Uchaona mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemaseti eop-amp ekupinza nekusapinza mukubatanidza kwaunoita ma inputs uye mashandiro anoita ma output. Kunewo mutsauko muchikamu chekuburitsa, fomura ye gain, uye input impedance inopa setup yega yega. Unofanira kuziva misiyano mikuru iyi kuti uite sarudzo dzakanaka dzekugadzira. Misiyano iyi ichachinja mashandiro edunhu rako uye marongero aunoita dhizaini yako yePCB. Kuenzanisa uku kwe inverting vs non-inverting op-amp kunokubatsira kusarudza setup yakanakisa yepurojekiti yako.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Ma-op-amps anochinja-chinja anotenderedza chiratidzo chekupinda pasi, asi ma-op-amps asingachinji anochichengetedza nenzira imwecheteyo. Unofanira kushandisa ma-op-amps anochinja-chinja kana uchida kusanganisa masaini. Ma-op-amps asingachinji akanakira kubhafa uye kana uchida kupindira kwakanyanya. Ma-op-amps asingachinji anowanzoita ruzha rushoma, saka anoshanda zvakanaka pamabasa anonzwa. Nguva dzose tarisa mafomati ekuwana. Ma-op-amps anochinja-chinja anoshandisa Gain = -R2/R1. Ma-op-amps asingachinji anoshandisa Gain = 1 + (R2/R1). Dhizaini yakanaka yePCB yakakosha zvikuru. Chengeta zviratidzo zvipfupi uye chengeta zvikamu zveanalog nedhijitari zvakaparadzana kuti ruzha ruderere.
Op-Amp Basics
Chii chinonzi Op-Amp?
Munoona op-amp yakawanda mune zvemagetsi. Op-amp iamplifier yakakosha. Inoita kuti masaini emagetsi ave nesimba. Unoishandisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemasekete. Inogona kuita mabasa akasiyana. Op-amp ine mapini maviri ekupinda. Inewo pini imwe chete yekubuda. Unoisa masaini mumapini ekupinda. Op-amp inokupa chiratidzo chakasimba chekubuda.
Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti op-amp inoshandisa mhinduro. Mhinduro zvinoreva kuti imwe mhinduro inodzokera kune inopinzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti op-amp igare yakasimba uye yakarurama. Kazhinji, unoshandisa mhinduro isina kunaka. Mhinduro isina kunaka inomisa inopinzwa kuti isakure zvakanyanya kana kuti isanyanya kushata. Pane mumwe mutemo unonzi virtual short. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mapini ese ekupinda ane voltage yakafanana. Op-amp haitore magetsi kubva kunobva chiratidzo chako. Nekuda kwezvinhu izvi, unogona kushandisa op-amp pamabasa emasvomhu. Inogona kuwedzera, kubvisa, kubatanidza, uye kusiyanisa zviratidzo.
Unhu Hwakakosha
Paunosarudza amplifier inoshanda, tarisa kuti main features. Zvinhu izvi zvinosarudza mashandiro edunhu rako. Heino tafura ine hunhu hwakakosha hweop-amp:
mamirire | Ideal Value | Mutengo Wechokwadi | Zvinoreva Kushanda Kwedunhu |
|---|---|---|---|
Kuwana Ruzhowa Rwakavhurika (Avo) | ∞ | 20,000 kuna 200,000 | Zvinoita kuti chiratidzo chekupinda chiwedzere. Kuwedzera kwakawanda kunogona kubatsira asi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko. |
Kupindira kweImpedance (Zin) | ∞ | Mapikioamps mashoma kune mamilliamp akati wandei | Kupindira kwakanyanya kunomisa kurodha. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti masaini arambe akarurama. |
Kubuda kweImpedance (Vout) | 0 | 100Ω kusvika 20kΩ | Kusashanda zvakanaka kunoita kuti magetsi akawanda aende pamutoro. Izvi zvinodzivisa magetsi kudzikira. |
Bandwidth (BW) | ∞ | Yakaganhurirwa neGain-Bandwidth chigadzirwa | Bandwidth yakafara inobvumira op-amp kushanda nemafrequencies akawanda. Izvi zvakakosha kune masaini eAC. |
Kudzima Voltage (Vin) | 0 | Mamwe magetsi anobuda | Voltage diki ye offset yakanaka pakuita kuti pave nekunyatsojeka. Inobatsira kuti output irambe yakarurama. |
Zano: Gara uchitarisa kukosha uku mudatasheet usati washandisa op-amp. Kusarudza amplifier inoshanda zvakanaka kunobatsira kuti circuit yako ishande zvakanaka.
