekukurumidza kune zvikwangwani zvemagetsi. Iwe unongoda diki voltage pagedhi kuti udzore mafungu makuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti mosfet sechinjo ive nani pane ma mechanic relays kana bipolar transistors.
Heano mimwe mienzaniso chaiyo-yehupenyu yekushandisa mosfet sechinjo:
Magetsi ari mumakomputa nemaTV
Kudzora kupenya muma smartphones
Solar panel inverters yedzimba
Masimba ekudzoreredza masisitimu mumotokari dzemagetsi
Iyo mosfet senge switch inobatsira kuchengetedza simba uye inoita kuti zvishandiso zvishande zvirinani. Iwe unowana mosfets mune renewable simba masisitimu, mota dzemagetsi, uye microprocessors. Musika wepasi rose we mosfets unokura nekuti vanhu vanoda zvirinani uye zvakavimbika switch.
Amplification Zvishandiso
Iyo mosfet inoitawo masaini akasimba mumaseti eredhiyo uye redhiyo. Iyo mosfet ine yakakwira yekupinza impedance, saka kusarura kuri nyore. Iwe unofanirwa kuchengeta iyo mosfet munzvimbo yekuzadza kuitira kukwidziridzwa kwakanaka. Iyo yekudonhedza ikozvino inoshanduka negedhi-kune-source voltage, kwete iyo drain-ku-source voltage.
mamiriro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Input Impedance | Yakakwirira kwazvo, saka kusarura kuri nyore |
Operating Region | Inofanirwa kugara munzvimbo yekuzadza kuitira kukwidziridzwa kwakanaka |
Kurerekera divi rimwe chete | Inoda kurerekera kune yakagadziriswa Q-poinzi |
Drain Current Variation | Shanduko negedhi-kune-source voltage (VGS) mukuzara |
Iyo mosfet inogona kusvika pamusoro pe90% kunyatsoshanda mukusimudzira simba.
Iwe unowana zviri nani kupisa kugadzikana, izvo zvinomira kupisa.
Kukurumidza kushandura kunoita kuti mosfet ishande pamafrequency ari pamusoro pe100 kHz.
Iwe unoona mosfets mune magetsi amplifiers eaudio masisitimu, mota dzekubatidza masisitimu, uye magetsi ekudzora maseketi. Iyo mosfet inobatsira kupa yemhando yepamusoro ruzha uye yakasimba simba. Iwe zvakare unowana mosfets mune microprocessors uye ndangariro machipisi, ari huropi hwemakomputa uye smartphones.
Iyo mosfet inopa kukurumidza kuchinja, kuderera kwesimba kurasikirwa, uye kuita kwakasimba. Iwe unogona kugadzira zvidiki, zvine hungwaru, uye zvakanyanya kuchengetedza simba.
mamiriro | Mupiro Wekubudirira |
|---|---|
Kudzikira-kupikisa | Inocheka kurasikirwa kwemagetsi panguva yekufambisa, zvichiita kuti michina iwedzere kushanda |
High switching speed | Inobvumira kukurumidza kuchinja, izvo zvakakosha kune zvinhu zvakadai seDC-DC converters |
Low gedhi charge | Inoda simba shoma kudzora mudziyo, saka kuchinja kurasikirwa kwakadzikira |
Vanhu vanoda hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri uye kushandiswa kuri nani kwesimba, saka makambani anoita dhizaini nyowani mosfet. Iwe unoona mosfets mune zvese kubva kumafoni kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi. Makambani anodyara mari mumamosfets matsva kuti asangane nemitemo yesimba uye arambe ari mberi mumusika.
Iwe zvino unoziva mashandiro anoita mosfet mune zvemagetsi. Inogona kuita senge switch kana amplifier. Gedhi rinoshandisa voltage kudzora ikozvino. Ikozvino inofamba pakati pechitubu nekudonhedza. Iwe unowana mosfets mumaseketi edhijitari uye magetsi emagetsi. Iwo zvakare mune otomatiki magetsi.
Mosfet inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inochinja nekukurumidza. Hachishandisi simba rakawanda.
Unogona kushandisa mosfet mumidziyo yebhatiri. Inobatsira kuita zviratidzo zvakasimba. Inoshandiswa mumasekete akabatanidzwa zvakare.
Iyo mosfet ine yakakwira yekupinza impedance kupfuura BJTs. Iyo zvakare inochinja nekukurumidza kupfuura BJTs.
Resource | Zvaunodzidza |
|---|---|
Microelectronic Circuits | Dzidza nezve mosfet basics uye mashandisiro |
Kugadzira: Electronics | Edza maoko-pamapurojekiti emosfet |
Tarisa uone mapurojekiti e mosfet pa Instructables uye Hackster.io. Iwe unogona kugadzira masekete akangwara. Unogona kuwana nzira nyowani dzekushandisa mosfets mune ramangwana tekinoroji.
FAQ
MOSFET inomirirei?
MOSFET zvinoreva Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor . Unoishandisa kudzora magetsi mumasekete akawanda.
Unobatidza kana kudzima sei MOSFET?
Iwe unobatidza MOSFET nekuwedzera voltage kugedhi. Kana iwe ukabvisa voltage, iyo MOSFET inodzima. Iwe haufaniri kupa ikozvino kugedhi.
Unowanepi maMOSFET muhupenyu chaihwo?
Iwe unoona maMOSFET muzvinhu zvakawanda zvaunoshandisa mazuva ese.
smartphones
Laptops
TV
Cars
Power supplies
Nei mainjiniya achida maMOSFET pane maBJT?
Mainjiniya anosarudza maMOSFET nekuti anochinja nekukurumidza uye anoshandisa simba shoma. MaMOSFET anewo input impedance yakakwira kupfuura maBJT. Izvi zvinoita kuti michina ishande zviri nani uye igare kwenguva refu.
Unogona here kushandisa MOSFET seamplifier?
Ehe, unogona kushandisa MOSFET seamplifier. Iwe unoiisa munharaunda yakarurama, uye inoita zviratidzo zvisina simba zvakasimba. Izvi zvinobatsira maredhiyo, maodhiyo masisitimu, uye zvimwe zvemagetsi.
