Low Dropout regulators (LDOs) akakosha kumagetsi emazuva ano. Ivo vanochengeta yakadzikama voltage mune compact zvishandiso senge mafoni nemahwendefa. Low Dropout regulators inosimudzira kuita kwedunhu uko kurongeka kwakakosha. Ivo vanoderedza kugadzirwa kwekupisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune inotakurika gadget. Musika weLow Dropout unotarisirwa kukura kubva pamadhora 2.3 bhiriyoni muna 2023 kusvika pamadhora 3.6 bhiriyoni panosvika 2032. Chikumbiro chavo chiri kuwedzerawo mumotokari nemichina yemaindasitiri.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Low Dropout Regulators (LDOs) inopa simba rakatsiga, iro rakakosha kune zvishandiso semafoni nemahwendefa.
MaLDO anochengetedza simba uye anoita kuti kupisa kushoma , zvichibatsira kuti mabhatiri agare kwenguva refu.
Kuziva kuti dropout voltage inokosha ; dropout voltage diki inobvumira michina kushandisa simba rebhatiri zviri nani.
LDOs inoderedza ruzha, ichipa simba rakachena rezvinhu zvakaita seruzha masisitimu uye maseketi eredhiyo.
Paunenge uchitora LDO, tarisa magetsi ekuisa, kunyatsobuda, uye muganho wazvino kuti ukwane mudziyo wako.
Kunzwisisa Low Dropout Regulators
Chii chinonzi LDOs?
Chinodzora magetsi chinodzikira (LDO) chishandiso chinoita kuti magetsi arambe akadzikama. Chinoshanda kunyangwe magetsi ekupinda akakwira zvishoma pane anobuda. Iyi nzvimbo diki inonzi dropout voltage, inova chinhu chakakosha cheLDO. Kusiyana nemamwe maregulator, maLDO akanyarara, zvichiita kuti ave akanaka pakushandisa magetsi akapfava.
Funga nezveLDO sechishandiso chinopa zvishandiso zvako simba rakachena. Inoshandisa referensi voltage, mhinduro system, uye pass transistor kudzora zvinobuda. The low dropout voltage inobatsira kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kupisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti maLDO ave akakwana kune zvishandiso zvinomhanya pamabhatiri kana zvinoda simba rakanyarara.
Zvishandiso zveLDOs
Portable Electronics
MaLDO akakosha kumidziyo midiki semafoni, mahwendefa, uye smartwatches. Aya magajeti anoda kudzora simba kwakanaka kuita kuti mabhatiri agare kwenguva refu. MaLDO anoparadza simba shoma uye anonyatsokwana munzvimbo diki.
Analog uye RF Circuits
Ruzha runogona kukanganisa analog uye RF maseketi. MaLDO anopa pasi-ruzha simba, kuchengetedza masaini akajeka. Iwo anoshandiswa mumagiya ekuteerera uye maturusi ekutaurirana kune zviri nani ruzha uye yakagadzikana masaini.
Industrial and Automotive Systems
Mafekitori nemotokari dzinoshandisa maLDO kuchengetedza voltage. Mumafekitori, vanosimbisa masensa nemichina yeautomation. Mumotokari, vanobatsira kudzora masisitimu uye zvikamu zvekuvaraidza. MaLDO anoshanda nemazvo nekuchinja magetsi ekuisa, achiita kuti abatsire zvakanyanya.
Kudiwa kwemhinduro dzesimba dziri nani kwakawedzera kushandiswa kweLDO. Kuvimbika kwavo uye kuchinjika kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha mumagetsi emazuva ano.
Mashandiro Akaderera Dropout Regulators Anoshanda
Basic Architecture
Magadzirirwo emagetsi asina simba rinobuda anoshandisa dhizaini iri nyore kupa simba rakagadzikana. Zvikamu zvikuru chinhu chinopa simba , amplifier yekukanganisa , uye voltage yereferensi . Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobatsira mugadziri kushanda nemazvo.
