Kudzoreredza mainjiniya pcb, tanga watarisa pabhodhi zvakanyanya. Nyora pasi chikamu chimwe nechimwe chaunoona. Shandisa maturusi akaita semakamera uye multimeter kuti uwane kwainoenda. Unofanira kunyora pasi zvose zvaunoita. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuziva iyo mitemo padanho rega rega.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa mitemo yepamutemo usati watanga.
Kufunga Kwemutemo
tsananguro
Intellectual Property
Copyrights, patents, uye zvakavanzika zvekutengeserana zvinogona kuchengetedza dhizaini yebhodhi.
Muridzi uye Chinangwa
Unofanira kuva muridzi webhodhi uye kushandisa reverse engineering pakugadzirisa, kutsvagisa, kana kudzidza.
Electronic reverse engineering inoita kuti ugadzirise, uvandudze, kana kudzidza nezve bhodhi redunhu. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa reverse engineering kuti vave nani pamabasa avo. Zvinovabatsira kugadzira zvigadzirwa zviri nani. Kana iwe ukatevera nhanho imwe neimwe yakarongeka, iwe uchaita zvakanaka.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Gara uine chokwadi chekuti unotevedzera mutemo uye kuti une bhodhi rako usati watanga reverse engineering . Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti ugare wakachengeteka uye wakarurama.
Shandisa maturusi akakodzera semakamera, maikorosikopu, uye software. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuti utarise zvakanyanya uye kurekodha chikamu chimwe nechimwe uye mutsara pabhodhi.
Gadzira nzvimbo yekushanda yakachena uye yakachengeteka. Shandisa dziviriro yakakodzera kuti urege kutyora chero chinhu uye unogona kushanda zvakanaka.
Tora mifananidzo yakajeka yemativi maviri ebhodhi. Nyora manotsi akanaka kuti akubatsire kutevera nzira uye kugadzira hurongwa chaihwo.
Edza uye tarisa zvese zvinongedzo nemidziyo senge multimeter uye oscilloscopes. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana uye kugadzirisa matambudziko zviri nyore.
Electronic Reverse Engineering Overview
Chii Chinonzi Reverse Engineering?
Electronic reverse engineering inobatsira iwe kudzidza mashandiro anoita bhodhi. Iwe tora bhodhi rakaparadzana uye utarise chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Iwe unotevedzera zvese zvinoteedzera uye kubatana kuti uone kuti zvinoshanda sei. Izvi zvinokuita kuti unzwisise magadzirirwo uye marongerwo ebhodhi. Iwe unogona kushandisa unyanzvi uhwu kugadzirisa mapuranga kana kuita kuti zvive nani. Inokubatsirawo kudzidza nzira itsva dzekushanda nemabhodhi. Nemagetsi reverse engineering, unogona kuona kuti zvishandiso zvako zvinoshanda sei mukati.
Sei Reverse Engineer a Circuit Board?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekudzosera mainjiniya ePCB . Dzimwe nguva, unofanirwa kugadzirisa bhodhi kana zvikamu zvisipo. Ungangoda kutarisa kana bhodhi riri renhema kana kuti rechokwadi. Ungangoda kuona kuti bhodhi reimwe kambani rinoshanda sei. Unogona zvakare kutsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza mabhodhi ako. Heano mamwe ezvikonzero zvinoita kuti vanhu vaite reverse engineering yePCB:
Chinjana zvikamu zvekare kuitira kuti mapuranga arambe achishanda.
Tsvaga zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo uye misa kurwiswa kwehardware.
Tarisa magadzirirwo uye gadzirisa matambudziko panguva yekuvaka.
Gadzira mapuranga zviri nani uye uvandudze kuti anogadzirwa sei.
Tarisa mamwe mabhodhi kuti uwane mazano matsva.