Kuenzanisa Op-Amp neNon-Inverting
Inzwa Zvinotaurwa uye Output
kana iwe enzanisa inverting nenon-inverting Ma-op-amps, unoona kuti anobatanidza zvakasiyana. Kune op-amp inochinja-chinja, chiratidzo chinoenda kune chinhu chisina kunaka. Chinhu chakanaka chinowanzo batana nepasi. Chinhu chinobuda chinobuda chakapindurwa zvichienzaniswa nechinopinza. Kune op-amp isingapinduri, chiratidzo chinoenda kune chinhu chakanaka. Chinhu chisina kunaka chinobatanidza kune network yemhinduro kana voltage divider. Chinhu chinobuda chinoenderana nechinopinza uye hachipinduri.
Unoshandisa inverting op-amp kana uchida kudzosera chiratidzo kumashure. Unoshandisa non-inverting op-amp kana uchida kuti output irambe yakafanana ne input phase. Kuongorora kuti input ne output connect sei ndiyo nhanho yekutanga mukuenzanisa mhando mbiri idzi.
Chikamu uye Kuwana
Chikamu chekubuda kwacho chakakosha zvikuru. Mu inverting op-amp, kubuda kwacho kuri kunze kwemadhigirii zana nemakumi masere kubva pachikamu ne input. Kana input ikakwira, kubuda kwacho kunodzikira. Mu non-inverting op-amp, kubuda kwacho kunoramba kuri muchikamu ne input. Kana input ikakwira, kubuda kwacho kunokwirawo.
Unofanira kuziva mafomati ekuwana emhando yega yega. Kuwana kunokuudza kuti op-amp inoita kuti chiratidzo chako chikure zvakadii. Heino tafura inoratidza mafomati ekuwana ezvose zviri zviviri:
Configuration | Fomura yekuwana |
|---|---|
Inverting Amplifier | Kuwana = -R2/R1 |
Kwete-Inverting Amplifier | Kuwana = 1 + (R2/R1) |
Iyo inverting op-amp inopa gain negative. Iyo non-inverting op-amp inopa gain yakanaka iyo inogara iri kanenge kamwe chete. Ose anogona kupa gain yakakwira, asi resistor setup inochinja mhedzisiro.
Impedance uye CMRR
Impedance ndeimwe musiyano mukuru. Mu inverting op-amp, input impedance inobva ku resistor pa input. Iyi value kazhinji haisi yakakwira zvakanyanya. Mu non-inverting op-amp, input impedance yakakwira zvakanyanya. Inenge isina muganho nekuti zvinoenderana ne op-amp pachayo. High input impedance yakanaka nekuti haitore signal source.
CMRR zvinoreva Common-Mode Rejection Ratio. Inoratidza kuti op-amp inoregeredza sei zviratidzo zvakafanana pamagetsi ese ari maviri. Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzinogona kuva neCMRR yakakwira, asi iyo op-amp isingapindiri inowanzoita zviri nani mumaseketi chaiwo. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana zviratidzo zvakachena, kunyanya kana uchida gain yakakwira.
