Paunotanga kushandisa diodes munharaunda yako inotungamirirwa, unofanirwa kunyatsoteerera kune polarity uye ikozvino kuyerera. Madhidhiyo anongobvumira magetsi kufamba neimwe nzira, saka kana ukaabatanidza kumashure, yako LED haibatike kana kukuvara. Gara uchiwedzera chinopikisa munhevedzano kuchengetedza yazvino yakachengeteka kune yako LED. Kusvetuka danho iri kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akaita semaseketi akavhurika kana kunyange mapfupi maseketi, anowanzo kukonzerwa neakawandisa voltage kana ikozvino. Kana iwe uchida kuti ma LED ako agare, ita shuwa kuti iwe unotarisa kaviri-kutarisa kwako uye kudzivirira kusundira zvikamu kupfuura miganhu yavo.
Kushandisa diodes ane LEDs
Polarity mumaseketi e LED
Paunotanga uchishandisa diode mudunhu rako re LED, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara kune polarity. Madhidhiyo anongobvumira magetsi kufamba munzira imwe chete. Kana ukabatanidza chiedza chinobudisa diode nenzira isiri iyo, haizovhenekeri. Unogona kutozvikuvadza.
Diodes inobvumira magetsi kuti apfuure mune imwe nzira, inonzi kutungamira mberi.
Vanovharira ikozvino mune yakapesana, inova reverse direction.
Iyi unidirectional maitiro akakosha kuti chiedza emitting diode ishande.
Iyo pn junction mukati me diode inogadzira chipingamupinyi. Inobvumira ikozvino kuyerera munzira imwe chete.
Iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza anode yemwenje emitting diode kune iyo yakanaka divi remagetsi. Iyo cathode inoenda kudivi rakashata.
Kana iwe ukawana iyo polarity isiriyo, ma LED ako haapenye. Iwe unogona kuona hapana chiri kuitika, kana iyo LED inogona kutadza. Gara uchitarisa mamaki pa LED usati wavaka dunhu rako.
Reverse voltage protection
Iwe unoda kuti ma LED ako agare kwenguva yakareba. Reverse voltage inogona kuvakuvadza nekukurumidza. Kushandisa diode mudunhu rako kunobatsira kuchengetedza mwenje wako unoburitsa diode kubva padambudziko iri. Diodes, kunyanya Schottky diodes, anoita senhovo. Vanorega ikozvino ichiyerera mune imwe nzira uye ichivharira kune imwe. Izvi zvinochengeta ma LED ako akachengeteka kubva kune reverse voltage.
Paunosarudza diode yekudzosera kumashure polarity dziviriro, tsvaga ine Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) rating inofanana nesystem yako. Semuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa 12V magetsi, sarudza diode ine PIV inokwana 20V. Mumotokari, mapikisi emagetsi anogona kuitika, saka ungangoda diode ine PIV ye50V kana kupfuura. Schottky diodes inoshanda nemazvo nekuti ine yakaderera mberi voltage inodonha uye chinja nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinovaita vakakwana pakudzivirira mwenje unoburitsa diode.
Ikozvino kuganhurira nemaresitors
Iwe unofanirwa kudzora huwandu hwazvino hunoyerera kuburikidza nema LED ako. Kana iwe ukasvetuka iyo ikozvino kumisa resistor, maLED ako anogona kupisa nekukurumidza. The resistor inochengeta mberi ikozvino panzvimbo yakachengeteka. Pasina iyo, maLED anogona kupenya, kupisa zvakanyanya, kana kumira kushanda. Magetsi anogona kutumira kuwedzera kweazvino paunoabatidza. Kuvhiya uku kunogona kuparadza diode yako inoburitsa mwenje kana ukasashandisa resistor.