Ongorora: Gara uchitevera mutemo uye uve wakanaka kana iwe uchidzosera mainjiniya bhodhi. Unofanira kuva muridzi webhodhi uye kuremekedza kodzero dzevamwe. Mitemo yakaita sekodzero, patent, uye mitemo yakavanzika yekutengeserana inodzivirira mabhodhi akawanda. Zvimwe zvibvumirano zvinogona kuti haugone kudzosera mainjiniya. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mimwe mitemo yakakosha yemutemo netsika:
Zvemutemo/Ethical Aspect | Nheyo dzinokosha |
|---|---|
Copyright Law & DMCA | Ingorega iwe uchidzosera mainjiniya kune zvinhu zvakaita sekutsvaga kana kuita kuti zvinhu zvishande pamwechete. |
Trade Secret Law | Unofanira kuva wakarurama uye wakatendeseka. |
Chibvumirano Mutemo | Mamwe madhiri haatenderi reverse engineering. |
Mutemo wePatent | Patents inodzivirira zvigadzirwa. Usatyora mitemo iyi. |
Ethics | Iva akatendeseka uye remekedza vanhu vakagadzira bhodhi. |
Electronic reverse engineering inokubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva. Paunotevera mitemo, unobatsira pfungwa itsva kukura uye kuremekedza basa revamwe.
Zvishandiso uye Kugadzirira
Zvishandiso Zvinokosha zveReverse Engineering
Unoda maturusi akakosha kuti utange reverse engineering bhodhi redunhu. Chishandiso chega chega chinokubatsira kutarisa bhodhi neimwe nzira. Zvimwe zvishandiso zvinokubatsira kuona zvikamu zvidiki. Vamwe vanokubatsira kuyera kana kunyora zvaunowana. Nyanzvi dzinoshandisa zvishandiso izvi pamatanho ese. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mhando huru, mienzaniso, uye kangani iwe unozvishandisa:
Tool Category | Zvishandiso Zvinosanganisirwa | Kushandisa Frequency uye Chinangwa |
|---|---|---|
Hardware Zvishandiso | Desoldering station, rework station, signal analyzers, oscilloscopes, microscopes, imaging systems, X-ray machines. | Yakashandiswa yakawanda kubvisa zvikamu, kutarisa zvidimbu, uye kutora mifananidzo. |
Software Zvishandiso | Maturusi ekugadzirisa mifananidzo, PCB dhizaini software, schematic yekutora maturusi, wedunhu simulation software | Inoshandiswa kazhinji kugadzira manotsi, kudhirowa bhodhi, uye kutarisa basa rako. |
Yepamberi Technologies | 3D scanning, AI, otomatiki reverse engineering maturusi | Inoshandiswa kumapuranga akaoma. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira asi hazvitsive maturusi makuru. |
Uchashandisa maturusi aya kakawanda paunenge uchishanda. Ungangoda kamera kuti utore mifananidzo yakajeka. Maikorosikopu inokubatsira kuona mitsetse midiki. Software yekugadzira PCB inokutendera kuti udhirowe zvaunowana. Nguva dzose sarudza maturusi akakodzera saizi yebhodhi rako uye kuti rakaoma sei.
Kugadzirira Kuongorora Dare Redunhu
Nzvimbo yebasa yakachena uye yakachengeteka inokubatsira kudzivirira zvikanganiso. Inokuchengetedzawo uine hutano hwakanaka. Tevedzera matanho aya kuti ugadzirire:
Pfeka magurovhosi uye mavharovha kuti uchengetedze ganda rako kubva kuguruva nemakemikari.
Shandisa magirazi ekuchengetedza kana magirazi kudzivirira maziso ako paunenge uchibvisa zvikamu.
Shanda munzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena. Shandisa mafeni kana kuvhura mahwindo kuti usafeme utsi.
Nguva dzose dzima uye bvisa bhodhi usati watanga. Bvisa chero mabhatiri.
Shandisa ESD dziviriro senge tambo dzemaoko uye mateti kumisa static kubva mukukuvadza bhodhi.
Usadye kana kunwa munzvimbo yebasa. Geza maoko mushure mekushandisa makemikari.
Isa zvishandiso zvako zvese uye zvekushandisa patafura yakachena usati watanga.