Ruzha uye Muteveri weVoltage
Ruzha runogona kuita kuti masaini asava neruzivo rwakakwana. Ma-op-amps anochinja-chinja anowana ruzha rwakawanda. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti magetsi anopinza anopinda nema resistors uye anowedzera ruzha rwakawanda. Ma-op-amps asingachinji anowanzova neruzha rushoma. Kugadzirisa mhinduro kunobatsira kuti ruzha rurambe rwakaderera, kunyanya kana paine gain shoma.
Heino tafura inoenzanisa mashandiro eruzha:
Configuration | Noise Performance |
|---|---|
Kwete-Inverting | Kazhinji ruzha rushoma nekuda kwemhinduro. |
Inverting | Inowana ruzha rwakawanda kubva kumagetsi ekupinda kuburikidza nema resistors. |
Kuwedzera Ruzha | Ma amplifiers asingapindi mudenga anogona kuva neruzha rwakaderera kana ruzha rwakaderera rwakavharwa kupfuura ma inverting amplifiers. |
Op-amp isingapindiri inogona kushanda semuteveri wemagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinobuda zvinotevedzera zviri mukati chaizvo. Unoshandisa muteveri wemagetsi kubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvedunhu pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwechiratidzo. Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitwa nemuteveri wemagetsi:
Inochengetedza zvikamu zvedunhu zvakasiyana.
Inochengetedza hunhu hwechiratidzo uye inoenderana ne impedance.
Iine kuwedzera kwevoltage kwe1, saka kubuda kunoenderana nekupinda.
Inodzivirira hunhu hwechiratidzo pakati pezvikamu zvedunhu.
Impedance yepamusoro inoreva kuti inodhonza magetsi mashoma.
Impedance shoma inoburitsa inoita kuti ifambise mamwe matanho edunhu zvakanaka.
Op-amp inochinja-chinja haifanirwe kuva vateveri vemagetsi. Op-amp isingachinji chete ndiyo inogona kuita basa iri.
Maitiro Ekutarisa
Unoshandisa marudzi ese ari maviri mumapurojekiti akawanda. Op-amp inopinza inoshanda zvakanaka pakusanganisa masaini kana kugadzira mafirita anoshanda. Op-amp isingapindire iri nani pakuisa impedance yakawanda kana kuvharisa chiratidzo. Heino tafura inoratidza mashandisirwo akajairika emhando yega yega:
Rudzi rwekushandisa | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Audio Amplifiers | Inoita kuti masaini enzwi ave nesimba kuti ruzha rwuve nani mumidziyo. |
Kupfupisa Maamplifier | Inosanganisa masaini akawanda ekupinda muchinhu chimwe chete chinobuda. |
Active Filters | Inosefa mamwe mafrequency mumasaini. |
Instrumentation Amplifiers | Inopa kunyatsojeka uye kugadzikana pakuyera zviratidzo mumidziyo. |
Unoona mhando idzi dze op-amp kwese kwese mumagetsi. Unosarudza chaiyo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nedunhu rako. Kana uchida high gain, unogona kushandisa chero rudzi, asi unofanirwa kutarisa phase, impedance, uye ruzha. Inverting op-amp yakanaka pakusanganisa nekusefa. Non-inverting op-amp ndiyo yakanakira buffering uye high input impedance.
Kurumidza Referensi Tafura
Heino tafura pfupiso yekuenzanisa ma-op-amps e-inverting neasiri-inverting:
mamiriro | Kuchinja Op-Amp | Op-Amp Isina Kuchinja |
|---|---|---|
Input Kubatanidza | Negative input | Positive input |
Output Phase | 180° kunze kwechikamu (yakapindurwa) | Muchikamu (chisina kupindurwa) |
Fomura yekuwana | Kuwana = -R2/R1 | Kuwana = 1 + (R2/R1) |
Input Impedance | Yakagadzirirwa ne input resistor | Yakakwirira zvikuru (inenge isingaperi) |
CMRR | High | Yakakwira muzviitiko zvakawanda |
ruzha | Zvingangonyanya kukonzera ruzha | Ruzha rwepasi |
Muteveri weVoltage | Hazviite | Possible |
Applications | Kusanganisa, kusefa, kupfupisa | Kubhafa, Z yepamusoro, odhiyo |
Iye zvino wava kuziva musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemaop-amps ekupinza neasingapindi. Izvi zvinokubatsira kusarudza yakakodzera purojekiti yako, kungave uchida high gain, low noise, kana maficha ekuisa nekuburitsa.