Heino dhairekitori rinokurumidza rekusarudza rakakodzera resistor kune akajairwa LED mavara:
Mutsetse we LED | Voltage Drop (V) | Inokurudzirwa Resistor Value (Ohms) |
|---|---|---|
Tsvuku | 2.0 - 2.2 | 155 |
Chena | 3.0 - 3.2 | 110 |
Yero | ~ 2.0 | N / A |
Bhuruu | ~ 3.0 | N / A |
Girinhi | N / A | N / A |
Zano: Nguva dzose shandisa yazvino yekumisa resistor mune yako LED wedunhu. Iyi nhanho iri nyore inochengetedza mwenje wako unoburitsa diode kubva mukukuvadzwa uye inochengeta purojekiti yako ichishanda kwenguva refu.
Paunoshandisa diode uye resistors pamwe chete, iwe unodzora kumberi ikozvino uye chengetedza maLED ako. Iwe unoita shuwa kuti light emitting diode inowana chete huwandu hwakakodzera hwemagetsi. Izvi zvinochengeta dunhu rako rakachengeteka uye ma LED ako achipenya.
Light emitting diode basics
Mashandisiro anoita mwenje-emitting diode
Ungashamisika kuti sei mwenje inoburitsa diode kupenya chaiko. Kana iwe ukabatanidza ma LED kune simba remagetsi, magetsi anoyerera kuburikidza ne pn junction mukati mega yega light emitting diode. Ma electrons nemaburi zvinosangana pajunction iyi. Kudyidzana kwavo kunoburitsa simba sechiedza chinooneka. Zvishandiso zviri mukati ma LED zvinosarudza ruvara uye kupenya. Mamwe ma LED anoshandisa makomisheni akakosha kugadzira bhuruu, girini, kana kunyange ultraviolet chiedza. Magadzirirwo akaitwa pn junction anokanganisa kuwanda kwechiedza chaunowana uye kuti chinopenya zvakadii. Kana iwe uchida yakakwira-kusimba leds, iwe unoda madhizaini anoregedza mwenje wakawanda kutiza kubva kune diode.
Heano kutarisa nekukurumidza pane zvinoitika mukati memwenje emitting diode:
Ma electrons anofamba achiyambuka pn junction.
Makomba anomirira kune rumwe rutivi rwekusangana.
Kana maerekitironi nemakomba asangana, anoburitsa simba sechiedza.
Mhando ye semiconductor inosarudza ruvara uye kupenya kwakatungamira.
Anode uye cathode kuzivikanwa
Iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza ma LED ako nenzira kwayo mudunhu rako. Kana iwe ukasanganisa anode uye cathode, yako light emitting diode haishande. Iwe unogona kuona anode uye cathode nekutarisa makumbo uye muviri we LED. Gumbo rakareba ndiro anode, iyo inobatanidza kune rutivi rwakanaka. Gumbo rakapfupika ndiro cathode, inoenda kudivi rakashata. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unoona yakadzika notch pamucheto we LED. Iyo notch inoratidza iyo cathode. Mukati me LED, chidimbu chakakura zvakare i cathode. Surface gomo ma LEDs anowanzo aine madiki mamaki kuratidza polarity. Gara uchitarisa zviratidzo izvi usati wawedzera mwenje emitting diode kudunhu rako.
Heino nzira yaungaziva nayo vanotungamira:
Mutobvu wakareba = anode (+)
Mutobvu mupfupi = cathode (-)
Yakatsetseka notch padivi = cathode
Kuguma kukuru mukati me LED = cathode
LED vs. standard diode
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti diode dzose dzinoshanda zvakafanana, asi chiedza chinobudisa diode chine zvakakosha. Madhidhiyo enguva dzose anongotonga kutungamira ikozvino. Ma LED anoita izvozvo zvakare, asi anoitawo chiedza. Zvishandiso zviri mukati memwenje emitting diode zvakasiyana neyakajairwa silicon diode. Ma LED anoshandisa makemikari anogona kupenya kana magetsi achipfuura. Standard diodes haibudisi chiedza. Mumwe musiyano mukuru ndewekuti ingani reverse voltage yega yega inogona kubata. Mazhinji ma LED ane yakaderera reverse voltage ratings pane yenguva dzose diode. Kana iwe ukaisa yakawandisa reverse voltage kune mwenje emitting diode, anogona kupwanya nyore.