Iva munyoro nechikamu chimwe nechimwe kuitira kuti usaputse chero chinhu chidiki.
Zano: Iva nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi rako ndiro rauri kushandisa usati watanga reverse engineering. Tevedzera mitemo yese yepamutemo uye shandisa maturusi aya chete pakudzidza, kugadzirisa, kana kutsvagisa.
Iyo yakanaka setup inochengeta purojekiti yako yakachengeteka uye yakatsvinda. Kunyatsoronga kunobatsira iwe kuita basa rako rakanakisa reverse engineering.
Kunyora Dare Redunhu
Kutora Mapikicha Mativi Maviri
Unoda mafoto akajeka kuti utange yako reverse engineering project. Tevedza aya matanho kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka:
Isa bhodhi pane yakasviba kumashure. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuona maburi nemacheto zviri nani.
Shandisa kamera yemhando yepamusoro uye mwenje wakanaka. Ita shuwa kuti mativi ese ebhodhi ane mwenje wakajeka.
Tora mifananidzo yemativi ese. Izvi zvinokupa hurongwa hwakazara hwebasa rako.
Dhonza mufananidzo wega wega kuitira kuti bhodhi riratidzike. Bvisa chero chinhu chiri kumashure.
Rongedza mafoto. Chinjana machanera eruvara kuita maburi nemapads emasolder abude pachena.
Bvisa trackpads mumifananidzo usati washandisa software seAutoTrace.
Maka chero maburi akasununguka kana asina kubatanidzwa, kunyanya kana bhodhi rine zvidimbu zvakawanda.
Gadzirisa saturation uye maseru kuti uone nzvimbo dzakapendwa zvirinani.
Chenesa makwara ari mumifananidzo. Izvi zvinokubatsira iwe paunenge uchitsvaga bhodhi.
Chinja mafoto kuita greyscale uye shandura iwo. Izvi zvinoita kuti mitsetse isvibe pane chena kumashure.
Dzokorora matanho ose aya kune rimwe divi rebhodhi. Unoda mativi maviri ehurongwa hwakakwana.
Zano: Mapikicha akanaka anoita kuti kutsvaga kuve nyore uye anokubatsira kudzivirira kukanganisa gare gare.
Cataloging Components
Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa chikamu chese chiri pabhodhi. Tanga nekugadzira Bhiri reZvinhu (BOM). Nyora pasi rudzi rwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kukosha, uye zvachinoita. Ipa chikamu chimwe nechimwe zita kana nhamba yakasiyana. Shandisa madheti kuti akubatsire kuwana ruzivo nezve chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana dheti, edza kudzosera injiniya iyo pinout. Unogona kushandisa 3D scanning kugadzira madhijitari ezvikamu zvekare. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuchengetedza dhizaini yeramangwana. Shandisa maturusi senge multimeter uye analyzer kutarisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Rongedza referensi dhizaini kune chimwe nechimwe chikamu. Izvi zvinoita kuti kutsvaga kwako uye zvinyorwa zvive pachena. Paunenge uchitsvaga bhodhi, shandisa mazita aya kuratidza kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobatana sei.
Kubvisa Zvikamu (Kana Zvichidiwa)
Dzimwe nguva unofanirwa kutora zvikamu kubva pabhodhi kuti uone maronda kana kuedza iwo. Ngwarira, sezvo kubvisa zvikamu zvinogona kukuvadza bhodhi kana zvikamu. Heano mamwe maitiro akanaka:
Chengetedza kupisa pachikamu kwenguva shoma sezvinobvira.
Shandisa saizi yakakodzera desolder wick kune inotungamira kana mapedhi.
Nyanisa simbi yako yesimbi kune hupamhi hwetambo.
Cheka yakashandiswa desolder braid kazhinji kuti irambe ichishanda zvakanaka.
Shandisa maturusi akakosha senge vacuum desoldering zviteshi zvekupfuura-maburi zvikamu.
Edza ma tweezers anopisa emidziyo yepamusoro-soro.
Shandisa chiteshi chemhepo inopisa kune zvikamu zvidiki kana zvakazara.
