Kana uchitaura nezve akakosha ma processor, unogona kunzwa NPU, TPU, DSP, uye VPU. Imwe neimwe ine basa rayo. Iyo NPU inobatsira kukurumidzira mabasa eAI, senge mumafoni. TPU, yakagadzirwa neGoogle, inoshanda pamasvomhu pakudzidza muchina. DSP inobata masaini chaiwo-nguva, senge ruzha kana vhidhiyo, nekukurumidza. VPU inotarisa pamabasa ekuona, kubatsira zvishandiso kunzwisisa mafoto nemavhidhiyo. Aya ma processor haana kufanana nemaGPU akajairwa. Vakagadzirirwa mabasa chaiwo, vachishandisa simba shoma uye kushanda zviri nani pamabasa avo.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
NPUs dzakagadzirirwa AI mabasa, zvichiita kuti zvive nekukurumidza uye zvirinani pane zvakajairwa processors. Vanoshanda zvakanaka kune zvinhu zvakaita sekuzivikanwa kumeso uye mota dzinozvityaira.
MaTPU, akagadzirwa neGoogle, akanaka patensor math kudzidza zvakadzika. Ivo vanobatsira kudzidzisa hombe maAI modhi nekukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka mugore.
DSPs inobata chaiyo-nguva masaini seruzha uye vhidhiyo. Iwo akakurisa kumabasa anoda kumhanya uye kurongeka, sekuderedza ruzha mumasisitimu enzwi.
VPUs dzakagadzirirwa mabasa ekuona komputa, kubatsira zvishandiso kubata mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo nekukurumidza. Izvo zvakakosha kune zvinhu zvakaita sekuzivikanwa kwechiso uye augmented real.
Kutora processor chaiyo kunoenderana nezvaunoda: shandisa maNPU kana maTPU eAI, DSPs ezviratidzo, uye maVPU emabasa ekuona kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka.
Neural Processing Unit (NPU)
Chii chinonzi NPU?
An NPU, kana Neural Processing Unit, inokosha chip. Inogadzirwa kuti ibate artificial intelligence (AI) mabasa. Kusiyana nema processors enguva dzose, maNPU anokurumidza kubasa reAI. Ivo vanobatsira nekudzidzisa maAI modhi uye kumhanya neural network. MaNPU ari nani pamasvomhu anodiwa kuAI, achiita kuti vakurumidze uye vashande zvakanyanya kupfuura maGPU.
NPU inoshanda sei?
NPUs dzinoshandisa yakakosha hardware kugadzirisa AI mabasa nekukurumidza. Vanogona kuita akawanda neural network mabasa panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinovatendera kudzidzisa uye kumhanya hombe AI modhi nekukurumidza.
Kuchengetedza simba, maNPU anoshandisa masvomhu akareruka, se8-bit manhamba kana diki. Izvi zvinoita kuti mabasa arambe ari echokwadi asi ari mashoma. Ivo zvakare vane kukurumidza ndangariro yekubata data hombe pasina kudzikira. Zvishandiso zvepamberi, senge systolic arrays, zviite nani kune mabasa eAI.
MaNPU anopfuura zana nekukurumidza kupfuura maGPU asi anoshandisa simba rakafanana. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive huru kune AI basa.
Shandisa makesi eNPUs
MaNPU anoshandiswa mumidziyo inoda AI. Mafoni anoashandisa kuvhura kumeso, manzwi anobatsira, uye kugadzirisa mafoto. Mota dzinozvityaira dzinoshandisa maNPU kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza kubva kune sensor data. Muhutano hwehutano, maNPU anobatsira kudzidza mifananidzo yekurapa uye kufanotaura hutano hwemurwere.
Izvo zvakakoshawo pakudzidzisa hombe AI modhi mumaindasitiri akaita sebhangi, kutenga, uye varaidzo. Ingave yekumhanyisa neural network kana kumhanyisa AI, maNPU anokurumidza uye anoshanda kumabasa akaomarara.
mamiriro | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Parallel kugadzira | MaNPU anogona kuita akawanda neural network mabasa kamwechete. |
Low precision arithmetic | Inoshandisa masvomhu akareruka, se8-bit manhamba, kuchengetedza simba. |
Yakakwirira-bandwidth ndangariro | Ine kukurumidza ndangariro kubata hombe data yeAI mabasa. |
Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa | Inoshandisa maturusi epamberi, senge systolic arrays, kuita zvirinani AI kuita. |
Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)
Chii chinonzi TPU?