Tarisa uone tafura iyi inoratidza yakajairika yekumberi voltage kune akasiyana mavara e LEDs:
ruvara | Pamberi Voltage |
|---|---|
michini | <1.9 V |
Tsvuku | 1.7 kusvika 2.2 V |
Orenji | 2.0 kusvika 2.2 V |
Yero | 2.1 kusvika 2.4 V |
Girinhi | 2.0 kusvika 2.3 V |
Bhuruu | 3.2 kusvika 4.0 V |
ultraviolet | 2.1 kusvika 3.8 V |
Chena | 3.3 kusvika 3.6 V |
Mazhinji emwenje emitting diodes anomhanya pa20, 40, 60, kana 80 mA. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zviyero izvi usati wawedzera ma LED kudunhu rako. Kana iwe ukashandisa yakawandisa ikozvino, ma LED ako achapera. Kana iwe ukashandisa zvishoma, hauzowana kukwana kwakatungamira kupenya.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa izvo zvema LEDs ako usati wavaka dunhu rako. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti udzivise kukanganisa uye kuchengetedza mwenje wako unoburitsa diode uchishanda kwenguva refu.
Kubatanidza ma LED mumasekete
Kusarudza diode yakarurama
Paunenge uchiita dunhu rinotungamira, kutora diode yakakodzera kwakakosha. Iwe unoda kuti ma LED ako agare uye ave akajeka. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zvinhu zvishoma usati wasarudza. Diodes ane zviyero zvezvino uye voltage. Zviyero izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanogona kubata zvakadii. Kana iyo diode isingakwanise kubata zvakakwana kumberi ikozvino, yako chiedza emitting diode inogona kutyoka. Iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa reverse voltage rating. Kana iyo voltage ikakwira zvakanyanya munzira isiriyo, iyo diode inogona kumira kushanda.
Heino tafura yekukubatsira iwe kuziva chekutarisa kana uchitora diode yemadhiri ako:
Zvikonzero | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Pamberi Pazvino (IF) | Yakanyanya ikozvino diode inogona kutora isati yapwanyika. |
Kwete-inodzokorora Peak Forward Current (IFSM) | Imwe-nguva yekuvhiya ikozvino diode inogona kutora mune dzakakosha kesi. |
Repetitive Peak Forward Current (IFRM) | Chiyero chazvino chemapurusi anodzokororwa, akanakira kutanga-upsurges. |
Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage (VRRM) | Yakakwira reverse voltage iyo diode inogona kutora; yakawandisa inogona kuityora. |
Simba Kusvina | Simba rose rakarasika sekupisa; haifanire kudarika muganhu we diode. |
Junction uye Storage Temperature | Tembiricha yemhando ye diode; kunyanya kupisa kunogona kukonzera kukundikana. |
Kupisa Kwemhepo | Inoshandiswa kuona kuti yakawanda sei kupisa iyo diode inogona kubata; inoratidzwa muK/W kana °C/W. |
Reverse Recovery Time (trr) | Zvakakosha pakuchinja; nguva pfupi inoreva kurasikirwa kushoma. |
Current Stress | Inoratidza yakanyanya ikozvino inobvumidzwa kuburikidza nedhiodhi. |
Voltage Stress | Inoratidza iyo yakanyanya voltage inobvumirwa kuyambuka diode; mazinga akachengeteka ari 50% -70%. |
Simba Stress | Inoratidza simba rakawanda rakarasika sekupisa; kazhinji kuiswa pa50%. |
Kushushikana Kwemhepo | Inoratidza tembiricha yepamusoro inobvumidzwa; yakachengeteka tsika i50% -80%. |
Matanidza mwero weiyo diode yekumberi ikozvino nemaledhi ako. Kana mwenje wako unoburitsa madhiodhi uchishandisa yakakwira kumberi ikozvino, tora diode inokwanisa kuibata. Nguva dzose tarisa dhetabheti ye diode yako uye leds. Funga nezvetembiricha zvakare. Kana dunhu rako richipisa, ita shuwa kuti diode yako inogona kushanda mumamiriro iwayo.