Pass Element : Chikamu ichi, chinowanzova PMOS transistor, chinoshandura voltage inobuda nekudzora current.
Chinopa Chinopa Chinopa Chinopa Chinopa Chinoongorora voltage yemhinduro ichienzaniswa nevoltage yereferensi uye chinoudza chinhu chinopa chinopinda kuti chigadziriswe.
Reference Voltage : Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yakagadzikana yekutangira kuti pave nechinhu chakasimba chinobuda.
Macapacitors anoshandiswawo kuderedza ruzha uye kuchengetedza dunhu rakagadzikana. Tafura iri pazasi inotsanangura zvikamu izvi:
chikamu | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Pass Element | A PMOS transistor inogadzirisa inobuda voltage. |
Error Amplifier | Inofananidza voltage yemhinduro nereferensi voltage kutungamira chinhu chekupfuura. |
Voltage Reference | Inopa yakadzikama voltage yekutonga. |
Feedback Voltage Divider | Inodzikisa voltage inobuda kuti ienzanise nereferensi voltage. |
Output Capacitor | Inoderedza ruzha uye inodzikamisa dunhu panguva yekuchinja kwemutoro. |
Input Capacitor | Inosefa ruzha seyakabuda capacitor. |
Dhizaini iyi inobatsira vanodzora vane dropout shoma kuti vashande zvakanaka mumidziyo yakawanda.
Linear Regulation Principle
Vanodzora magetsi vanodzima magetsi zvishoma vanoshandisa linear regulation kuti vashande. Chinhu chinopfuudza magetsi chinoshandura resistance kuti voltage inobuda irambe yakasimba. Izvi zvinoderedza simba rinoraswa, zvichiita kuti maLDO ave akanaka pamidziyo ine simba. Voltage inodonha, kana musiyano uripo pakati pevoltage inopinza neinobuda, idiki kwazvo—kazhinji 100 kusvika 200 mV. Voltage diki iyi inoita kuti maLDO akasiyana nemamwe ma controller.
Operational Principles
Kuchengeta Output Voltage Yakatsiga
Chinodzora magetsi chinodzikira zvishoma chinochengetedza magetsi anobuda, kunyangwe magetsi anobuda akachinja. Chinopa error amplifier chinotarisa magetsi anobuda uye chinoaenzanisa nemagetsi anoshandiswa. Kana magetsi akashanduka, chinhu chinopa simba chinogadzirisa magetsi kuti chigadziriswe. Izvi zvinoita kuti michina yako iwane magetsi akachena uye akadzikama.
Kukosha Kwemhinduro
Feedback ndiyo yakakosha pamabatiro anoita yakaderera-dropout regulator. Iyo mhinduro voltage divider inodzikisira yakabuda voltage saka inogona kuenzaniswa nereferensi voltage. Izvi zvinoita kuti kukanganisa amplifier kuwana uye kugadzirisa chero shanduko. Pasina mhinduro, mutongi aisazogara akagadzikana, kunyanya nekuchinja mitoro.
Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mashandiro anoita maLDO:
Chikamu/Chimiro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Basic Architecture | MaLDO ane referensi voltage, mhinduro amplifier, uye pass transistor. |
Operational Principle | Iyo yekukanganisa amplifier inogadzirisa pass transistor kuti ichengetedze inobuda voltage. |
Dropout Voltage | Musiyano mudiki pakati pekupinza uye kubuda voltage, kazhinji 100 kusvika 200 mV. |
Nekudzidza aya mazano, iwe unogona kuona kuti yakaderera-dropout regulators sei inovimbika uye inoshanda simba.
Kubudirira muLow Dropout Regulators
Dropout Voltage
Zvazvinoreva uye Nei Zvichikosha
Dropout voltage ndiyo mukaha diki pakati pekupinza uye kubuda voltage inodiwa kuti yakaderera dropout regulator kuti ishande nemazvo. Idiki diki rekudonhedza voltage rinobatsira regulator kuti ichengetedze inobuda, kunyangwe iyo yekupinza voltage iri pedyo nekubuda. Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune zvishandiso zvinoshandisa mabhatiri. Inokuita kuti ushandise yakawanda yebhatiri mutongi asati amira kushanda. Midziyo ine yakaderera dropout voltage zvakare inogara ichitonhorera, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanyanya.