A TPU, kana Tensor Processing Unit, inokosha chip. Inogadzirwa kubata yakaoma AI mabasa. Google yakagadzira maTPU kuti idzidze zvakadzama nekukurumidza. Iwo akanakira tensor math, inova kiyi muAI. Kusiyana neakajairwa processors, TPUs zviri nani pakudzidzisa uye kumhanya AI modhi. Iwo akavakwa kuita masvomhu makuru nokukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti vave vakakwana kumabasa eAI anoda kukurumidza uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera.
MaTPU akanaka kwazvo pakushanda nematensor. Tensors zvishandiso zvemasvomhu zvinoshandiswa mukudzidza kwakadzama. Iwo akanakira mabasa akaita sekutsvaga zvinhu mumifananidzo kana mutauro wekunzwisisa. MaTPU anokurumidza kupfuura maGPU nekuti anotarisa pane tensor math.
TPU inoshanda sei?
TPUs dzinoshandisa yakakosha hardware kuita tensor math. Ivo vanoshandisa matrix kuwanda kubata data hombe nekukurumidza. MaTPU anogona kuita mabasa mazhinji kamwechete, achiita kuti akurumidze kupfuura maGPU. Ivo vane kukurumidza ndangariro uye tsika maturusi ekubatsira nebasa reAI.
Heino kuenzanisa kweTPU neGPU kuita:
Metric | TPU Performance | GPU Performance |
|---|---|---|
Neural Network Kudzidzira Kumhanya | 15–30x nekukurumidza | Baseline (GPU) |
Performance paWatt | 25–50x zviri nani | Baseline (GPU) |
TPU v3 vs NVIDIA V100 | 8x nekukurumidza yeBERT | Baseline (NVIDIA V100) |
TPU v4 vs NVIDIA A100 | 1.2–1.7x zviri nani | Baseline (NVIDIA A100) |
Tafura iyi inoratidza kuti maTPU ari kukurumidza sei uye anoshandisa simba shoma. Iwo akakurisa kune AI mabasa anoda kumhanya kukuru.
Shandisa makesi eTPUs
TPUs anoshandiswa kumabasa anoda nekukurumidza AI basa. Iwo akajairwa mumapuratifomu emakore kudzidzisa hombe AI modhi. Google inoshandisa TPU kune ayo maturusi eAI, sekutaura uye kududzira.
MaTPU anobatsirawo mamodheru akadzidziswa kuita fungidziro. Muhutano hwehutano, vanodzidza mifananidzo yezvokurapa. Zvitoro zvepamhepo zvinoshandisa iwo kupa zano zvigadzirwa. TPUs dzakanakira tensor math, zvichiita kuti dzive kiyi yeAI yemazuva ano.
Hunhu/Metric | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Chikamu Chakaoma (HS) / Soft Segment (SS) | Chiyero chinoshandura TPU simba uye kushanduka. |
Tensile Strength | Bio-based TPUs inotangira pa30.69 kusvika 11.07 MPa. |
Elongation paBreak | Bio-based TPUs inotambanudza kubva pa977% kusvika 489%. |
Mahombekombe Kuomarara | TPU kuoma kunotangira paShore 60A kusvika 85A. |
TPUs dziri kushandura maindasitiri nekuita AI nekukurumidza uye nani. Kungave kudzidziswa kana kushandisa AI modhi, TPU dzinopa kukurumidza uye simba rinodiwa kumabasa akaomarara.
Digital Signal processor (DSP)
Chii chinonzi DSP?
A DSP, kana dijitari chiratidzo processor, inokosha chip. Inobata masaini senzwi, vhidhiyo, uye sensor data. Aya masaini anoshandurwa kuita mafomati edhijitari kuti ashandise zviri nyore. Kusiyana nemapurosesa enguva dzose, maDSP anogadzirirwa kukurumidza, anodzokororwa masvomhu mabasa. Izvi zvinovaita vakakurisa kumabasa chaiwo-nguva sekuvandudza ruzha, kumanikidza mavhidhiyo, kana kubatsira nekutaurirana.
DSPs dzakagadzirirwa mabasa chaiwo. Vanobata zvinhu zvakaita sesefa uye shanduko yemasaini nemazvo. Kumhanya kwavo uye kurongeka kwavo kunoita kuti vakoshe muhutano, mota, uye zvemagetsi.
DSP inoshanda sei?
DSP inoshandura masaini edhijitari kuti uwane ruzivo runobatsira. Inoshandisa kukurumidza math kugadzirisa kana kuongorora masaini. Mirayiridzo yakakosha uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunobatsira kuti ishande nekukurumidza. DSPs inokwanisa kubata nhamba dzakawanda neinoyangarara-point math kuti ive nani.