Amplifier yeOp-Amp Inverting
Ainoita
Unoshandisa inverting amplifier kana uchida kutenderedza chiratidzo chako. Chiratidzo chekupinda chinopfuura nepakati pe resistor kuenda kune negative input. Chinhu chakanaka chinobatanidza pasi. Resistor yekupa mhinduro inobatanidza chinobuda ne negative input. Heino mafambiro anoita chiratidzo mudunhu iri:
Chiratidzo chekupinda chinoenda kune inverting input uchishandisa resistor.
Chinodzivirira mhinduro chinobatanidza chinobuda nechinhu chinopinzwa mukati. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhinduro ienderane negative.
Mwenje wemagetsi uri pachiteshi che inverting unotevera mutemo weOhm.
Iyi current inofambawo nepakati pe resistor yemhinduro nekuda kwepfupi chaiyo.
Voltage inobuda inoshandisa fomura iyi: Vout = -Vin × (Rf / Rin). Izvi zvinoratidza gain uye phase flip.
Unyanzvi Hunhu
Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha nezve inverting amplifiers:
Gain inoshandisa fomura -Rf/Rin. Unogona kusarudza kuti chiratidzo chinokura zvakadii nekusarudza ma resistor values.
Impedance yekupinda nekubuda inoshandura mashandiro anoita dunhu.
Ruzha runogona kuita kuti chiratidzo chako chisanyatsojeka.
Amplifier inopinza inoshandisa mhinduro dzisina kunaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti kubuda kwemagetsi kurambe kwakadzikama uye kwakachinjika.
Kana bandwidth ye op-amp iri diki zvakanyanya, circuit inogona kusagadzikana. Unogona kugadzirisa izvi nekubhadhara frequency.
Pros uye Cons
Mabhenefiti eInverting Operational Amplifier | Zvakaipa zveInverting Operational Amplifier |
|---|---|
Yakagadzikana kupfuura isingachinji | Inonzwa ruzha rwakawanda kupfuura isingapindiri |
Kuwana mari yakawanda kunogoneka nekusarudza resistors | Inoda dhizaini yakaoma kunzwisisa |
Inoshanda senzvimbo chaiyo, zvichiita kuti dhizaini ive nyore | Inonzwa kupinza voltage ye offset |
Inogona kuchinjisa chikamu chekubuda | Maitiro akafanana anoganhurira huwandu hwekupinda |
Kupindira kwakanyanya uye kupindira kwakaderera | Kuchinja-chinja kwechikamu (phase flip) kunogona kuva dambudziko mune mamwe maseketi |
Applications
Munoona inverting amplifiers munzvimbo dzakawanda. Dzinoshandiswa mumidziyo yeaudio, masystem ekudzora, uye zvishandiso zvekurapa. Iyo inverting amplifier yakanaka pakusanganisa masaini, kugadzira mafirita, uye kuwedzera masaini pamwe chete. Unoshandisa iyi circuit kana uchida kudzora masaini ephase kana mix.
PCB Dhizaini Mazano
Paunogadzira PCB ye inverting amplifier, chengeta ma traces mapfupi. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza ruzha. Isa resistors pedyo nemapini e op-amp. Shandisa plane yakasimba pasi kuti ugadzikane zviri nani. Chengeta nzira dzekupinda nedzekubuda dzakaparadzana kuti umise mhinduro dzisingadiwi. Kurongeka kwakanaka kunokupa mhedzisiro yakanakisa kubva ku inverting amplifier yako.