Zano: Shandisa diode ine reverse voltage rating yakakwira pane yako magetsi. Izvi zvinochengetedza diode yako inoburitsa mwenje yakachengeteka kubva kune voltage spikes.
Kuverengera resistor values
Iwe unoda a ikozvino kumisa resistor kuchengetedza led dzako dzakachengeteka. Kana iwe ukasvetuka izvi, yako light emitting diode inogona kupisa. Kuti uwane resistor chaiyo, unoda zvinhu zvitatu: magetsi ekupa, kumberi kwemagetsi emagetsi ako, uye mberi ikozvino.
Heano maitiro aunokwanisa kuona iyo resistor kukosha:
Tsvaga yako magetsi ekupa (V_s). Izvi zvinobva kubhatiri rako kana magetsi.
Tarisa kumberi voltage (V_f) kune yako leds. Tarisa mudhetabheti.
Tsvaga yemberi ikozvino (I_f) yechiedza chako chinoburitsa diode. Mazhinji leds anoshandisa 20mA kusvika 80mA.
Shandisa iyi fomula:
R = (V_s - V_f) / I_f
Shandisa amps yezvino. Kana yako led ichishandisa 25mA, shandisa 0.025A mune fomula.
Ngatiedzei muenzaniso. Une bhatiri re12V uye mwenje unoburitsa diode ine kumberi voltage ye3.5V. Iyo yekumberi ikozvino ndeye 25mA.R = (12 - 3.5) / 0.025 = 340 ohms
Sarudza chinopikisa chiri pedyo nenhamba iyi. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana chaiyo kukosha, tenderera kusvika kune inotevera standard resistor.
Ongorora: Gara uchitenderedza kuti uchengetedze led dzako. Yakawandisa ikozvino inogona kukuvadza mwenje wako emitting diode.
Heino rondedzero yekuverenga resistor values:
Tsvaga magetsi ekupa uye kumberi kwemagetsi emagetsi ako.
Tsvaga iyo yekumberi ikozvino yechiedza chako emitting diode.
Shandisa fomula kuti uwane kuramba.
Rongedza kushivirira uye sarudza iri padyo standard resistor.
Wiring matanho
Iwe unoda kuti ma lead ako ashande pese paunoabatidza. Tevera matanho aya kuti waya dunhu rako zvakachengeteka:
Batanidza divi rakanaka remwenje unoburitsa diode kune yakanaka terminal yebhatiri rako kana magetsi.
Batanidza divi rakashata rechiedza chako emitting diode kune iyo isina kunaka terminal.
Isa yazvino yekumisa resistor munhevedzano ine yako leds. Izvi zvinochengetedza ikozvino mberi zvakachengeteka.
Kana iwe ukashandisa diode yekudzivirira, ibatanidze munhevedzano nemadhizaini ako. Ita shuwa kuti polarity inoenderana nekuyerera kwazvino.
Bvisa insulation kubva waya dzako. Tin inoguma ne solder. Solder waya kumakumbo emakumbo ako uye resistor.
Kune anopfuura imwe inotungamira, waya iwo wakafanana. Ipa mwenje wega wega unoburitsa diode inodzivirira yayo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuyera kumberi ikozvino uye kuchengetedza ma lead ako ese akajeka.
Tarisa kaviri hukama hwako usati wabatidza dunhu.
Chengetedzo Zano: Usambofa wawedzera kana kubvisa diode kana dunhu rine simba. Ngwarira paunenge uchitengesa. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukuvadza leds yako uye diode. Gara uchiisa ma diode matsva munzira kwayo.
Chengetedza yako led circuit yakachengeteka uye ichishanda zvakanaka. Shandisa zvakanaka zvinobatanidza uye ita shuwa kuti wiring yako yakasimba. Kana ukashandisa high-intensity light emitting diodes, pfeka maziso ekudzivirira. Chengetedza nzvimbo yako yekushandira yakachena uye yakachena.