Gara uchipfeka magirazi ekuchengetedza uye magirovhosi asingapise kupisa.
Shanda munzvimbo ine mhepo yakanaka.
Kunyatsobvisa kunochengetedza bhodhi uye kunoita kuti kutsvaga kuve nyore. Gara uchinyora nhanho imwe neimwe nemifananidzo uye manotsi.
Reverse Engineering Maitiro
PCB Copy
Kutora mafoto uye kuongorora PCB
Iwe unotanga nekutora mifananidzo yakajeka yemativi maviri ebhodhi. Shandisa chiedza chakanaka uye ruoko rwakadzikama. Kutarisa bhodhi neflatbed scanner kunogona kukubatsira kuona zvakanaka. Mapikicha aya anokubatsira kuronda gare gare. Kana iwe uchida kudzosera kumashure mainjiniya pcb, gara chengetedza mafoto ako akarongeka.
Kugadziriswa Kwemifananidzo uye Kutsvaga Mepu
Tevere, iwe unogadzirisa iwo mafoto kuti aite kuti zviratidzike zvioneke. Gadzirisa kupenya nekusiyanisa. Shandisa mufananidzo editing software kuratidza pads uye vias. Kutsvaga mutsara wega wega pabhodhi kunokubatsira kuona mafambiro anoita masaini. Kunyatsotsvaga kwakakosha kune reverse engineering.
Kuziva Mapedhi, Matare, uye Vias
Tarisa zvakanyanya pabhodhi. Maka padhi yega yega, tsvaga, uye kuburikidza. Shandisa maikorosikopu kana uchida kuona zvikamu zviduku. Kutsvaga kubatana kwese kunokubatsira kuti unzwisise marongerwo ebhodhi. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa nzira yega yega yekutyora kana kukuvara.
Kurongedza uye Kuisa Mifananidzo Yemabhodhi-Maviri-Matudhi
Kana bhodhi rako riine mativi maviri, gadzirisa mafoto. Shandisa software kuisa mifananidzo. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuenzanisa zvironda kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe. Kutsvaga mativi ese ari maviri kunoita kuti iwe uone nzira izere yechiratidzo chega chega.
Kugadzirazve iyo PCB Layout muDesign Software
Zvino, shandisa PCB dhizaini software kudhirowa bhodhi. Isa chikamu chimwe nechimwe pawachiwana. Dhirowa yese trace uye kuburikidza. Kana wapedza, unogona kugadzira Gerber mafaira. Aya mafaira ndiwo akajairwa kugadzira mapuranga matsva. Nguva dzose chengetedza basa rako uye chengeta zvinyorwa zvenhanho imwe neimwe.
BOM Remake
Cataloging uye Kuziva Zvikamu
Unofanira kunyora chikamu chimwe nechimwe pabhodhi. Shandisa yako yekutevera uye mapikicha kuenderana nechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Tarisa mamaki uye shandisa madheti kuti uwane ruzivo.
Kutsvagisa Chikamu Zvinotsanangurwa
Tarisa uone kukosha uye kushanda kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Shandisa online dhatabhesi uye chikamu chekutsvaga injini. Kutsvaga dunhu kunobatsira iwe kufungidzira zvisingazivikanwe zvikamu.
Kugadzira Bhiri reZvinhu (BOM)
Nyora pasi zita rechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kukosha, uye kwachinoenda pabhodhi. Iyi BOM inokubatsira kuvakazve kana kugadzirisa bhodhi.
Sourcing Replacement Parts
Tsvaga vatengesi vanovimbwa vechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Dzivisa mapatsi emanyepo nekutarisa kwaanobva. Kutsvaga kwakanaka uye mapikicha zvinokubatsira kuodha zvinhu chaizvo.
IC Vhura
Kuziva Yakakiyiwa kana Yakavharidzirwa ICs
Mamwe machipisi pabhodhi anogona kukiyiwa. Tarisa mamark kana data isipo. Kutsvaga mapini kunogona kukubatsira kuona aya maIC.