Kukurumidza kushanda kweDSP kunoenderana nezvinhu zvitatu: mabasa emasvomhu, kutonga mabasa, uye kufambisa data. Smart programming inoderedza kunonoka, ichiita DSPs nekukurumidza. Ivo vanoshandawo nemamwe machipi kuita mamwe mabasa, kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekugadzirisa zvakanaka.
Heino tafura inoratidza akakosha DSP maficha:
Specification Type | tsananguro |
|---|---|
Kugadzirisa Simba | High-end DSPs ine simba rakasimba rine macores akawanda. |
Mirayiridzo Sets | Mirayiridzo yakakosha inobatsira nematambudziko akaoma masvomhu. |
Kumhanya Kwewachi | Kumhanyisa wachi inobvumira kuverenga nekukurumidza. |
Inoyangarara-Point Kugona | Inoyangarara-nzvimbo DSPs inoshandisa 32 bits kuti zvive nani. |
Embedded ICs | Machipisi ekuwedzera anovandudza ndangariro uye anobatana kune mamwe maturusi. |
Shandisa makesi eDSPs
DSPs anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoda kukurumidza kushanda chiratidzo. Mumaodhiyo masisitimu, vanoita ruzha rwakajeka uye kuderedza ruzha. Kune mavhidhiyo, anobatsira nekumanikidza uye mifananidzo yakatsiga. Mafoni nemanetiweki anoshandisa maDSP kutumira nekugamuchira masaini zvakanaka.
DSPs zvakare inobatsira neAI nekugadzirisa sensor data mune smart madivayiri. Muhutano hwehutano, vanodzidza zvikwangwani zvakaita sekurohwa kwemoyo kana kuongorora kuti vawane mhedzisiro iri nani. Kugona kwavo kubata mabasa akaomarara echiratidzo kunoita kuti vabatsire mumaindasitiri mazhinji.
Vision Processing Unit (VPU)
Chii chinonzi VPU?
A Vision Processing Unit (VPU) inokosha chip. Inobata mabasa ane chekuita nekuona komputa. VPUs inogadzira mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Kusiyana nema processors enguva dzose, anogadzirirwa chaiwo-nguva yekuona mabasa. Iwo akakura pakuona chinhu, kuzivikanwa kwechiso, uye kuongororwa kwevhidhiyo. VPUs bvisa mabasa aya kubva pane main processor. Izvi zvinoita kuti michina ikurumidze uye inochengetedza simba.
VPU inoshanda sei?
VPUs inoshandisa yakakosha hardware kugadzirisa data yekuona. Ivo vanogona kubata akawanda mifananidzo kana vhidhiyo hova kamwechete. Izvi zvinovabatsira kuita mabasa akaoma kunge AI inference nekukurumidza. VPUs zvakare dzinoshandisa smart algorithms kudzidza kuona data. Izvi zvinovaita vakakwana kune chaiyo-nguva AI mabasa.
Hedzino nzira nhatu dzakakosha dzekuyera VPU kuita:
Performance Metric | tsananguro | kukosha |
|---|---|---|
havukavu | Inokurumidza sei mabasa anopedzwa | Inoratidza kuti VPU inoshanda sei |
Time Response | Inokurumidza sei kuita pakuiswa | Yakakosha kune ruzivo rwemushandisi |
Kupinza | Yakawanda sei data iyo inogona kubata | Inoratidza kuti inoshanda sei pasi pekushandiswa kwakanyanya |
Aya metrics anoratidza kuti maVPU ari kukurumidza uye akavimbika sei. Iwo akanakira mabasa anoda chaiyo-nguva mhinduro.
Shandisa makesi eVPUs
VPUs anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda kuona data kugadzirisa. Mumakamera akangwara, anobatsira kuziva zvinhu kana zviso ipapo ipapo. Mumotokari dzinozvityaira, VPUs inogadzira vhidhiyo kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi uye kutyaira zvakachengeteka. Drones vanoashandisa kugadzira mepu uye kuona nzvimbo.
Muhutano hwehutano, VPUs vanodzidza mifananidzo yekurapa senge X-rays kuti vawane matambudziko. Kune zvishandiso, ivo vanovandudza augmented real uye vhidhiyo kutenderera. Kugona kwavo kumhanyisa AI pamidziyo inovaita kiyi yekukurumidza uye inoshanda mabasa.
Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peNPU, TPU, DSP, uye VPU
Kuenzanisa pfupiso yekushanda uye kuita
Imwe neimwe processor ine akakosha masimba kune mamwe mabasa. Kuziva izvi kunobatsira kusarudza chaiyo:
NPU: Yakagadzirirwa mabasa eAI, maNPU anoita mabasa mazhinji kamwechete. Iwo akakura pakudzidza kwakadzama, sekudzidziswa uye kumhanya modhi. TOPS (Tera Operations Per Second) inoratidza kubata kwavanoita mabasa akaomarara. Semuenzaniso, NPU ine 1000 MAC mauniti pa1 GHz inogona kusvika yakakwira TOPS, ichiratidza simba rayo.