Amplifier Isina Kuchinja-chinja yeOp-Amp
Ainoita
Iwe unoshandisa a isiri-inverting amplifier Kana uchida kuti output ienderane ne input phase. Input signal inobatana ne positive terminal. Negative terminal inobatana ne voltage divider yakagadzirwa ne two resistors. Iyi feedback path inoisa gain. Output inokopa input, saka hapana phase flip. Non-inverting amplifiers anoshandiswa kana uchida kuti signal direction irambe yakadaro.
Unyanzvi Hunhu
Unogona kuona kuti ma amplifiers ekupinza neasingapindi mudenga akasiyana sei mutafura iyi:
Hwaro Hwokusiyana | Inverting Amplifier | Kwete-Inverting Amplifier |
|---|---|---|
Musiyano wechikamu pakati pezviratidzo zvekupinda nekubuda | 180° kunze kwechikamu | Muchikamu (0°) |
Kugadzirisa kwenzvimbo yekushandisa | Isa pane negative terminal | Isa zvinhu pa positive terminal |
Kugadzirisa mhinduro | Mhinduro pachiteshi chimwe chete nekupinda | Mhinduro pane imwe terminal |
Kuwana mukana wekutaura | $$A_v = -frac{R_2}{R_1}$$ | $$A_v = 1 + frac{R_2}{R_1}$$ |
Wana polarity | Negative | Positive |
Kuisa kukanganisa | Yakaenzana neR1 | Yakanyanya kukwirira |
Applications | Ma amplifiers ekudzivirira trans-resistance, ma integrator circuits | Maseketi epamusoro ekupinda impedance, vateveri vemagetsi |
Pros uye Cons
Ma amplifiers asingapindire ane zvimwe zvakanaka. Anewo zvimwe zvakaipa. Heino tafura inoratidza izvi:
zvayakanakira | nezvayakaipira |
|---|---|
Kudzivirira kwakanyanya | Zvakaoma kugadzira nekuda kwekugadzirisa mhinduro |
Inochengetedza chikamu chechiratidzo chepakutanga | |
Yakanakira zviratidzo zvinonzwa uye zvinodzivirira |
Applications
Ma-op-amps asingapindiri anoshandiswa mu maseketi e sensor uye mabuffer eaudio. Anoshandiswawo sevateveri vemagetsi. Macircuit aya anoda impedance yekupinda yakakwira uye hapana shanduko yechikamu. Unowana ma amplifiers asingapindi muzvishandiso zvekuyera uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa masignal. Anobatsira kuchengetedza masignal asina simba uye anobatanidza matanho akasiyana edunhu.
PCB Dhizaini Mazano
Zano: Dhizaini yakanaka yePCB inobatsira kuti amplifier yako isingapindi mudenga ishande zvakanaka uye igare yakasimba.
Isa capacitor ye bypass pedyo nepini ye op-amp kuti ruzha ruderere.
Tarisa mukana wekuwana open loop pakati pe output ne input pins, nekuti zvinoderedza mukana wekuwana.
Shandisa nzira dzekubvisa kupisa mumagadzirirwo emaamplifier ane simba guru.
Chengetedza zvikamu zveanalog nedhijitari zvakasiyana kuti udzivise ruzha kubva kumasekete edhijitari.
Kusarudza Kurongeka Kwakakodzera kweOp-Amp
Dhizaini Zvinhu
Unofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvishoma usati wasarudza op-amp setup. Input impedance uye gain zvakakosha zvikuru. Inverting setup inopa gain uchishandisa feedback uye input resistors. Non-inverting setup inopa gain shoma nekuti fomura inowedzera imwe. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko kana ukasatarisa resistor values yako. Unofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti gain inoenderana nezvaunoda. Ruzha nephase zvine basawo. Inverting op-amp inoshandura signal phase. Non-inverting op-amp inochengetedza phase yakafanana. Funga nezvekuti setup yega yega inoshandura sei signal yako uye kugadzikana. Sarudzo dzakanaka dzinobatsira op-amp yako kushanda zvakanaka.