Kutsvakurudza Nzira dzekuzarura
Unogona kuedza kurwiswa kwesoftware, kuongororwa kwemagetsi, kana kunyange michina yakakosha. Imwe neimwe nzira inoenderana nemhando yechip.
Kuedza Kuwana kana Kurasa Firmware
Kana iwe ukaedza kuvhura chip, shandisa maturusi akakodzera. Gara uchitevera mutemo. Dzimwe nyika dzine mitemo yakasimba pamusoro pekuvhura machipisi.
Kunyora Zvawanikwa uye Zvinogumira
Nyora pasi danho rega rega raunotora. Chengeta zvinyorwa pane zvakashanda nezvisina. Zvinyorwa zvakanaka zvinobatsira vamwe kudzokorora basa rako.
Zano: Kunyatsotsvaga uye manotsi akajeka anoita kuti pcb reverse engineering ive nyore uye kuchengeteka.
Verification uye Matanho Ekupedzisira
Cross-Checking Connections
Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kuti kubatana kwese kunoenderana nezvinyorwa zvako. Shandisa multimeter kuti uone kana mapini uye maronda akabatana. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana nzira dzakaputsika kana dzisipo. Kune akawanda mabhodhi mabhodhi, rongedza mifananidzo yako uye tsvaga nzira dzakavanzwa. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa bhodhi kana kushandisa yakakosha makamera kutarisa mukati. Hedzino dzimwe nzira dzekutarisa hukama:
Shandisa multimeter kumepu uye kuyedza matanho.
Rongedza mifananidzo yemapuranga ane anopfuura rimwe divi.
Tora bhodhi rakaparadzana uye utarise nemaikorosikopu.
Shandisa software kuti uone kana kudhirowa kwako kuchienderana nebhodhi chairo.
Edzai masaini ane oscilloscope kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanda.
Gara uchitarisa nzira dziri nyore kuona uye dzakavanzika. Mamwe mavara ari mukati mebhodhi, saka enda zvishoma uye tarisa zvese kaviri.
Kuedza uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko
Mushure mekutarisa kubatana, unofanirwa kuyedza bhodhi . Kutanga, tarisa bhodhi kuti harina zvikamu zvakatsva here kana kuti mapadhi asipo. Tarisawo mabhiriji e solder. Shandisa maturusi ako kuti uone kana simba nepasi zvakapfupika. Batidza bhodhi zvishoma nezvishoma uchishandisa simba rinodzivirira magetsi. Tarisa matambudziko akadai senzvimbo dzinopisa kana mwenje isingabatidzi.
Kana bhodhi risingashande, edza chikamu chimwe nechimwe chega. Shandisa oscilloscopes uye logic analyzer kutarisa zviratidzo. Enzanisa zvaunoona kune yako reverse engineering dhizaini. Kana iwe ukawana dambudziko, tevera nzira yechiratidzo kuti uwane chakashata. Pamabhodhi akaoma, ungangoda X-ray kana CT scans.
Tarisa pabhodhi
Tarisa kune zvikabudura uye mavheti ekurudyi
Edza kana bhodhi richishanda panzvimbo dzekuedzwa
Shandisa maturusi kuwana nekugadzirisa matambudziko
Bhiri reZvinhu uye Zvinyorwa
Manotsi akanaka akakosha kune reverse engineering. Gadzira bhiri rezvinhu (BOM) nechikamu chimwe nechimwe pabhodhi. Nyora pasi nhamba yechikamu, chii, kuti unochitenga kupi, uye kuti ingani yaunoda. Tora mifananidzo usati watora bhodhi uye mushure. Nyora pasi nhanho yega yega, kusanganisira kuronda nekuongororwa. Shandisa matafura nemifananidzo kuratidza kuti bhodhi rinoshanda sei.