Callout: Kana iwe ukashandisa shanduri, ita shuwa kuti inoenderana nemadhizaini ako. Kushandisa madhiodhi ane zviyero zvakafanira uye ikozvino inomisa resistor inobatsira kumisa overvoltage uye kuchengetedza mwenje wako unoburitsa diode uchishanda kwenguva refu.
Paunotevera matanho aya, dunhu rako rinoshanda zvakanaka. Maledhi ako anopenya, uye unodzivirira matambudziko sekupisa kana kupisa mwenje wako emitting diode. Kushandisa diode mudunhu rako rinotungamira kunopa kumwe kuchengetedza uye kunobatsira purojekiti yako kugara.
Kugadzirisa mwenje-emitting diode
Zvikanganiso zvakajairika
Paunenge uchivaka dunhu rine leds, unogona kumhanya mune mamwe zvikanganiso zvakajairwa. Izvi zvikanganiso zvinogona kumisa led dzako kushanda kana kukonzeresa kukuvara. Heino tafura yekukubatsira kuona zvingangoshata:
Rudzi rweKanganiso | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Simba risina kukwana | Leds inoda voltage chaiyo uye mberi ikozvino. Simba risina kukwana rinoreva kukundikana. |
Circuit wiring error | Kana iwe ukaisa waya yako kumashure, ivo havazovheneke. |
Circuit chikamu kukuvara | Yakaputsika resistors kana diode inogona kumisa led kubva kushanda. |
LED kukuvara | Yakanyanya kumberi ikozvino kana static inogona kutyora leds. |
LED kuchembera | Leds inoderera nekufamba kwenguva. |
High kutonhora | Kupisa kunogona kuderedza kutungamirira kushanda kana kukonzera kukundikana. |
Chiedza che ambient chakawandisa | Makamuri anopenya anogona kuita kuti zviome kuona kana ma led akabatidzwa. |
Production process issues | Kusangana kwakashata kunogona kutungamirira kune yakaipa led. |
Material defects | Zvinhu zvakashata zvinogona kukonzera kutungamirira kukundikana kare. |
Zano: Gara uchitarisa kaviri wiring yako uye shandisa chinodzivirira chakakodzera kudzora ikozvino. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti leds yako igare kwenguva refu.
Kuongorora nyaya dzedunhu
Kana ma LED ako asingavheneke, unogona kutevera matanho aya kuti uwane dambudziko mudunhu rako:
Ita shuwa kuti simba rakabatidzwa uye led dzako dzine simba.
Tarisa socket newaya kuti pane kukuvara kana ngura.
Tarisa zvese zvinongedzo. Ita shuwa kuti hauna kuyambuka waya uye kuti polarity ndeyechokwadi.
Edza imwe magetsi emagetsi kuti uone kana maLED ako achida mamwe voltage kana kumberi ikozvino.
Shandisa multimeter kutarisa polarity. Kana iyo voltage isiriyo, yako leds haishande.
Edzai mapfupi maseketi ane multimeter nekuyera kuramba.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa aya ekukurumidza cheki kune polarity:
Tarisa kune zvinotungamira. Iyo yakareba iri positive, mupfupi ndiye negative.
Shandisa multimeter mune diode mode. Kana ma-leds asingavhenekeri, shandura probes.
Edza bhatiri resimbi. Kana ma LED achivhenekera, une polarity chaiyo.
Tsvaga rutivi rwakafuratira panheyo yakatungamirira. Zvinoratidza divi rakashata.
Ongorora: A simple voltage multimeter inogona kukubatsira kutarisa voltage, kuenderera mberi, uye kumberi ikozvino mudunhu rako.