Kuenzanisa Yakaderera uye Yakakwira Dropout Nyaya
Mune yakaderera yekudonha kesi, kana mudziyo wako uchida 3.3V uye yekuisa iri 3.5V, regulator inogona kuramba ichipa yakadzikama kuburitsa. Asi mune yakakwira yekudonhedza kesi, iyo yekuisa ingangoda kuve 5V kana kupfuura kuti uwane yakafanana inobuda. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nei yakaderera dropout voltage yakakosha pakuchengetedza simba nekuvandudza kugona.
Quiescent Yazvino
Iyo Inobata sei Hupenyu hweBhatiri
Quiscent current isimba diki resimba rinoshandiswa nemutongi kana mudziyo usingashande. Low dropout regulators anogadzirwa kuti ashandise zvishoma zvezvino, izvo zvinobatsira mabhatiri kugara kwenguva refu. Nekudzikisa zvazvino, zvishandiso zvinogona kumhanya kwenguva refu pasina kurasikirwa kuita.
Low dropout regulators chengetedza simba kana zvishandiso zvisina basa.
Vanobatsira mabhatiri kugara kwenguva refu mumidziyo inotakurika.
Yakanyanya kudzika yakadzikama ikozvino inochengeta zvishandiso zvakanaka pasina kukuvadza kuita.
Kuenzanisa Simba Rakaderera uye Kuita
Kudzikisa ikozvino kwakanyarara kune kutengeserana-offs. Inobatsira hupenyu hwebhatiri asi inogona kuomesera mutongi kubata nekukurumidza shanduko muzvinodiwa zvemagetsi. Iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa idzi dzekutengesa-offs zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemudziyo wako kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka.
Thermal Management
Kugadzirisa Kupisa muMakuru-Simba Zvishandiso
Mune zvishandiso zvinoshandisa simba rakawanda, kutarisira kupisa kunokosha zvikuru. Maregulator anofanirwa kubata kupisa zvakanaka kudzivirira kukuvadzwa uye kushanda zvakavimbika. Nzira iyo bhodhi redunhu rakagadzirwa uye kuti yakawanda sei mhangura yainoshandisa inogona kukanganisa kuti kupisa kunoitwa sei.
Copper Coverage | Mhedzisiro paKudzora Kupisa | |
|---|---|---|
there 1 | Low | eresera |
there 2 | nzira | High |
there 3 | High | Pamusoro soro |
Iwe unogona kutarisa kuti mutongi anobata sei kupisa nekuyera tembiricha yekusangana uye kushandisa fomula:Zth = (Tj - Ta) / P, uko Tj ndiyo tembiricha yekusangana, Ta ndiyo tembiricha yemhepo, uye P ndiro simba rinoshandiswa.
Nei Thermal Shutdown Yakakosha
Thermal shutdown features inodzima regulator kana yanyanya kupisa. Izvi zvinochengetedza mudziyo wakachengeteka uye kudzivirira kukuvara. Dzimwe nzira, dzakapfava-kutanga uye kutonga kana regulator ichibatidza kana kudzima, inogonawo kubatsira kubata kupisa zvirinani.
Zvimiro Zvinovandudza Kuderera Kwekudonha Kuita
Kuderedza Noise
Nei Zvichikosha kune Analog uye RF Devices
Ruzha runogona kukanganisa analog neRF maseketi, zvichikonzera kuita kwakashata. Low dropout regulators inopa simba rakachena, iro rakakosha kune izvi zvinoshandiswa. Iyo yakakura simba rejeshi yekuramba reshiyo (PSRR) inovharira ruzha rwekupinza kubva pakusvika kune yakabuda. Izvi zvinochengeta masaini akajeka mumidziyo yakaita seaudio masisitimu uye maturusi ekutaurirana.