Documentation Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
BOOM | Nyora chikamu nhamba, vatengesi, uye huwandu |
Magadzirirwo Ekugadzira | Nyora pasi matanho ekutsvaga uye ekuedza |
Zvinhu Zvinooneka | Wedzera mifananidzo yakanyorwa uye mifananidzo |
Test Plans | Tsanangura kuti wakaedza sei bhodhi |
Marekodhi akanaka anokubatsira kuvakazve bhodhi, kuchengetedza mari, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti basa rako rakanaka. Kuchengeta manotsi akajeka kunoita kuti zvive nyore kugovera uye kuita chirongwa zvakare.
Unogona kugona electronic reverse engineering kana ukatevera nhanho imwe neimwe nokungwarira. Nguva dzose nyora pasi zvaunoita nebhodhi rega rega. Tora mifananidzo yakajeka uye nyora manotsi ebhodhi rega rega raunoshanda pariri. Shandisa maturusi ako kutarisa kubatana kwese kuri pabhodhi. Tevedzera mitemo iyi inokosha kuti uve wakarurama uye utevedzere mutemo:
Kumbira mvumo usati watora data kubva kune chero bhodhi.
Shandisa hunyanzvi hwako pabasa rebhodhi repamutemo.
Chengetedza data rese rebhodhi rakachengeteka nekudzivirira kwakasimba.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda, unogona kuedza nzira dzakaoma. Tafura iri pazasi inoronga dzimwe nzira dzekufunda mabhodhi mune zvakadzama:
Yepamberi Nzira | tsananguro | Muenzaniso Zvishandiso |
|---|---|---|
Debugging uye Disssembling | Tarisa kuti bhodhi software inoshanda sei uye kuputsa kodhi. | OllyDbg, IDA Pro |
Decompilation uye Code Analysis | Vakazve kodhi kubva kubhodhi mabhinari uye kudzidza logic. | Hex-Rays, Binary Ninja |
Cryptography uye Obfuscation | Bata encrypted kana yakavanzika board software. | x64dbg, UPX |
Malware Analysis uye Forensics | Dzidza zvinokuvadza board software uye ongorora matambudziko. | Wireshark, VirusTotal |
Kudzidza nekugovana | Ramba uchidzidza uye ugovane ruzivo rwebhodhi nevamwe. | GitHub, Reddit |
Iva nemoyo murefu uye ngwarira pabhodhi rega rega raunoshanda pariri. Ramba uchidzidza zvinhu zvitsva kuti uve nani pakushanda nemabhodhi.
FAQ
Ndechipi chinhu chekutanga chandinofanira kuita ndisati ndadzoreredza engineering bhodhi redunhu?
Kutanga, tarisa kana iwe uri muridzi webhodhi. Iva nechokwadi chokuti unobvumirwa kushanda pairi. Gara uchitevera mutemo uye uverenge chero mitemo nezve reverse engineering.
Ndinogona kudzosera mainjiniya bhodhi pasina kubvisa chero zvinhu?
Hongu, iwe unogona kazhinji kudzidza bhodhi pasina kubvisa zvikamu. Shandisa kamera, microscope, uye multimeter kutarisa bhodhi. Bvisa zvikamu chete kana usingaone kana kuyedza mamwe maitiro.
Ndeipi software inobatsira nePCB reverse engineering?
Unogona kushandisa software yekugadzira PCB yakaita seKiCad kana Eagle. Zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa mifananidzo zvakaita seGIMP kana Photoshop zvinobatsira nemifananidzo. Mapurogiramu aya anokutendera kuti udhirowe madhayagiramu uye ukope marongerwo ebhodhi.
Ndinoziva sei zvinhu zvisingazivikanwe pabhodhi?
Tarisa nhamba kana mavara pane chikamu.
Shandisa multimeter kutarisa mapini.
Tsvaga pamapepa ezvinyorwa.
Bvunza vanhu mumaforamu epamhepo kana iwe uchida rubatsiro.
Zviri pamutemo here kudzosera kumashure mainjiniya chero bhodhi redunhu?
Kwete, haugone kuchinja bhodhi rega rega. Mamwe magadzirirwo anodzivirirwa nemitemo. Nguva dzose tarisa mitemo yekodzero, patent, uye chibvumirano usati watanga. Kana usina chokwadi, bvunza nyanzvi yemutemo.