Kudzivirira kutadza kwe LED
Iwe unoda kuti ma LED ako apenye zvakajeka uye agare kwenguva yakareba. Hedzino dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza yako leds yakachengeteka mudunhu rako:
nzira | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Shandisa magetsi ane mapeak mashoma | Inomisa yakawandisa kumberi ikozvino kuti isasvike maledhi ako. |
Wedzera reverse polarity dziviriro | Madhiodhi anoenderana nemaledhi anovachengetedza kubva pakubatana kwakashata. |
Edzai hot plug current | Cheka kwekamwe kamwe kumberi kwezvino spikes panguva yegungano. |
Tevera nhanho dzakanaka dzegungano | Batanidza simba chete mushure mekunge led dzako dzave panzvimbo. |
Shandisa zvibatanidza zvemhando yepamusoro | Zvakanaka zvinongedzo zvinochengeta kumberi ikozvino kwakadzikama uye kudzivirira kushushikana. |
Kupisa kwepamusoro kunogona kukuvadza ma LED ako. Kana maledhi achipisa zvakanyanya, anoda simba rakawanda rechiedza chidiki. Nokufamba kwenguva, kupisa kunoita kuti matomu aderere uye anogona kuita kuti atadze. Kamwe kamwe kuchinja kwekushisa kunogonawo kuputsa led. Nguva dzose chengetedza dunhu rako richitonhorera uye shandisa kupisa sinks kana zvichidikanwa.
Callout: Yakawandisa kumberi ikozvino, reverse voltage, kana kupisa ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvinotungamira kutadza. Nguva dzose shandisa iyo chaiyo resistor uye diode kuchengetedza yako leds.
Kana iwe ukatevera matipi aya, yako leds inoshanda zvakanaka mudunhu rako. Iwe unodzivirira matambudziko mazhinji uye chengetedza ma lead ako achipenya kwenguva yakareba.
Iwe unogona kugadzira maseketi e LED anoshanda nemazvo nekutevera matanho ari nyore. Nguva dzose tarisa nzira iyo LED inoenda nayo. Tarisa mucherechedzo kana ndiro huru yesimbi kuti uwane divi rakashata. Shandisa resistor kuchengetedza mberi ikozvino yakachengeteka. Izvi zvinobatsira ma LED ako kuti agare akajeka uye agare kwenguva refu. Ita shuwa kuti waya dzako dzakasimba. Shandisa zvakanaka zvibatanidza kuitira kuti dunhu rako rive rakachengeteka.
Maitiro Akanyanya | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Yakagadzikana Resistor Mounting | Rega kukuvadzwa kubva pakuzununguka nekubata zvinopikisa zvakasimba. |
Circuit Integrity Check | Tarisa dunhu rako mushure mekuwedzera resistors kuti uwane zvikanganiso. |
Rangarira aya matipi paunovaka yako inotevera LED purojekiti. Geza dunhu rako kazhinji. Tarisa kune waya dzisina kusimba. Tarisa kupisa kwakanyanya. Aya matanho anobatsira ma LED ako kupenya kwenguva yakareba.
FAQ
Ini ndinogona kushandisa chero diode neangu LED dunhu?
Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza diode inoenderana neyako LED voltage uye ikozvino. Tarisa dhetabheti kumativi ose maviri. Kana ukashandisa diode isiriyo, yako LED inogona kusashanda kana kukuvara.
Sei LED yangu isingavheneke kunyangwe zvese zvinotaridzika zvakabatana?
Tarisa polarity kutanga. Gumbo refu rinoenda kune positive. Iva nechokwadi chokuti une resistor munhevedzano. Kana iwe ukasvetuka chinopikisa, yako LED inogona kupisa nekukurumidza.
Ndinoziva sei kuti ndeipi resistor yekushandisa ne LED yangu?
Shandisa iyi fomula:Resistor = (Supply Voltage - LED Voltage) / LED Current
Tarisa pane yako LED dhairekitori yemagetsi uye yazvino. Konderedzwa kusvika kune iri pedyo chiyero resistor value.
Chii chinoitika kana ndikabatanidza LED yangu kumashure?
LED yako haibatike. Dzimwe nguva, inogona kukuvadzwa. Gara uchitarisa anode uye cathode usati wasimudza dunhu rako.
Ini ndinoda diode yeese LED muprojekiti yangu?
Iwe haudi diode yakaparadzana kune yega yega LED. Imwe yekudzivirira diode yedunhu rese inoshanda muzviitiko zvakawanda. Kana iwe ukashandisa akawanda ma LED, ita shuwa kuti yega yega ine resistor yayo.