Nzira dzekudzikisa Noise
Kuti uderedze ruzha, tarisa zvinhu zviri mukati nekunze. Kusarudza ma capacitor akakodzera uye kugadzira dhizaini yakanaka yePCB ndizvo zvakakosha. Ma capacitor eESR akaderera anobatsira kusefa ruzha zviri nani. Zvakare, kuziva maitiro eruzha rwemutongi wako uye kuyedza nemazvo kunodzivirira mhedzisiro isiriyo. Matanho aya anobatsira maLDO kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
Kugadzirisa Kuchinja Kwemutoro
Kuita Nekuerekana Kwesimba Kunodiwa
Kungoerekana kwachinja kudiwa kwemagetsi kunogona kuita kuti voltage isagadzikane. Iyo mhinduro sisitimu muLDO inobatsira kuchengetedza zvinhu. Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwematanda uye zero mune yemhinduro loop inova nechokwadi chekupindura nekukurumidza kurodha shanduko. Izvi zvakakosha kune zvishandiso zvine shanduko yemagetsi zvinodiwa.
Kuchengeta Kugadzikana
Kugadzikana kunoenderana neinobuda capacitor uye ESR yayo. Kusarudza musanganiswa wakakodzera wezvikamu izvi kunobatsira kubata kamwe kamwe kuchinja kwemutoro. A yakanaka mhinduro sisitimu inochengeta voltage yakadzikama, kunyangwe kana mamiriro achinja. Izvi zvinoita kuti maLDO avimbike kune akawanda mashandisiro.
Maitiro Ekuchengetedza
Kudzivirira Kubva Kupfuura uye Kupisa
Kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro kunomisa yakawandisa ikozvino kubva mukukuvadza regulator kana zvishandiso. Thermal shutdown inodzima regulator kana yanyanya kupisa. Aya maficha anochengetedza zvishandiso uye kushanda kwenguva yakareba. Semuenzaniso, iyo TPS7A24 inoratidza kuti kupisa kudzima kunowedzera sei kuvimbika.
Kuvhara Reverse Current
Reverse chengetedzo yazvino inomisa ikozvino kubva kuyerera ichidzokera kumashure ichienda kune regulator. Izvi zvinogona kuchengetedza dunhu kubva mukukuvadzwa. Zvinonyanya kubatsira mumidziyo ine bhatiri-powered panguva yekuchaja. Nechinhu ichi, maLDO anogara akachengeteka uye anoshanda nemazvo.
Madimikira akakosha eLow Dropout Regulators
Input Voltage Range
Matching Power Sources
Iyo yekupinza voltage renji inoratidza yakaderera uye yepamusoro mavoltages anogona kubatwa neLDO. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti ishande nemagetsi akasiyana semabhatiri kana DC/DC converters. Kuti LDO ishande, magetsi ekupinza anofanira kunge akakwira kudarika voltage yekudonha pamwe neinobuda voltage. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo inodonha voltage iri 150 mV uye inobuda iri 2.8 V, iyo yekupinda voltage inofanira kunge inosvika 2.95 V.
MaLDO mazhinji anotsigira yakakura yekuisa voltage renji, ichiita kuti ibatsire kune akawanda madivayiri. Gara uchitarisa iyo shoma yekuisa voltage kuti uone kuti LDO inoshanda nemazvo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune bhatiri-powered zvishandiso, sezvo bhatiri voltage inodonha kana ichibuda.
Zvinhu zvekurangarira pamusoro pekuisa voltage renji:
Input voltage inofanira kunge yakakwira pane dropout voltage plus inobuda voltage.
Tarisa kana ichienderana neyako magetsi kuti udzivise matambudziko.
Sarudza maLDO ane huwandu hwakasiyana kune mamwe magadzirirwo sarudzo.