TPU: TPU dzakagadzirirwa mabasa makuru ekudzidza muchina. Vanokurumidza zvikuru uye vanochengetedza simba. Aya machipisi akanakira kudzidzisa maAI modhi uye nekuamhanyisa mugore.
DSP: DSPs inoshanda pane chaiyo-nguva masiginecha senge ruzha, vhidhiyo, kana masensa. Iwo anononoka kupfuura maNPU kana TPU eAI asi akakura pakudzokororwa masvomhu mabasa.
VPU: VPUs dzakagadzirirwa mabasa ekuona. Vanobata mapikicha nemavhidhiyo zvakanaka. Izvi zvinovaita vakakwana kune zvinhu zvakaita sekuzivikanwa kwechiso, kutsvaga chinhu, uye chokwadi chakawedzerwa. VPUs inokurumidza uye inochengetedza simba rekuona mabasa.
Kusarudza processor yakakodzera kune zvaunoda
Sarudza iyo chaiyo processor zvichienderana nezvaunoda:
Zvemabasa eAI: Shandisa NPU kana TPU pakudzidza kwakadzama. MaNPU akanaka kumafoni, nepo TPUs inoshanda zvakanyanya mugore.
Zvebasa rechiratidzo: Sarudza DSP yekurira, vhidhiyo, kana sensor mabasa. DSPs dzakanakira mabasa enguva-chaiyo anoda chokwadi.
Zvemabasa ekuona: Sarudza VPU yemabasa senge komputa kuona kana vhidhiyo basa. VPUs dzakanakira drones kana smart kamera.
Nokuda kwekuchinja: Shandisa FPGA kana iwe uchida processor yemabasa mazhinji. MaFPGA anogona kugadzirwa mabasa akasiyana, achiita kuti abatsire zvakanyanya.
Nekuziva izvo processor yega yega inoita zvakanyanya, unogona kusarudza nehungwaru uye kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani.
Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati peNPU, TPU, DSP, uye VPU kunokubatsira kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chemabasa ako. MaNPU anokunda paAI mabasa sekuziva kumeso. MaTPU anobata mahombe emuchina kudzidza nemazvo. DSPs inogadzira zvikwangwani zvenguva chaiyo senge odhiyo uye vhidhiyo. VPUs inyanzvi mukuona komputa mabasa sekuona chinhu.
muromo: Kana ukashanda neAI modhi, tora NPU kana TPU. Kuti uite ruzha kana vhidhiyo kugadzirisa, enda neDSP. Kune mabasa ane chekuita nekuona, VPU ndiyo sarudzo yako yakanaka. Kufananidza processor kune zvaunoda kunovimbisa kuita zvirinani uye kushanda nesimba.
FAQ
MaNPU nemaTPU akasiyana sei?
MaNPU anoshanda paAI mabasa mumagajeti semafoni kana mota. MaTPU, akagadzirwa neGoogle, anobata mabasa makuru ekudzidza muchina, kunyanya mugore. MaNPU akanakira zvishandiso zvidiki, nepo TPUs dzakanakira komputa ine simba.
DSPs inogona kuita mabasa eAI?
Hongu, asi DSPs haina kuvakirwa AI. Ivo vanobata chaiyo-nguva masaini seruzha kana vhidhiyo. Kune AI, NPU kana TPUs zviri nani nekuti ivo vanogadzira neural network nekukurumidza.
Nei maVPU aine basa pakuona komputa?
VPUs inokurumidza kugadzirisa mafoto nemavhidhiyo. Iwo akanakira mabasa akaita sekutsvaga zvinhu, kuziva zviso, uye augmented real. Kumhanya kwavo kunoita kuti vakwane kumabasa chaiwo-nguva mumadrones, makamera, uye hutano hwehutano.
Ndeipi processor yakanakira kudzidzisa AI modhi?
TPUs ndiwo akanakisa ekudzidzisa maAI modhi. Iwo akagadzirirwa mabasa makuru ekudzidza muchina uye tensor math. TPUs dzinokurumidza uye dzinochengetedza simba, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakanakira kudzidza kwakadzama.
Aya ma processor anogona kushanda neCPUs?
Hongu, vanogona kushanda neCPUs. Aya ma processor anobata akakosha mabasa seAI, masaini, kana chiratidzo. Izvi zvinoita kuti CPU itarise pane mamwe mabasa, kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa.