Zano: Gara uchitarisa kupindira kwemagetsi nguva dzose. Iyo op-amp isingapindire ine kupindira kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza masaini asina simba.
Sarudzo dzeKushandisa
Magadzirirwo akasiyana eop-amp anoshanda zvakanyanya pamabasa akasiyana. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo akanaka pakushandisa kwega kwega:
Kugadziriswa kweOp-Amp | Key Features | Applications |
|---|---|---|
Guruva rekusiyanisa | Zvinoita kuti musiyano wemagetsi uwedzere, zvinovhara ruzha | Kuyerwa kwe sensor, zvishandiso, macircuit e analog akanyatsojeka |
Muteveri weVoltage | Kupindira kwakanyanya, kupindira kwakaderera | Kubatanidza masensa, masisitimu ekutora data, kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu |
Sarudza op-amp inochinja-chinja kana uchida kusanganisa masaini kana kugadzira mafirita. Shandisa op-amp isingachinji-chinja kuti uchengetedze masaini uye uchengetedze masaini. Enzanisa gadziriro yacho neprojekiti yako kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka.
PCB Impact
Sarudzo yako ye op-amp inoshandura maitiro ako gadzira PCB yako. Kugadzirisa ma "inverting" kunoda kurongeka kwakanyatsonaka kuti ruzha rusanyanye kuderera. Isa ma resistors padyo nema "op-amp pins". Chengeta ma "traces" ari mapfupi. Kugadzirisa ma "non-inverting" kunokubvumira kushandisa ma "traces" akareba nekuti ane "input impedance" yakakwira. Chengeta zvikamu zve analog ne digital zvakaparadzana kuti umise kupindirana. Dhizaini yakanaka yePCB inobatsira kuti "op-amp" yako ishande zvakanaka uye inoita kuti kuvaka kuve nyore. Gara uchironga ma "architecture" ako zvichibva pane "op-amp" yaunosarudza.
Zvishandiso zveKugadzira uye Maitiro Akanakisisa
PCB Dhizaini Zvishandiso
Unoda zvishandiso zvakanaka zvekuvaka circuit yakasimba ye op-amp. Altium Designer ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira. Inoshanda zvakanaka kumapurojekiti makuru ePCB ane layer yakawanda. Cadence Allegro inobatsira nemagadzirirwo anokurumidza uye eRF. Inotarisa kana masaini ako akanaka. LTspice inokutendera kuti uedze circuit yako ye op-amp usati waivaka. Zvishandiso izvi zvinokubatsira kuwana matambudziko nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa dhizaini yako. Kushandisa software ye pro PCB kunochengetedza nguva uye kunokubatsira kudzivirira zvikanganiso.
Kugadzirisa Dunhu
Unogona kuita kuti op-amp circuit yako ive nani nekutevera matanho ari nyore:
Isa zviratidzo zvewachi pane mamwe ma layer asiri ma analog signals. Izvi zvinodzivirira ruzha kubva pa op-amp yako.
Shandisa star grounding kudzivirira ruzha rwedhijitari kuti rusasvike kuzvikamu zveanalog.
Edza differential signaling ye analog inputs kuti uvhare ruzha.
Sarudza zvikamu zvakakodzera. MaSMD anobatsira kuderedza inductance yakawedzerwa uye capacitance.
Shandisa marongerwo e microstrip kana stripline kuti zviratidzo zvirambe zvakachena.
Wedzera masinki ekupisa kana nzira dzekupisa kana dhizaini yako ikanyanya kupisa.
Iva nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yako yakagadzikana. Tarisa nzira dzekupinda nedzekubuda nadzo kuti uone kana paine kutenderera.
Simba remumugwagwa rinonyatsofamba zvakanaka kuitira kuti op-amp yako iwane voltage yakachena.
Chengetedza zvikamu zveanalog nedhijitari zvakaparadzana kuitira kuderedza kukanganiswa.