Output Voltage Accuracy
Sei Zvichikosha kune Sensitive Devices
Output voltage kurongeka kwakakosha zvakanyanya kune dzakatetepa zvemagetsi. Inovimbisa iyo LDO inopa yakatsiga uye chaiyo voltage, kuchengetedza maseketi akavimbika. Mumashandisirwo chaiwo senge photomultiplier chubhu kana chip-kugadzira, huchokwadi hunogona kubva pa0.02% kusvika 0.0001%. Aya mazinga akasimba anoderedza ruzha uye ripple, achibatsira zvishandiso kushanda zvakanyanya.
kunyoresa | Voltage Accuracy | Mutsara / Mutoro weMutoro | Ripple/Noise |
|---|---|---|---|
Photomultiplier Tubes (PMT) | Inoda huchokwadi hwepamusoro | 0.02% - 0.0001% | 0.0005% / 5ppm |
Semiconductor Kugadzira | Inoda kunyatsojeka | 0.02% - 0.0001% | 0.0005% / 5ppm |
General-chinangwa Power Supplies | +/- 2% kusvika 0.5% | 10% mutoro kusvika kuzere kuburitsa | 1% mukati me20MHz |
Kuti isangane nematanho aya echokwadi, maLDO anoshandisa chaiyo voltage mareferensi uye emhando yepamusoro resistors. Zvikamu izvi zvinoita kuti goti rekubuda rirambe rakatsiga, kunyangwe mutoro ukachinja.
Simba-Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)
Chii uye Nei Chichikosha
Iyo simba-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) inoratidza kuti LDO inovharisa sei vhoriyamu ruzha uye ripple. Iyo yakakwira PSRR inochengeta yakabuda voltage yakachena, kunyangwe ine ruzha rwekuisa simba. Izvi zvakakosha kumaseketi anonzwisisika analog, uko ruzha runogona kukanganisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo.
Kuonekwa | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kurambwa Kwemagetsi (PSR) | PSR inoyera kuti iyo LDO inovharira sei ripple yekupinza muma frequency. |
Kakawanda Bhendi | PSR inoyerwa muzvikamu zviviri: Band 1 (yakaderera frequencies) uye Band 2 (yakakwirira mafrequency). |
Output Capacitance | Kushandisa high-value capacitors inovandudza PSR mu-high-frequency ranges. |
Pcb marongerwo | Iyo yakanaka PCB dhizaini inoderedza kudonha kweruzha kubva pakupinza kuenda kunobuda. |
Kuti uvandudze PSRR, tarisa pakugadzira PCB kwakanaka uye shandisa ma capacitor ane capacitance yakakura. MaPSRR LDO akakwirira akanakira kusefa ruzha kubva kumaDC/DC converters, zvichipa simba rakasimba uye rakachena remidziyo yako.
Zano: PSRR inovandudza pamitoro yakareruka nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kubuda impedance. Asi pamutoro unorema, PSRR inogona kudonha, saka sarudza LDO zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvesimba remudziyo wako.
Kunonyanyisa Output Current
Kufananidza Regulator Capacity kune Device Inodiwa
Paunenge uchitora yakaderera-dropout regulator (LDO), ita shuwa kuti yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino inokodzera zvinodiwa nemudziyo wako. Iyo yakanyanya kuburitsa ikozvino ndiyo yakanyanya kuitika iyo LDO inogona kupa ichichengeta voltage yakatsiga. Kana mudziyo wako uchida yazvino kupfuura iyo LDO inogona kubata, voltage inogona kudonha, uye mudziyo unogona kumira kushanda.
Kuti usarudze iyo LDO chaiyo, tsvaga iyo yepamusoro ikozvino mudziyo wako uchashandisa. Semuyenzaniso, kana dunhu rako richishandisa 500 mA zvakajairika asi richikwira kusvika 700 mA pasi pekushandiswa zvakanyanya, tora LDO inogona kupa anokwana mazana manomwe mA.
Zano: Sarudza LDO ine muganho wemagetsi wakakwira zvishoma pane zvaunoda. Izvi zvinobatsira kubata kukwira kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe uye kuchengetedza mashandiro akasimba.