Shandisa purani yakasimba pasi kuti uwane nzira yakachengeteka yekudzoka kwemvura.
Zano: Sarudzo dzakanyatsogadzirwa dzinobatsira kuti circuit yako ye op-amp igare yakanyarara uye ichishanda zvakanaka.
Kubatana kweGungano
Unowana mhedzisiro yakanaka kana ukashanda nechikwata chako chePCB assembly. Kutaura zvakanaka panguva yekugadzira nekugadzira kunokubatsira kudzivirira zvikanganiso. Kana ukagovana mafaira ako ekugadzira nekukurumidza, chikwata chekugadzira chinogona kutarisa matambudziko akadai sekusawirirana kwetsoka. Kushanda pamwe chete uku kunogona kumisa matambudziko ekunamira nekunonoka zvisati zvaitika. Paunotaura nevagadziri nevaunganidzi, unoita shuwa kuti dhizaini yako inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye zvemhando yepamusoro. Kushanda pamwe chete kunokubatsira kuvaka circuit yakavimbika ye op-amp inoenderana nezvinangwa zvako.
Wadzidza mutsauko mukuru uripo pakati pemaop-amps ekupinza neasingapindi. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti mhando yega yega inochinja sei phase, input, uye kuti inoshandiswa pai:
mamiriro | Kuchinja Op-Amp | Op-Amp Isina Kuchinja |
|---|---|---|
Phase Shift | Kuchinja kwechikamu chedhigirii 180 | Kuchinja kwechikamu chedhigirii 0 |
Input Kugadziriswa | Chiratidzo chekuisa inverting | Chiratidzo kune chinongedzo chisina kuchinjika |
Input Impedance | Kudzivirira kwepasi kwekuisa | Yakakwira yekuisa impedance |
Applications | Kupinza, kupfupisa amplifiers | Vateveri vemagetsi, mabuffer |
Funga nezvezvaunoda kuti dunhu rako riite. Unofanira here kuwedzera masaini, kuachinja, kana kuti kuachengeta akafanana? Ona kuti unoda kuwedzera zvakadii. Tarisa zvinodiwa nedunhu rako usati wasarudza setup. Shandisa maturusi akanaka ekugadzira PCB. Tevedzera matanho akangwara ekuwana mhedzisiro yakanakisisa.
FAQ
Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemaop-amps anochinja-chinja neasingachinji-chinja?
Pakupinza ma op-amps, unoisa chiratidzo chekupinda pa negative terminal. Pama op-amps asingapindi, unoshandisa positive terminal yechiratidzo chekupinda. Rudzi rwekupinza runoita kuti output phase ishanduke. Rudzi rwekupinza runoramba ruchichengetedza output phase yakafanana ne input.
Unofanira kushandisa rini muchina wekutevera magetsi?
Shandisa chiteshi chemagetsi kana uchida kuvharidzira chiratidzo. Iyi setup inopa impedance yepamusoro yekupinda uye impedance shoma yekubuda. Inobatsira kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvisina simba. Inobatanidzawo matanho akasiyana edunhu pasina kurasikirwa nesimba rechiratidzo.
Ndeipi gadziriro iri nani kune mapurogiramu asina ruzha rwakanyanya?
Ma op-amps asingapindiri anokupa ruzha rwakaderera. Network yemhinduro mugadziriro iyi inobatsira kuderedza ruzha. Kune masaini anonzwikwa, sarudza gadziriso isingapindiri.
Tip: Ita kuti maPCB traces ako ave mapfupi. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza ruzha zvakanyanya.
Unoverenga sei purofiti yegadziriro yega yega?
Heino tafura pfupi yekutarisa:
Configuration | Fomura yekuwana |
|---|---|
Kuchinja Op-Amp | Kuwana = -R2 / R1 |
Op-Amp Isina Kuchinja | Kuwana = 1 + (R2 / R1) |
Unosarudza ma resistor values kuti uise gain.