Heino kuenzanisa kwakapfava kweLDO nemiganhu yazvino yakasiyana:
LDO Model | Kunonyanyisa Output Current | Zvakanakisa Zvishandiso |
|---|---|---|
LDO-A | 150 mA | Diki sensors, yakaderera-simba machipisi |
LDO-B | 500 mA | Inotakurika gadget, maodhiyo midziyo |
LDO-C | 1 A | Motors, high-power magetsi |
Zvakare, funga nezve mabatiro anoita LDO kupisa. Mhepo dzepamusoro dzinogadzira kupisa kwakawanda, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushanda uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwayo. Tarisa maLDO ane dziviriro yekupisa kudzivirira kupisa.
Nekufananidza kugona kweLDO kune yako kifaa, unoichengeta ichimhanya zvakanaka uye ichidzivirira kubva mukukuvadza. Iyi nhanho yakakosha pakuvaka masisitimu akavimbika uye anoshanda.
Zvigadziriso zvemagetsi zvishoma zvakakosha pamagetsi emazuva ano. Zvinochengetedza magetsi akasimba, zvinoderedza ruzha, uye zvinobatsira mabhatiri kugara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinoita kuti ave akakosha pamidziyo ine hunyanzvi.
Chidzidzo Chekutanga : Zvishandiso zvekurapa zvinotakurika zvakashanda kwenguva yakareba uye zvakavimbika neNCP4681DSQ25T1G.
Chidzidzo Chechipiri : Masisitimu emufekitori akashandisa simba shoma uye simba rinotarisirwa zviri nani neNCP4681DSQ33T1G.
MaLDO akanakira masisitimu akanyarara, ane yakanakisa PSRR uye ruzha kutonga. Yavo diki yekudonhedza voltage uye yakaderera quiescent yazvino sutu inotakurika uye isina waya gadget zvakanaka.
Tarisa uone dhairekitori kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve LDO magadzirirwo uye mashandisiro.
FAQ
Chii chinoita kuti maLDO ave akasiyana achienzaniswa nemamwe magetsi ekudzora?
MaLDO anongoda gap diki pakati pekuisa uye kubuda voltage, inonzi dropout voltage. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nani kune zvishandiso zvinoshandisa mabhatiri. Kusiyana nekuchinja maregulator, maLDO anopa akatsiga, akanyarara simba, akanakira emagetsi anonzwa senge analog maseketi.
Ndingatora sei LDO chaiyo yemudziyo wangu?
Tarisa pane yekupinda voltage renji, kubuda kwevoltage kunyatsoita, uye yakanyanya kubuda ikozvino. Matanidza izvi kune izvo mudziyo wako unoda. Zvakare, tarisa zvinhu zvakaita sekudzora ruzha uye kudzivirira kupisa kuti uvandudze kuchengetedzwa uye kuita.
MaLDO anogona kubatsira mabhatiri kugara kwenguva refu?
Hongu, maLDO anochengetedza simba nekushandisa yakaderera quiescent ikozvino. Izvi zvinobatsira midziyo inotakurika kushanda kwenguva yakareba. Kutora LDO ine yakaderera dropout voltage inoshandisawo simba rebhatiri zvakanyanya sezvainodonha.
Sei kutonga ruzha kwakakosha mumaLDO?
Ruzha runogona kukanganisa maseketi akapfava, kunyanya muanalog neRF zvishandiso. MaLDO ane yakakwira PSRR uye yakaderera ruzha kubuda inopa simba rakachena. Izvi zvinonatsiridza ruzha rwemhando uye kuita muzvinhu zvakaita segiya redhiyo nemidziyo yekutaurirana.
MaLDO akanaka kune zvishandiso zvine simba repamusoro?
MaLDO anogona kushanda mumidziyo ine simba repamusoro kana achibata kupisa zvakanaka. Zvimiro zvakaita sekutonhodza uye kudzima kwemafuta kunomira kupisa. Asi kune zvakanyanya-yakanyanya-simba zvinodiwa, switching regulators inogona kushanda zvirinani.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa kuti LDO inokwanisa sei kubata kupisa nemagetsi usati waishandisa muzvigadziriso zvine simba guru.
